Natwerk Designs

whats UPS Innovations (Tracking)? how long do there delivery take?

Where do I enter the tracking number for ups mail innovations? I tried the thing on the left. I have a : 21 digit TC number 22 digit Tracking number Yahoo mail links me to usps tracking, but that is different right? Googling didnt work. It only showed the usps one.

UPS Mail Innovations tracking site down? Or just me? I'm trying to track my mail piece down, but an error site comes up... http://www.upsmailinnovations.com/ I go to that site and click on the "Tracking" option but yeahh..

What does mean by shipment accepted in UPS package tracking? I bought a game from ebay and it is coming by UPS.I tracked my package and the last time it said received at UPS mail innovations destination and shipment accepted.What does mean by shipment accepted and how longer do you think it will take to arrive?

I still can't see my UPS tracking information, please help!? I ordered a digital camera and it shipped on may 6th. It shipped by UPS mail innovations. I clicked on the tracking number and it said it was unavailable. I tried today and it still says its unavailable. Is it because its a weekend or is there another problem?

help deciphering ups tracking information? Ok I am tracking my package on ups and I'm not sure what the notifications mean exactly, here are the listed descriptions: retrieved from shipper (October 15th). Received at ups mail innovations origin rpf (October 15th) processed at ups mail innovations origin rpf (October 16th) transferred to ups jail innovations destination rpf (October 16th) electronic shipping information received )October 18th) and that last status was in my city and state does this mean I will get it soon?

UPS Mail Innovation- question on tracking....? Hi, I have a package that is shipped via UPS mail innovation system. Well, here's the tracking info. Date Description Location May 18 2007 Mail Retrieved From Shipper May 18 2007 Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF R. Cucamonga, CA May 18 2007 Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF R. Cucamonga, CA May 19 2007 Transferred to UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF Austin, TX May 20 2007 Received at UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF Austin, TX May 21 2007 Manifested (Postage Paid) well its May 23, I still haven't received the item yet. USPS already stopped by today. I'm located in Dallas, TX. So if the package was Manifested on 21 then it should've already arrived here in 2 days, correct? Should I be worried? I understand their system, thing that I don't understand it the how do they update their tracking system. Dates to not match. Manifest happend on May 22, but they still list it as May 21.. why? And it says it finally sent out to USPS(its in Dallas post office) which came up on May 23 night on tracking system but they still put May 21 next to it. Well I still haven't receive the mail yet. I think this is one of the worst service. Why doesn't company just ship it via USPS in first place...

What is UPS Innovations? I am expecting a package shipped via ups innovations so it says on the tracking but I need to know if I will expect the package from a ups driver or by my mailbox.

what is ups mail innovations? i ordered something from urban outfitters and it was sent to ups mail innovations and when i track it, it says it is at shipment acceptance and hasent changed since last friday and it hasent been delivered yet which should have been by now... does this mean my package was lost? or do i have to pick it up myself?

UPS shipping tracking question? So currently the status for my package is "received at UPS Mail Innovations Destination" what does that mean and how long until I get it?

How long does it take ups to deliver an item? I ordered my xbox 360 game and the tracking information says transferred to ups mail innovations destination RPF.How longer will it take to be delivered?

UPS Mail Innovations? Hello, I was suppose to receive my small package on May 2, 2009. I went on UPS Mail Innovation website to track where my package is, and on the bottom it said "Notice Left". Weird thing is, I haven't received any notices on my door or in the mail box. Does this mean that they will try and redeliver it today which is May 4, or do I have to contact them to rearrange for another delivery? Im also wondering if that notice might of been a first notice.

UPS and UPS Mail Innovations? HI I have ordered the Battlefield 1942 Complete Collection PC Game, and a Wall charger for my iPod both on Friday at walmart.com. I recieved an email that they have been shipped...and I noticed that both are being shipped differently. The wall charger is being shipped through UPS, and the game is being shipped through UPS Mail Innovations. Is UPS Mail Innovations JUST for mail??? or can it be for other things...because i am freaking out that they have the wrong package. Also, I cant see my tracking details on the UPS Mail, but can see everything for my wall charger on UPS.com. Will my game be able to come through UPS Mail Innovations? Or did they mess up and it has to come through UPS? Thank you

Is UPS mail innovations slow? I'm waiting on a package from Ohio (I'm in Seattle, Washington) and I noticed that the delivery service listed was UPS Mail Innovations. I've never heard of it so I looked it up and saw quite a few number of complaints. Have any of you used this service? Did you have any complaints? On the tracking info site, my package was listed as "transferred to UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF" on March 27 and on the same date, it is listed as "manifested", both in Auburn, Washington. Does this mean it'll be coming soon?

UPS mail innovations taking too long? I bought a game from newegg.com and used the free "egg saver" shipping (UPS mail inno.) Here's the Tracking info as of Feb 14: TRACK ORDER Weight(Lbs.):0.3654 DateTimeDescriptionLocation 2/1/201011:00 PMMail Retrieved From Customer 2/1/2010Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPFAtlanta, GA 2/2/20101:21 AMProcessed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPFAtlanta, GA 2/2/20106:38 AMManifested (Postage Paid) 2/2/201012:35 PMEntered USPS Facility - SCFATLANTA, GA 2/2/20106:43 AMELECTRONIC SHIPPING INFO RECEIVEDATLANTA,GA 2/2/201012:49 PMSHIPMENT ACCEPTANCEATLANTA,GA As it says, it was shipped from Tennessee and i live in Georgia. Its been 2 weeks and it seems that its been sitting in Atlanta. This shouldn'tt be taking so long since Georgia is right next to Tennessee. The first week had perfect weather and was sunny. The end of the second week had a bit of snow and wind, but not anything that should affect mail.

UPS question about my shipping? I orderd Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII from Toys 'R' Us and chose standerd shipping and UPS tracking says "Transferred to UPS Mail Innovations Destination" what does that mean?

ups mail innovations?RPF? i ordered a jersey from the nflshop and it is being shipped by ups mail innovations.i live in san fransisco and when i tracked it said transferred to ups mail innovation destination RPF in san leandro.What does RPF mean?

UPS Mail Innovations- What now? I ordered a dress online and it's being shipped to me via UPS MI. It's gone from Atlanta, GA to San Leandro, CA over night (its coming to Fresno, CA). but has been sitting in a facility (I guess one of those processing ones) for 2 days now. However USPS says it has "Received electronic shipping info". That basically means that UPS told them my package was going over there but according to the tracking info my package is still in San Leandro... Does this mean it will arrive in a Fresno Post Office soon or what? Events below. Date/TimeEvent NameLocation Jun 15 2011 10:25AMELECTRONIC SHIPPING INFO RECEIVEDFRESNO,CA   DateDescriptionLocation Jun 15 2011Received at UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPFSan Leandro, CA Jun 14 2011Transferred to UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPFSan Leandro, CA Jun 13 2011Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPFAtlanta, GA Jun 13 2011Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPFAtlanta, GA Jun 13 2011Mail Retrieved From Shipper

What is going on with my UPS shipment? Confused by tracking :-(? 12/5/2011 Mail Retrieved From Customer 12/5/2011 Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF Logan Township, NJ 12/5/2011 11:23 PM Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF Logan Township, NJ 12/6/2011 9:36 AM Transferred to UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF Carol Stream, IL 12/7/2011 6:50 AM Received at UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF Carol Stream, IL 12/7/2011 8:44 AM Manifested (Postage Paid) 12/7/2011 12:18 PM ELECTRONIC SHIPPING INFO RECEIVED PORTAGE,WI I ordered a product from someone and it has not updated in two days. The city of Portage is about 20 miles away from me... Why does it say electronic shipping information received? Doesn't it normally say that when a package is shipped initially? Also isn't it manifested from the start? Postage paid? Wasn't the postage paid from the start? What is going on? I need my computer part -_-

When will my UPS mail innovations package arrive? 9102900006021104180266 is my tracking number. I live in zip code 75056 Austin, TX, United States 07/28/2011Package received for sort by destination UPS Mail Innovations facility Atlanta, GA, United States 07/26/2011Package transferred to destination UPS Mail Innovations facility 07/26/2011Package processed by UPS Mail Innovations origin facility Atlanta, GA, United States 07/25/2011Package received for processing by UPS Mail Innovations

UPS Mail Innovations Question? I had walmart ship me an mp3 player three days ago. their website says it was shipped on ups mail innovations and had a package id number. I went to track it and it just says that the shipping info was unavailable at this time. Has this ever happened to anyone before? Will i get my package?

When should my UPS package get delivered to my house? I'm very anxious to get my package! Here's the info from the UPS tracking website, the package should be delivered to McKinney, TX Date/TimeEvent NameLocation Jul 25 2011 08:26AMELECTRONIC SHIPPING INFO RECEIVEDCOPPELL,TX DateDescriptionLocation Jul 25 2011Received at UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPFAustin, TX Jul 23 2011Transferred to UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPFAustin, TX Jul 22 2011Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPFGroveport, OH Jul 22 2011Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPFGroveport, OH Jul 22 2011Mail Retrieved From Shipper Any comments or answers are greatly appreciated! Thanks!

Which type of shipping to chose? I'm new to this....? I'm ordering skins for my cell phone from skinit.com and I need to know which kind of shipping I should chose. As I said above I am new to this ordering online/shipping thing. The site gives me four choices: UPS Innovations (Tracking) - $0.00 UPS Ground (Delivery Confirmation) - $8.06 UPS 2nd Day Air (Delivery Confirmation) - $25.80 UPS Next Day Air Saver (Delivery Confirmation) - $52.42 Which should I chose AND WHY?? ps - My order is above $40 so I get shipping for free. Thanks so much!!

UPS Mail Innovation sucks? I don't understand it. It's taking forever, I Ordered stuff from Urban Outfitters a week ago from today, yeah the holiday messed it up but whatever. Their tracking sucks sooo bad. They don't have times. It RARELY updates. The UPS tracking tells you exact MINUTES and exactly WHERE it is. Apparently my stuff went from Atlanta Georgia to Connecticut in a day THAT'S 17 HOURS. It's only two hours from my house now don't you think it would be here today? nope. The stupid thing says exactly what it did yesterday, MY STUFF WENT NO WHERE TODAY? I hate this so much.

A UPS question about shipping? So, I'm getting a bathingsuit via UPS, and on the tracking website, it says today's date and "Transferred to UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF" like 20 minutes away from where I live does that mean I'm most likely getting it tomorrow?

Help with UPS Delivery? So I ordered something online and I've been tracking it with the tracking number on the UPS website. They haven't updated it in days, the scheduled delivery date was yesterday and it didn't come. Here's what it says. INDIANAPOLIS, IN, United States 08/12/2011 12:55 P.M. Package routed to wrong local post office. Package will be transferred to correct post office for delivery. 08/12/2011 12:54 P.M. Received by the local post office UPS Mail Innovations Shipment Progress Location Date Activity INDIANAPOLIS, IN, United States 08/11/2011 Package transferred to local post office 08/11/2011 Postage Paid/Ready for destination post office entry Groveport, OH, United States 08/10/2011 Package received for sort by destination UPS Mail Innovations facility Edgewood, NY, United States 08/10/2011 Package transferred to destination UPS Mail Innovations facility Edgewood, NY, United States 08/09/2011 Package processed by UPS Mail Innovations origin facility 08/09/2011 Package received for processing by UPS Mail Innovations

What innovations have been recently introduced which may threaten our concept of privacy? for example: facebook google earth tracking(people track stuff like credit cards or mykis to obtain information about whereabouts. good or bad?) (sometimes there are even tracking devices implanted in clothes so companies can find out what kind of places consumers go to - so they can set up shops in places?) this is for an essay thanks :)

How do i track my package now? I was tracking my package on UPS.com and it was going fine for a couple days then it said "Your mail piece has been transferred from UPS Mail Innovations to the United States Postal Service." and now i have no idea what to do and i feel like it should be here by now.

Will it arrive today? So, I preordered Halo: Reach from walmart in like... July. I got an email yesterday saying it had shipped at about 5:30. The UPS tracking says this September 13 2010 Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin September 13 2010 Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin September 13 2010 Mail Retrieved from Shipper. Walmart Tracking says its shipped and should arrive between September 14, 2010 and September 14, 2010. So I was just wondering if it will come in today. Yea Vertex nice except I don't have a mailman, I have a Post Office xD Vortex w/e

Package info has not been updated for awhile? I'm waiting for two items (sheet music books) that are coming in the mail but the UPS tracking hasn't been updated in awhile. What could be the issue? I also ordered more sheet music before. Could it the first set is being held till they get the second?: Jul 27 2011 Transferred to UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF Durham, NC Jul 26 2011 Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF San Leandro, CA Jul 26 2011 Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF San Leandro, CA Jul 26 2011 Mail Retrieved From Shipper

Can a mailman refuse to give you your mail if you are standing right there as he puts it in the mailboxes? I ordered a christmas gift online through UPS. The tracking number stated it was delivered, but I did not see the package in the lobby ( since it's a secured building packages are usually left in the lobby.) I didn't see the package there so I called UPS to report that it shows status delivered but I don't see it in the lobby. They said they have UPS Innovations mail and it was sent to the local post office of USPS. So now I called USPS, the clerk who answered was rude and said to call back in the morning. So I call back in the morning to speak directly to the mail carrier and he stated, I delivered the package and left it in the lobby. If it's missing, not my problem. So the next day, at 3pm I saw the mail carrier and politely asked him where exactly did he leave it in the lobby. He was really rude and just shrugged me off while he was putting in mail in the multiple mailboxes ( it's an apartment building.) While the main mailbox door was open (the kind where you can see all the mail from everyone) I noticed my package was stuffed into the mail box (to my relief) and asked him if I could have the package right now. He stated rudely, "I don't know who you are." So I said I can run back upstairs to my apartment and grab my driver's license. He then rudely ignored me and said I can't give you your mail without the mailbox key and you can open the box yourself. So I stated my roomate has the key but that is my package. He then refused and said to talk to the property manager. Was what he did right? I was willing to prove I was the recipent with my driver's license. I will never work with USPS ever again if it can be avoided and stick to FedEx. To the 2nd answer, that doesn't make any sense how you state you should be glad he protected the mail when he just stated and initially stated prior to seeing the actual package in the mailbox that it was initially left in the lobby? So why did the local post office lie and say that the packages were left in the lobby? Why do they leave packages in the lobby and not have anyone formally sign for it, stating it's okay to leave the packages out in the lobby because it's a secured building. He could've just said instead that it is inside the mailbox instead of lying that he left it in the lobby and for me to get terrified it's stolen. Ridiculous. Most of the answers don't make any sense? Doesn't anyone ever read anymore? I already stated it was initially supposed to be through UPS and IS A package that is SUPPOSED TO BE SIGNED FOR. The USPS carrier LIED and stated it was LEFT IN THE LOBBY. How is that SECURE and PROTECTING MY PACKAGE if he LIED and said it was LEFT IN THE LOBBY ONLY for me to find out RIGHT IN FRONT OF MY EYES AS the mail box was OPEN THAT IT WAS SHOVED IN THE MAILBOX.

Package tracking..ELECTRONIC SHIPPING INFO RECEIVED? please help? I ordered Modern Warfare 2 from Walmart.com and chose standard shipping. so far it has said... Nov 9 2009Mail Retrieved From Shipper Nov 9 2009Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPFWindsor, CT Nov 9 2009Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPFWindsor, CT Nov 10 2009Transferred to UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPFAustin, TX Nov 11 2009Received at UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPFAustin, TX and then Nov 11 2009 09:13AMELECTRONIC SHIPPING INFO RECEIVED AUSTIN,TX what does ELECTRONIC SHIPPING INFO RECEIVED mean? Where is my package? also i am in Austin, TX if that helps.

What does ready for post office entry mean? I ordered some clothes online and was tracking it on UPS but I have no idea what it means. Nov 26 2011Ready for post office entry Nov 25 2011Package processed by Mail InnovationsSan Leandro, CA Nov 25 2011Package received for processing San Leandro, CA Nov 23 2011Shipment information received

When will Deathly Hallows Part 2 from Wal-Mart arrive? I pre-ordered Deathly Hallows Part 2 from Wal-Mart, and just received an email notification that it shipped today. I am wondering how long this normally takes? It's not available for tracking yet, so I wanted to get some idea based on other people's experiences with items shipped from Wal-Mart. The shipping confirmation states that it was shipped via UPS Mail Innovations, if that matters. Thanks for any help!

what does this statement mean? What does this mean this came up when i was tracking my package. Your mail piece has been transferred from UPS Mail Innovations to the United States Postal Service.

Will my package come today? (UPS)? So I've requested a package around august 28th and today is August 3rd. I've been tracking the package online. Here is what it says. Aug 3 2011 8:38AMPackage out for post office delivery*****, IA Aug 3 2011 8:28AMPackage Sorted by local post office*****, IA Aug 2 2011 3:32PMReceived by the local post office ******, IA DateDescriptionLocation Jul 30 2011Ready for post office entry Jul 30 2011Package received by dest MI facilityKansas City, MO Jul 29 2011Package transferred to dest MI facilityDurham, NC Jul 28 2011Package processed by Mail InnovationsDurham, NC Jul 28 2011Package received for processingDurham, NC Jul 29 2011Shipment information received I saw the UPS man come by my house but didn't stop, my dreams died there....Then an hour later i saw the mailman come by my house, but no package, i died on the inside =[.....So when will i get it??? thanks!

How long will it take to receive my order? I ordered two DVDs from walmart.com. They were shipped out February 3rd. I paid for the standard shipping (The second to cheapest shipping). It said that it will be sent by Mail Innovations. When I tracked my order, this is what came up: DateDescriptionLocation Feb 07 2011Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPFAustin, TX Feb 07 2011Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPFAustin, TX Feb 07 2011Mail Retrieved From Shipper So, when will I get my order? And how will it come? Will it come by UPS or by regular mail? By the way, I live in Pennsylvania.

package i ordered on amazon? i ordered something on amazon on like saturday i think and i was wondering wen do u think it will arrive at my house. I live in Fayetteville, NC and it said its in durham i think not sure. well if this helps heres the tracking history... Location May 17 2011 Transferred to UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF Durham, NC May 16 2011 Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF San Leandro, CA May 16 2011 Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF San Leandro, CA May 16 2011 Mail Retrieved From Shipper omg now im mad cuz of ur answer.

My Walmart package hasn't arrived? I ordered a package from Walmart and it shipped Last thursday and my account says it will be here between 10/4 and 10/6 and it hasn't showed up. It shipped Via UPS mail innovations so its going to be coming in the mail and it has no tracking on it. How long should I wait before I call Walmart about it? I know USPS can be quite slow so i'm not gonna call right away so they still have time to bring it late.

(USPS question)Ordered from Costco, shipping from San Leandro to San Diego (both CA), anyone know average time? I ordered a compact flash for my dslr from Costco last Thursday, they said it should take 7-10 business days to deliver. This is what the tracking looks like atm: ate/TimeEvent NameLocation Feb 08 2011 07:01PMSHIPMENT ACCEPTANCESAN DIEGO,CA Feb 08 2011 10:36AMELECTRONIC SHIPPING INFO RECEIVEDSAN DIEGO,CA DateDescriptionLocation Feb 08 2011Entered USPS Facility - SCFSAN DIEGO, CA Feb 08 2011Manifested (Postage Paid) Feb 08 2011Received at UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPFFontana, CA Feb 08 2011Transferred to UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPFFontana, CA Feb 07 2011Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPFSan Leandro, CA Feb 07 2011Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPFSan Leandro, CA Feb 07 2011Mail Retrieved From Shipper I guess my main question is, the package has been in SD since the 8th, but why have they not delivered it yet? Does anyone know how USPS works? Thinking sense, it only makes sense that the package should have been sorted, send to respective local post offices, and I should have received it by now. I'm really hoping it will be here today or tomorrow. Please let me know! It just doesn't make sense since the package has been in my area for the past few days

How long will it take for my package to arrive? I got the e-mail that confirms that my package has been shipped on 7/11 and when i tracked my order on the UPS website it said this Jul 12 2011 Received at UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF Edgewood, NY Jul 12 2011 Transferred to UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF Edgewood, NY Jul 11 2011 Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF Windsor, CT Jul 11 2011 Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF Windsor, CT Jul 11 2011 Mail Retrieved From Shipper But i still don't know when i will receive it. i am suppose to receive it on Long Island NY

Have you tried that mineral makeup that's all the rage? I have tried Bare Escentuals (yes, that's how it's spelled), also known as Bare Minerals and liked it, but it's impossible to track a purchase after the initial start-up kit. Literally impossible. I ordered something 2 weeks ago and supposedly it's been floating around in Nashville (where I live) since the 6th of Feb. (Some stupid thing they're using called UPS Mail Innovations. Long story, bad idea.) Have you tried a different brand, and if so, do you love it, hate it? Pros and cons? Thanks!!

Does any one here work for Best Buy corporate? I just read an article about a program called ROWE at Best Buy's corporate headquarters. I think they are definitely on the right track. I'm not at all surprised in the record breaking increase in production in employees, retention of employees and morale of employees. It is so true that many jobs can be done from just about anywhere and if you are happy with your job, you will perform better. Who wouldn't be happy if they could work from anywhere at anytime?? Anyone working in an office environment knows that there is a lot of wasted time there. There is alot of wasted time in shuffling paperwork. Technology is changing everyday and we no longer need to sit in a cubicle to get our job done. Kudos to Best Buy! There will be problems, as in every program, but, the benefits will outweigh those problems!! Keep it up and you will transform the working world as we know it!! This is what innovation is all about!

Question about my USPS package? My package from Aerie is being shipped by UPS mail innovations which UPS delivers to the post office the USPS delivers to my house. When I track my package it says it's been received and sorted by the local post office. The most recent update was at 11 am today and it says package out for local post office delivery. Does that mean its on it's way to my house? If it doesn't then what does it mean? It says in previous updates it was already at the local post office, so why isn't it on its way to my house? And at the very top of the UPS tap racking page in green it says in transit by post office

Is it normal for the shipment to go to Utah first from California? I ordered an item online that's in California. I live in Colorado and when I tracked my order, it said it's in Utah and it said "Received at UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF". Is it normal? Will it come to colorado eventually? What does "Received at UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF" mean? nope. it says: Jul 16 2011Received at UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPFWest Valley City, UT Jul 15 2011Transferred to UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPFWest Valley City, UT Jul 14 2011Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPFFontana, CA Jul 14 2011Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPFFontana, CA Jul 14 2011Mail Retrieved From Shipper RPF everywhere..and that's not an abbreviation for where. I live in COLORADO. and it's still in Utah. So I'm wondering if it's waiting to ship to Colorado from Utah since Colorado is right next to Utah.

My package is Dooomed help? I order some clothes from wet seal and i just notice i put the street address & everything right except the wrong zip code! I tracked it down and its sitting in North Carolina. I contacted the clothes company & they said Hi, Thank you for the email. Once an order is shipped and processed, we are not able to make any changes to the order. Here is the tracking # for the order: Is their anything i can do about getting my items shipped too me i have looked under ups mail innovation FAQ & it says supposedly i can't change the address...Any ideas on what i should do?

Why hasn't my package arrived at my house yet? ordered something off of ebay 9 days ago.when i used amazon to order some stuff, i got my products faster than this. the shipper told me that ebay uses ups mail innovations.well it said my package arrived in my city of san antonio on wednesday.it definitely should have arrived by now.all i have to track my package was a sequence number, and it still says my package is in my city san antonio.it says in transit by post office.but why hasn't it arrived yet if it arrived in my city on wednesday?

How to Contact the Customs Department in India? I have an order Shipped from the United States from WWE.com which was shipped on February 10th 2011. Due to a changed International Delivery process, these guys do not generate the Tracking No. for the Shipments to be delivered Outside the United States. Its something called as Mail Innovation by UPS. The time for the delivery was 7 to 14 business days which are over. I contacted the wwe folks and they asked me to get in touch with the Customs here in India and ask if there is any order present by my name and other details. In case the order does not reach by the end of 6 weeks, they'll either re-ship it or would refund my amount whichever i wish for. i believe the re-shipping would again be a pain and hence i would wish to get the refund in that case but i was really looking forward to receiving the order, so if anyone can help me regarding where can i contact the Customs from in India, it would really help a lot.

Somebody. Anybody!! Please help me make a conclusion about the industrial revolution. I want a good conclusion So here is the paragraph i have so far wrote. I have factual information and backround information. Now i have trouble making a conclusion to put this pragraph to an end. plz help me write a well developed conclusion :) The Second Industrial Revolution During the era of the Second Industrial Revolution, which took place during the years of 1865 thru 1910, the U.S. became much more advanced than what it had once been. Some of these innovations include the progression of transportation, communication, and home products. Trends between things such as increasing railroad tracks, telegraph wires, and steel productions occurred during this period. Since telegraph wires and railroad tracks were made of steel, a demand was made for more steel to be produced. In just the time period of 1877 thru 1878, one million or more tons of steel were produced. The most common form of transportation was a simple train ride. As many train stations started opening up, more and more railroad tracks were set. Thousands of miles of railroad tracks were places all over the U.S. Alongside railroads, telegraph wires were installed. The most advanced type of communication made by Samuel mores and modified by many other inventors was the telegraph. The telegraph allowed people to communicate from far distances. In order for all of the U.S. and other nations to communicate, thousands of miles of telegraph wire needed to be installed. As much as 850 thousand miles of telegraph wire were installed in just a year’s time

Which John Force made, or assisted safety breakthroughs are the most innovative? John Force has recently become a visionary in the safety innovations he has either developed on his own, or has assisted in the development of. The question is, which innovation, either dreamed up by Force himself, or one he has assisted in developing, have made the biggest impact? They are as follows: The forward application handbrake: This is so far only available in Funny Car, and is an option only. The handbrake is set in a such a way so that, instead of needing to be pulled toward the driver, it is pushed away from the driver, Force designed this himself during the off season, after his near fatal 2007 crash at Texas Motorplex. The Engine backfire monitor system: This was developed by Force, Kenny Bernstein, and Tony Schumacher, with aid from NHRA's Track Safety Committe, as a direct result of the death of Scott Kalitta, and is a mandatory device in the Nitro burners (Funny Car, and Top Fuel categories) only, when the engine backfires, the fuel pump is shut down, and the parachutes are deployed, the idea behind this was to cut down, if not eliminate the circumstances that led to Kalitta's death. The detachable dashboard: Force helped to develop this with the aid of Don 'The Snake' Prudhomme. The idea is to have quicker access to the driver, rather than to pull him over the dashboard, the dashboard can be separated from the chassis. By merely loosening four wingnuts, the driver can be removed from the car. The high mount cockpit: Developed by Force himself. This places the cockpit more behind, and over the top of the rear wheels, giving the driver an almost unobstructed field of view of the track, the only obstruction to the driver is the very top of the supercharger, which sits lower than the driver himself.

Which ball should I use for Golf? These days will all the new technology coming out I have a hard time keeping track of the new innovations in golf. I have a swing speed of about 95 m.p.h., have steel shafted stiff clubs, and look for soft contact and playability around greens. I previously used the iTour golf ball from Callaway and enjoyed the spin, but always ended up losing at least one every round. If there are any other golf balls that are like the prov1's and the callaways but cheaper I would appreciate any suggestions.

Regarding that "country music" genre that I've heard of one or twice? First, let me just say: There is a certain country artist who is almost universally beloved by rock fans, even those who say that they hate country music. He is well known for playing prisons, a line about "shooting a man in Reno just to watch him die" and his American Recordings of the '90s and '00s, among other things. Please don't mention him here, just because his name has become a cliche. Yes, he's a cool guy, but I've found that discussions about him often deteriorate into fan-boy-ism and Stannery. Anyway, I'd like to share The Carter Family with those of you who are unfamiliar. Cannon Ball Blues - http://www.last.fm/music/The+Carter+Family/Can+the+Circle+Be+Unbroken/Cannon+Ball+Blues Can the Circle Be Unbroken (By and By) - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHio-0Z7yKg On the Rock Where Moses Stood - http://www.last.fm/music/The+Carter+Family/Can+the+Circle+Be+Unbroken/On+the+Rock+Where+Moses+Stood I got this compilation a while back, but I've been re-listening to it lately, and I can't believe how great it is. Maybelle Carter's "scratch" guitar (the coupling of melody on the bass strings with chords strummed higher up) creates was a really wonderful innovation for pop and folk music. I also love the vocals, which are beautifully distant, sort of comparable to "I Will" by The Beatles, some Joy Division, and a very coked-up David Bowie (the non-soul tracks on Station to Station, like the title track and "Wild Is the Wind"). So, what do you think, and who are your favorite country artists? (Barring, well, you know.) BQ: Favorite family bands? Thanks, Jukebox. You've certainly given me quite a lot to look into.

Was the Collins project managed using a "project abandonment" strategy ? A phony incident may have been created. <<In a recent interview, Campbell Soup CEO Douglas Conant defined his mission in taking the helm eight years ago as “to take a ‘bad’ company and lift its performance to ‘extraordinary’ by 2011." In 2001, Campbell was indeed without clear direction and had no innovation strategy. Conant's strategy was simple enough: developing or keeping only products that ranked first or second in three major categories. It’s a strategy that immediately brings to mind the project abandonment strategy employed by former GE CEO Jack Welch. And it’s the project abandonment strategy Peter Drucker delivered to Welch and GE’s board of directors shortly after Welch took the reins of the then vastly diversified and bloated company. Leading Project Abandonment Practitioners Interestingly, but perhaps not surprisingly, Conant lists Drucker and Jim Collins as his favorite management thinkers. Most people familiar with the work of these two gentlemen know of their connection through the story of how Collins drove to Drucker’s home in Claremont, California, to seek some career advice. Collins, commenting on Conant’s selling the Godiva chocolate brand in 2008, said “That gets my attention, when someone has the discipline to let go of what doesn’t fit.” The Benefits of Effective Project Abandonment What all of these individuals share is the subtractive mindset and a belief in the power and discipline of a “stop-doing” project abandonment strategy. In the throes of his early post-Stanford Business School career at Hewlett-Packard, Collins’ favorite former professor reproached him for a lack of discipline. An expert in creativity and innovation, she told him his hard-wired energy level was riding over his mental clarity, enabling a busy yet unfocused life. Her words rang true; at the time, Collins was aggressively chasing his carefully-set stretch goals for the year, confident in his ability to accomplish them. Still, his life was crowded with the commotion of a fast-tracking career. Her comment made him pull up short and re-examine what he was doing. To help, she did what great teachers do, constructing a lesson in the form of an assignment she called “20-10”: Imagine that you’ve just inherited $20 million free and clear, but you only have 10 years to live. What would you do differently—and specifically, what would you stop doing? How would you practice project abandonment? Effective Project Abandonment Will Change a Process for the Better The exercise did precisely what it was intended to do—make Collins stop and think about what mattered most to him. It was a turning point. First, he realized he’d been racing down the wrong track, spending enormous energy on the wrong things. In fact, he woke up to the fact that he hated his job. He promptly began his project abandonment strategy by quitting and headed back to Stanford to launch a new career of research, teaching and writing. He would later visit Drucker seeking counsel on the ins and outs of this new direction. Effective Project Abandonment Means Choosing What is Important in the Big Picture The assignment became a constant reminder of just how important and precious his time is. He now starts each year by choosing what not to do; and each of his to-do lists always includes “stop-doing” items. Collins preaches his practice, impressing upon his audiences that they absolutely must have a “stop-doing” project abandonment list to accompany their to-do lists. As a practical matter, he advises developing a strong discipline around first giving careful thought to prioritizing goals and objectives, then eliminating the bottom 20 percent of the list and abandons those projects…forever. Project Abandonment Done Well Leads to Success The strategy helped Collins identify which factors led the companies he was studying to become “great” while others remained merely “good.” The great companies routinely eliminated activities and pursuits that did not significantly contribute to the following criteria: profit, passion and perfection. Profit meant engaging in only the activities that would result in value for both the company and the customer. Passion meant having a sense of noble purpose beyond just making money. And perfection meant focusing on flawlessly executing each task in such a way as to make the competition irrelevant. All three criteria had to be met in order for any activity to remain in these great companies’ repertoires. Jim Collins made the “stop doing” argument in an eloquent 2003 year-end essay appearing in USA Today: “A great piece of art is composed not just of what is in the final piece, but equally what is not. It is the discipline to discard what does not fit—to cut out what might have already cost days or even years of effort—that distinguishes the truly exceptional artist and marks the ideal piece of work, be it a symphony, a novel, a painting, a company, or most important of all, a life.” The subt

how would you summarize this article, because i dont get it? A new global fund that invests in the world's top clean-energy companies is to be launched in Canada today by Criterion Investments Ltd., which sees huge opportunity in efforts to "de-carbonize" the environment. Ian McPherson, president of Criterion, an affiliate of VenGrowth Asset Management Inc. of Toronto, said clean energy has matured beyond being a niche sector that until recently could only be tapped by seeking out and placing bets on individual companies. "The sector has matured; it's no longer nascent," said McPherson. "You have very strong capital flows and now there's some investment management talent in the area, whereas historically there's been a real shortage." The timing is right to launch a managed fund, he said. "It's on people's radar screens. Clean energy has more mainstream acceptance." The company is billing the RRSP-eligible Criterion Global Clean Energy Fund as the first Canadian fund of its kind focused on the clean-energy theme. Geneva-based Pictet Asset Management SA is investment adviser for the "high-risk" fund, which the Swiss company launched in May and is currently available throughout Europe and parts of Asia. Phillipe de Weck, senior fund manager from Pictet, said in a phone interview from Geneva that concern over climate change and a worldwide drive to reduce greenhouse gases, backed by ambitious government targets and incentives, has primed the sector for long-term growth. "We believe it will outperform the economy as a whole," he said, pointing out that the fund has jumped 7 per cent in its first four months compared to a drop of 2 per cent on the MSCI World Index, which measures the performance of market indices in 23 developed countries. "We're at the phase where policymakers have set targets, and now they have to move to the next stage where regulations are needed to move to those targets," he added. "We want to take advantage of that, and we think it's a long-term trend. The transition to clean energy is a trend that will last our lifetime." The fund was most recently invested in 59 companies, about 40 per cent located in the United States. Top 10 holdings included wind giants Gamesa and Vestas, and solar suppliers Suntech Power and Q-Cells. Three Canadian companies are currently in the fund: hydropower developer Plutonic Power of Vancouver; wind and hydro developer Canadian Hydro Developers Inc. of Calgary; and Westport Innovations Inc., a developer of natural gas and hydrogen combustion engines in Vancouver. De Weck said natural gas fits within the theme because it's an important "transition fuel" to clean energy, though the fund doesn't invest in nuclear power technologies or providers. "The safety and waste issues are still unresolved," he said. "Yes, there are plans for more nuclear, but let's be realistic. We've been in a nuclear winter in terms of skills and expertise. We haven't had that brain influx in the field and we simply don't have the experience." Nicholas Parker, co-founder and chairman of the Cleantech Group, a provider of research and investor services targeted at the clean technology sector, predicted the Criterion fund would be received well in Canada. "Canadian retail and institutional investors have been underserved in this space relative to their European and American counterparts, so I think this is going to meet demand," he said. Parker's group launched a Cleantech Index in partnership with the American Stock Exchange last year that tracks more than 70 publicly traded U.S. companies in the sector. He said his main concern is that the Criterion fund is focused on clean energy and excludes technologies aimed at cleaning up water and soil, reducing waste and creating "green" materials. Limiting the fund to just energy makes it more volatile, he argued. "Which is why we're advocating the broader cleantech space." Last October, PowerShares Capital Management LLC launched an exchange-traded fund (ETF) based on the Cleantech Index. Like most ETFs, the fees are more affordable than managed funds – for example, 0.7 per cent for the PowerShares fund compared to between 2.65 per cent and 2.75 per cent for the Criterion fund, which is near average for the mutual fund industry. McPherson said the Criterion fund adds value by being actively managed. "Our portfolio manager will be trading to take a view on valuation, whereas those ETFs are a static portfolio for certain periods of time and don't take into account if something is undervalued or overvalued as an index." So far, however, the passively managed PowerShares fund, while traded in U.S. dollars and vulnerable to foreign exchange exposure, is performing well – it's up more than 20 per cent since its launch 11 months ago. Since mid-May, when the Pictet fund was launched in Europe, the PowerShares fund has increased nearly 9 per cent.

Why does this happen to me? hi friends... just wanted to get a little confidence on my abilities so I am throwing this question at you all. I do not follow set standards and conventional thinking. I am a bit quirky. My sense of humor can get a bit off the track sometimes because I like innovation and lateral thinking, saying something which is different and fresh but I always try to relate my humor to the situation and sometimes it is very good. But this also makes me nervous that I might say something wrong or something unfunny. That nervousness makes me uncomfortable with others and has the same effect on them also just my delusion. I dont have many friends and I am not very talkative but I want to talk and make a lot of friends so that I can enjoy with them, go to movies,etc... people who can understand me and I am comfortable with them. I have seen people writing just hi,, on facebook and getting enough likes and comments. But no matter how hard I try and how good my status message is, nobody cares (perhaps cuz it's not the message but who has put up the message matters more, perhaps the bond between the people is strong...is it?) And finally, when someone makes a good joke or a comment on someone, does it come to your mind that had you said that instead of that someone it would have been great. Now cuz that good comment didnt come to your mind, your sense of humor is poor just cuz you couldnt think like that cool guy? Or you thought of something which you believe is inferior to the good joke/quip/wit of that cool person? I know that it will sound very long, corny and eccentric to you but i will really appreciate your time and suggestions, because I have these thoughts coming to mind throughout my life, went to a psychiatrist but dint help. I think I have a very bad and nonsensical humor and anyone who laughs at it is just like me, nobody likes him/her also and so he/she is coming to me--- so I ignore him .... and one who doesnt laugh is cool and everyone likes him.... My question is longer than the Great Wall of China but I hope if someone can cross it and can provide some insightful feedback. Thanks guys...

Is it possible to be "too good" at your job? I'm part of a department that has zero inclination to adopt anything new or innovative. I'm the new guy and while our Executive Manager insists that we need to think outside the box (and I agree with her) our Division Manager is resistant to trying anything new. Making things worse is another department member who is ultimately the one pulling the strings. The Division Manager literally does whatever she tells him to; it's very sad. I've been fighting an uphill battle to jumpstart some much needed innovation (I know this business very well and have a very strong track record of success to back up my ideas) yet my proposals are continually rejected in lieu of sticking with the same tired and failed processes that have our department "in the red." Now I fear that I may be labeled as someone who is "rocking the boat." Should I take the high road and continue to do what I know needs to be done to achieve success or let my colleagues sink our department through sheer laziness?

U.S History help 10 points for best answer!? 7. How did railroads affect western settlement in the late 1800s? They had very little effect on settlement because most work was done through unions. Railroads provided construction jobs and then connected markets throughout the nation. Railroads transported most of the settlers to the West Coast where they started farms. Railroads contributed to the discovery of minerals that brought settlers west. 8. Which group suffered most as a result of western settlement? Swedish immigrants railroad men Native Americans copper miners 9. What two leaders fought at the Battle of Little Bighorn, a victory of sorts for Native Americans? Red Cloud and Wyatt Earp Crazy Horse and Wild Bill Hickok Wovoka and William Cody Sitting Bull and George Custer 10. Which Native American leader is most likely to have said the following? Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Red Cloud Chief Joseph 11. What was the effect of the Dawes Act on Native American tribes? It brought citizenship and equality to Native Americans. It granted land to individual families, but reduced the land available to tribes. It provided extra money to tribes because land in excess of 160 acres per family was sold. It gave Native Americans the means to learn and benefit from farming. 13. What was a common element of the rush to seek western land, timber, gold, and oil? All were abundant, renewable resources. All had been exploited by Native Americans for many years. All were carefully regulated. All had a negative environmental impact. 14. What were two techniques entrepreneurs used to create monopolies? (Points: 3) horizontal and vertical integration stock options and investment bonds trusts and treaties bonds and bank notes 15. What did John D. Rockefeller do to establish Standard Oil as a monopoly? set up a trust bought stock options invested in banks kept discovering oil 16. Which statement describes the beginning of both the steel and oil industries in the United States? The railroads were entirely responsible for the development and growth of both industries. Without government subsidies, neither the steel nor the oil industry would have been established. Strong men were determined to build important new industries by controlling resources and production. Steel and oil both developed as unplanned successes that grew in response to new technology 17. How did railroads influence modern business practices? by forming corporate boards by issuing stocks and bonds by resisting standardization by creating reasonable scheduling expectations 18. How did innovations such as steam power, air brakes, automatic lubricator, and steel tracks affect the railroads? They increased the cost of doing business and reduced profits. They reduced the cost of doing business and hurt profits. They created licensing problems that the government was slow to overcome. They improved the ability of railroads to transport goods safely and efficiently. 19. Why was standardization of tracks and time zones important for railroads? They forced Pullman and others to build cars according to certain standards. They offered greater efficiency in production, safety, and scheduling. They made it possible for towns to lay their own tracks. They reduced competition in the western part of the country. 20. Which two inventors changed agriculture in the 1800s? Joseph Glidden and Elias Howe John Deere and Cyrus McCormick Elijah McCoy and Eli Janney John Mason and James Naismith 21. Which inventor improved techniques for using alternating current to bring electricity to the population at large? Thomas Edison George Westinghouse Nikola Tesla James Watt 22. What two products, in addition to the working light bulb, did Thomas Edison invent? (Points: 3) point-and-shoot camera and typewriter vacuum cleaner and fountain pen phonograph and motion picture camera diesel engine and escalator 23. How did J.P. Morgan's efforts to channel funds into the purchase of corporate stocks and bonds affect corporations? It made them susceptible to monopolies. It brought them under suspicion by the government. It helped them grow. It kept them from growing. 24. What role did cotton, tobacco, and steel play in the South following the Civil War? They raised the possibility of environmental and health concerns. They pushed the South's economy ahead of the North's. They were mainstays in the growth and modernization of the southern economy. They were monopo

Help with UPS, USPS Mail Innovations!? The item I'm waiting for was ordered on Friday, July 29th. A few hours later the company emailed me saying they had shipped my product. Well, it is being shipped from San Diego, CA and I live in Oklahoma City. I tracked the package and on Tuesday (August 2nd) it said the package was being transferred to the post office. I read about other peoples hate for this stupid mail innovations service but they talk about getting a tracking number for the USPS tracking service. I was tracking the package through UPS' part but now I can't track it through USPS because I wasn't given a tracking number for USPS. What should I do? P.S. Here's what it says on UPS Mail Innovations. Aug 2 2011 Package transferred to Post Office OKLAHOMA CITY, OK Aug 1 2011 Ready for post office entry Jul 31 2011 Package received by dest MI facility Austin, TX Jul 30 2011 Package transferred to dest MI facility Fontana, CA Jul 29 2011 Package processed by Mail Innovations Fontana, CA Jul 29 2011 Package received for processing Fontana, CA

Wondering about delivery date of my UPS package? I ordered a package on June 14th or 15th(not entirely sure which one....) anyways, today is June 23rd, and I was told my package would take 3-7 business days before it arrived. It's been 6-7 days already. Can someone explain to me what the tracking information I've been sent means? Here it is: Date Description Location 6/16/2011 10:00:00 AM Mail Retrieved From Customer 6/16/2011 Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF Kansas City, MO 6/16/2011 11:02:00 PM Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF Kansas City, MO 6/17/2011 1:46:18 AM Transferred to UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF Groveport, OH 6/17/2011 6:45:39 PM Received at UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF Groveport, OH 6/18/2011 8:14:00 AM Manifested (Postage Paid) 6/19/2011 1:15:00 PM Entered USPS Facility - BMC MY TOWN, NY Jun 18 2011 8:36AM ELECTRONIC SHIPPING INFO RECEIVED MY TOWN,NY Jun 19 2011 3:48PM SHIPMENT ACCEPTANCE MY TOWN,NY Will my pakage arrive soon? I leave in one day (on the 25th) early in the morning for a week and would really like to bring it with me. If it's not delivered, is it somewhere that I could go pick up? Thanks!

i need help really fast? 14. Which technique was one way Andrew Carnegie dominated the American steel industry in the late 1800s? (Points : 3) union oversight international mergers vertical integration corporate financing 15. What did John D. Rockefeller do to establish Standard Oil as a monopoly? (Points : 3) set up a trust bought stock options invested in banks kept discovering oil 16. Who developed the steel and oil industries in the United States? (Points : 3) J.P. Morgan and Nelson Rockefeller Dale Carnegie and James Duke Gustav Swift and Robert Kraft Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller 17. What important influence did nineteenth-century railroads have on what is today's "corporate America"? (Points : 3) They were the first to raise funds by issuing stocks and bonds. They created an awareness of the importance of transportation. The use of nonstandard materials on railways set an example for other businesses. They stressed the benefit of competition over monopolies. 18. What were two innovations that helped the railroads grow? (Points : 3) telegraph and telephone air brakes and steam power light bulb and hotel cars automatic lubricator and camera 19. Why was standardization of tracks and time zones important for railroads? (Points : 3) They forced Pullman and others to build cars according to certain standards. They offered greater efficiency in production, safety, and scheduling. They made it possible for towns to lay their own tracks. They reduced competition in the western part of the country. 20. Which two inventions changed agriculture in the 1800s? (Points : 3) shearer and milking machine combine and harrow disk and barbed wire reaper and steel plow 21. Which inventor is not correctly paired with his invention? (Points : 3) George Eastman point-and-shoot camera George Westinghouse alternating current Nikola Tesla generator Alexander Graham Bell telegraph 22. Who changed daily life in the United States by inventing a working light bulb? (Points : 3) George Eastman George Westinghouse Nikola Tesla Thomas Edison 23. How did J.P. Morgan's efforts to channel funds into the purchase of corporate stocks and bonds affect corporations? (Points : 3) It made them susceptible to monopolies. It helped them grow. It brought them under suspicion by the government. It kept them from growing. 24. Which were business practices employed by the titans of industry in the late 1800s? (Points : 3) building monopolies and forming trusts developing international cartels and lowering tariffs standardizing production and regenerating crafts integrating vertically and increasing competition 25. What problem did the Interstate Commerce Commission have with the railroads? (Points : 3) There were too many railroads for the ICC to regulate them efficiently. Prices continued to escalate because of regulation. There was difficulty getting illegal practices reported. The railroads used every legal means to avoid regulation. 26. Why was the Sherman Antitrust Act passed? (Points : 3) to put the Rockefellers out of business to show business that the government was in charge to eliminate monopolies, trusts, or any agreement that restrained trade to stimulate new business development through government assistance 27. What was the biggest problem with the legislation that was passed to regulate commerce? (Points : 3) Companies found loopholes in the laws. Regulators did not take their jobs seriously. Lawmakers amended them. The public ignored them.

Is this another first for Scotland? Lead scientist Dr. Fergus McFaddie of the University of Glasgow announced today that alcohol causes memory loss. This is the seventh or eighth time that Dr. McFaddie has made this announcement in the last three years or maybe it has been four. Dr. McFaddie gives much of the credit for his discovery to his college Dr. Watshisname who got his dates mixed up and was not in attendance at the announcement. While much alcohol research has taken place unofficially over the years by individuals and football clubs now thanks to the Scots there is a comprehensive document and findings on the subject. According to Dr.McFaddie a major innovation was the creation of a watchamacollit to track the effects of alcohol on subjects over an extended period of time. Dr. McFaddie is proud to say that many of his subjects have gone on to successful careers working in politics and at the BBC though he could not put his finger on anyone in particular at the time. Visibly elated with his discovery Dr. McFaddie had trouble containing his excitement. Often stopping and starting his speech he slurred his words and had to be restrained by several of his colleagues after taking a couple of swings at the University Chancellor. McFaddie is not content with his triumph; he next plans on using his expertise gained in alcohol research to explain beer to women.

History help please?!?!? 12. Which is true of the development of western land, timber, gold, and oil? (Points : 3) All were abundant resources that lasted. All had been part of the Native American way of life. All were carefully regulated. All had a negative environmental impact. 13. What did John D. Rockefeller do to make Standard Oil a monopoly? (Points : 3) set up a trust bought stock options invested in banks kept discovering oil 14. Who developed the oil and steel industries in the United States? (Points : 3) John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie J.P. Morgan and Nelson Rockefeller Robert Kraft and Gustav Swift Dale Carnegie and James Duke 15. What railroad industry practice influenced modern business practices? (Points : 3) forming corporate boards issuing stocks and bonds resisting standardization creating reasonable scheduling expectations 16. Which two innovations helped the railroads grow? (Points : 3) telegraph and telephone air brakes and steam power light bulb and hotel cars automatic lubricator and camera 17. Why were time zones and standardization of tracks important for railroads? (Points : 3) They forced railroad cars to be built according to certain standards. They offered greater efficiency in production, safety, and scheduling. They made it possible for towns to lay their own tracks. They reduced competition in the western part of the country. 18. Why were the reaper and the steel plow important for nineteenth-century agriculture? (Points : 3) They made harvests slower but less expensive. They made farming of new crops in the East possible. They allowed midwestern farmers to raise and maintain production. They reduced yields but cut labor costs. 19. Which inventor improved techniques for alternating current to bring electricity to the population at large? (Points : 3) Thomas Edison George Westinghouse Nikola Tesla James Watt 20. Who changed daily life in the United States by inventing a working light bulb? (Points : 3) George Westinghouse Nikola Tesla Thomas Edison George Eastman 21. Which were profitable industries in a poor southern economy following the Civil War? (Points : 3) cotton, tobacco, and steel cotton, iron, and mining corn, wheat, and cattle cattle, farm equipment, and oil 22. Which was a business practice employed by the titans of industry in the late 1800s? (Points : 3) increasing competition building monopolies developing international cartels encouraging unions 23. What agency was established to regulate rates that railroads charged across the nation? (Points : 3) National Review Board Interstate Commerce Commission Railroad Regulatory Bureau Farm Protection Bureau 24. What legislation was enacted to eliminate monopolies, trusts, or any agreement that restrained trade? (Points : 3) Rockefeller Monopoly Act Chase Trade Restraint Agreement Sherman Antitrust Act Vanderbilt Banking Regulation

Sara Palin Has More Experience? Republicans are saying that Sara Palin has more experience than Obama! Are they stupid! Sara Palin served as Mayor of a town of 6,000 before serving less than two years as governor of a state with the 48th smallest population in the Union. Obama's decisions as a state Senator in Chicago affected more people because Chicago has a larger population than the entire state of Alaska! ALASKA HAS A POPULATION OF 683,000 PEOPLE AND CHICAGO HAS A POPULATION OF 2.8 MILLION. ILLINOIS HAS A POPULATION OF 12.8 MILLION. Exactly what has Sara Palin done as governor? People who claim "she has executive experience" are just undermining McCain. What executive experience does McCain have? He doesn't even have to run his 8 households. Obama served as a State Senator from Chicago for 8 years. As a state legislator, Obama gained bipartisan support for legislation reforming ethics and health care laws. He sponsored a law enhancing tax credits for low-income workers, negotiated welfare reform, and promoted increased subsidies for childcare. Obama has served 44 months as a US Senator and is a member of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. He helped create legislation to control conventional weapons and to promote greater public accountability in the use of federal funds. He also made official trips to Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. During the 110th Congress, he helped create legislation regarding lobbying and electoral fraud, climate change, nuclear terrorism, and care for returned U.S. military personnel. List of Some Major Legislation Sponsored by Obama: Type Number Title or description Status Notes 109 S.1180SAVE Reauthorization Act of 2005IS[6] 109 S.1194Spent Nuclear Fuel Tracking and Accountability ActIS 109 S.1426Drinking Water Security Act of 2005IS 109 S.1630National Emergency Family Locator ActIS[7][8] 109 S.1638Hurricane Katrina Emergency Health Workforce Act of 2005IS[9][8][10] 109 S.1685To ensure the evacuation of individuals with special needs in times of emergency.IS[11][8] 109 S.1770Hurricane Katrina Fast-Track Refunds for Working Families Act of 2005 IS 109 S.1920Renewable Diesel Standard Act of 2005IS[12][13] 109 S.1975Deceptive Practices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act of 2005IS 109 S.2045Health Care for Hybrids ActIS[14] 109 S.2047Healthy Communities Act of 2005IS 109 S.2048Lead Free Toys Act of 2005IS 109 S.2125Democratic Republic of the Congo Relief, Security, and Democracy Promotion Act of 2005RS[15][16] 109 S.2149STEP UP Act of 2005IS 109 S.2154To provide for the issuance of a commemorative postage stamp in honor of Rosa Parks.IS 109 S.2179CLEAN UP ActIS 109 S.2201Federal Aviation Administration Fair Labor Management Dispute Resolution Act of 2006IS 109 S.2247Federal Employees Health Benefits Program Efficiency Act of 2006IS 109 S.2257Hurricane Katrina Working Family Tax Relief Act of 2006IS 109 S.2259Congressional Ethics Enforcement Commission Act of 2006IS 109 S.2261Transparency and Integrity in Earmarks Act of 2006IS 109 S.2280STOP FRAUD ActIS 109 S.2286Equality for Two-Parent Families Act of 2006IS 109 S.2319Hurricane Katrina Recovery Act of 2006IS 109 S.2348Nuclear Release Notice Act of 2006RS 109 S.2358VA Hospital Quality Report Card Act of 2006IS 109 S.2359Hospital Quality Report Card Act of 2006IS 109 S.2441Innovation Districts for School Improvement ActIS 109 S.2446American Fuels Act of 2006IS 109 S.2484Protecting Taxpayer Privacy ActIS 109 S.2506Healthy Places Act of 2006IS 109 S.2984FILL UP ActIS[14] 109 S.3155To suspend temporarily the duty on RSD 1235.IS 109 S.3156To suspend temporarily the duty on N6-Benzyladenine.IS 109 S.3157To suspend temporarily the duty on MCPB acid and MCPB sodium salt. IS 109 S.3158To suspend temporarily the duty on 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, salts, and esters.IS 109 S.3159To suspend temporarily the duty on gibberellic acid.IS 109 S.3160To suspend temporarily the duty on triphenyltin hydroxide.IS 109 S.3161To suspend temporarily the duty on certain sebacic acid.IS 109 S.3162To suspend temporarily the duty on bromoxynil octonoate.IS 109 S.3163To extend temporarily the suspension of duty on certain epoxy molding compounds.IS 109 S.3243To suspend temporarily the duty on metsulfuron-methyl.IS 109 S.3244To suspend temporarily the duty on dichlorprop-p acid, dichlorprop-p dimethylamine salt, and dichlorprop-p 2-ethylhexyl ester.IS 109 S.3245To suspend temporarily the duty on 2,4-DB Acid and 2,4-DB Dimethylamine Salt.IS 109 S.3249To suspend temporarily the duty on metsulfuron-methyl.IS 109 S.3250To suspend temporarily the duty on 2,4-DB Acid and 2,4-DB Dimethylamine Salt.IS 109 S.3251To suspend temporarily the duty on dichlorprop-p acid, dichlorprop-p dimethylamine salt, and dichlorp

Can Someone please correct this essay for me? This is the Question:what are your ambiton and how does it relate to the course (business administration)and why do you want to study in Norway? please correct it for me i really need a good grade for me to be admitted in the Univeristy. I am very pleased to apply for this application opportunity given to me by your great university because of it's land mark,track record,the development of the social well-being of its student to the effect of the society at large and it's high quality of education that offers the opportunity of meeting,associating with people from all over the world.It will be of a great honour to be associated in your university. To me school is about life experience because it will give me a decent living and more knowledge.university is pretty much compulsory because it will open my mind up to the world around me and which will improve myself and make me more prepared for the future world career in promoting diversity. I am 22years old female candidate' from a developed country in the European region(Italy).I have applied to your university into Business administration because it has a whole lot of benefit to me and the public which play an important role in the society,i have developed interest in business since my secondary school years and i want to be successful in business project.All organisations in business today are able to stand the storm of competitive global market because of good business strategy informations.My dream is to become an expertise in the field where i am working as a successful business manager in the very next future,to take up challenges each time and to revive myself and add value to the company and constantly update myself with the latest technologies to move up in ladder and also to pursue a MBA degrees,i would achieve this through observations,practices,innovations and in dedication.furthermore my ambition is to work hard and gain more experience and win theconfidence of my company and to become the best professional in my field "i believe in hardwork",Moreover to develop skills required to fulfil my responsibilties toward the organisation thereby improving my efficency in day to day work towards building of efficient organisations with the efforts and involvements.I know it will also give practical entrepreneurial skills and to be able to handle my personal business in the future because i have a dream to operate my own business project/organization later in life in opening job opportunities for those in need.I will be very grateful for a dream come true that i become a successful business professional,and womanhood will also be grateful that an African girl can posses the quality skills and knoweldge in business administration,my reasons why i want to study in Norway is because studying in a foreign land is one of the best experience one can ever have in a life time to me Norway is a developed country and the universities have good facilities and environment for learning, it has a very rich history in which most of Norwagian universities are education free and also for foreigners who come from outside the European Union,Norway is simply the best place of rich culture and the degrees obtained are globally recognized with these few details i have discovered i know Norway its simply a country that opensdoors for everybody and it's wòrth-living.These are my ambitions in life and why i want to study in Norway. Thanks Vicky and Michele for the replies,well..is just that this is my first time of writting essay and i don't know how to construct it...so that is why i decided to ask for me..Vicky if you think that you can help me pls feel free to do so..thanks

history, in a bit of a snag.? alright well my grandma is in the hospital. and is not going to last very long. so i didnt really have time to grab my books from school and i need to get this task done to get my grade up a little. its due monday. i got some of the questions done but these 20 questions i couldnt get. and i need them to be done or els i will probly fail..... so can any of you please help me? 1 Marks: 1 In the late 1800s, a second period of industrial growth was spurred by Choose one answer. a. The invention of the airplane. b. The creation of department stores. c. Developments in processing oil and steel. d. The growth of labor unions. Question 2 Marks: 1 The development of the horseless carriage was spurred by Choose one answer. a. Thomas Edison’s experiments in electricity. b. Technology developed by the Wright brothers. c. The rise of corporations. d. Innovations in oil refining. Question 3 Marks: 1 The spread of the telephone required ______________, thus providing new jobs for many women. Choose one answer. a. Engineers b. Operators c. Line repair workers d. Insurance Question 4 Marks: 1 Thomas Edison went into the “invention business” by Choose one answer. a. Proposing that the U.S. Congress grant patents. b. Opening up a hardware store. c. Opening a laboratory and doing research. d. Teaching a course in electricity at a local college. Question 5 Marks: 1 In a ___________, organizers raise money by selling partial ownership of a company to stockholders, who then receive a percentage of the company’s profits. Choose one answer. a. Communist state b. Labor union c. Corporation d. Department store Question 6 Marks: 1 A trust may become a monopoly if it Choose one answer. a. Gains exclusive control of an industry. b. Reduces the cost of production. c. Develops company towns. d. Pays dividends to stockholders. Question 7 Marks: 1 Some wealthy industrialists, such as Andrew Carnegie, believed that the rich had a responsibility to Choose one answer. a. Give money away on the street. b. Give their wealth to society before their death. c. Reinvest their money. d. Employ many African Americans. Question 8 Marks: 1 A year of labor unrest was known as Choose one answer. a. The Haymarket Riot. b. The Great Upheaval c. The Gospel of Wealth d. The Trail of Tears Question 9 Marks: 1 The Sherman Anti-Trust Act outlawed Choose one answer. a. All labor unions b. All monopolies and trusts c. The hiring of foreign workers d. Child labor. Question 10 Marks: 1 Mary Harris Jones (“Mother Jones”) was called “the most dangerous woman in America by some opponents because Choose one answer. a. Her methods were violent. b. She encouraged workers to file lawsuits. c. Her drive to educate and organize workers was so effective. d. She led a raid on a garment shop in Philadelphia. Question 11 Marks: 1 The availability of cheaper steel led to all of the following developments in railroads EXCEPT Choose one answer. a. The transcontinental railroad. b. Trunk lines. c. Miles of new track. d. Slower trains. Question 12 Marks: 1 Elijah McCoy’s patent on a lubricating oil cup Choose one answer. a. Let others use his invention for free. b. Protected his rights to make, sell, and use the invention. c. Meant that no one else could use the invention. d. Left him poor. Question 13 Marks: 1 The telephone was invented by Choose one answer. a. Thomas Edison b. Lewis Latimer c. Alexander Graham Bell d. Charles and J. Frank Duryea Question 14 Marks: 1 The Wright Brothers designed one of the world’s first Choose one answer. a. Automobiles. b. Airplanes. c. Telegraph systems. d. Telephones. Question 15 Marks: 1 Written communication was enhanced in 1867 with the invention of the Choose one answer. a. Pencil. b. Pictograph. c. Fountain pen. d. Typewriter. Question 16 Marks: 1 ________________ was an early railroad tycoon. Choose one answer. a. Cornelius Vanderbilt b. Andrew Carnegie c. Samuel Gompers d. John D. Rockefeller Question 17 Marks: 1 ___________________ made his money in the steel industry. Choose one answer. a. Cornelius Vanderbilt b. Andrew Carnegie c. Samuel Gompers d. John D. Rockefeller Question 18 Marks: 1 ________________ were created to satisfy the purchasing needs of people in large urban areas. Choose one answer. a. Monopolies b. Trusts c. Department stores d. Corporations Question 19 Marks: 1 Early forms of advertising were geared more towards women for the following reasons EXCEPT Choose one answer. a. Women were seen as more nurturing. b. Women did more of the shopping. c. Women were the primary wage earners. d. Women were perceived as m

UC Personal Statement Essay: Any Suggestions? Okay so i wrote this a couple weeks ago and turned it in to my AP English teacher. Other than a few grammatical errors, she said it well written and gave me a 30/30. I just want a second opinion on the context of the essay. Any suggestions will be appreciated! #1) Describe the world you come from — for example, your family, community or school — and tell us how your world has shaped your dreams and aspirations. #2) Tell us about a personal quality, talent, accomplishment, contribution or experience that is important to you. What about this quality or accomplishment makes you proud and how does it relate to the person you are Most individuals use the term “world” to describe their place of being, or from where they originate. I, on the other hand, find a more figurative interpretation meaning “one’s life” and what he/she has done to shape it. Throughout my life I have believed that it is every human’s duty to contribute something, no matter the size, to the sum of human knowledge, in order to fulfill our collective goal as a species—progress. What significance do we have if we have nothing to show for it? My life, or “world” as one would call it, has shaped my vision to the utmost exactness, and it is my life that will ultimately accomplish my goal of contributing to human understanding. My family, perhaps the largest influence on my life, has inspired me to want to succeed in life, and to eventually lead a life filled with humbleness and satisfaction. My father, in particular, is by far the hardest working man I have ever known, accompanied by a “never give up” attitude. When I was younger, I hadn’t yet developed a work ethic and didn’t care about school. It was he who pushed me through my studies and thus I credit him for giving me a will to work. He is a excellent role model for me, because whenever I was unsure of what to do in any situation, he would give me proper advice and guide me step by step through the process. Also, my mother has cared for me my whole life and has ensured that I am on the track to success. She too serves as an excellent role model through her hard working nature and willingness to help me with any emotional or mental task. Without them, I guarantee that my outlook on life would be radically different, and I would possibly not even consider going to college. One other aspect that has had a major influence on my life is my church, and Christianity as a whole. I can also think of my fellow Christians as my family, because they are always there to support me if I am struggling. Though I am a logically thinking science-oriented person, I have committed my life to Christ and have found great humbleness since then. Through years of research, I have found that science can be used to provide evidence for the existence of an intelligent designer, if not God himself. Consequently, when I do become a respected scientist, I can walk into any laboratory or lecture hall and use science, the father of logic and reason, to make any initial skeptic of religion a believer. I feel that this is God’s obligation for me, and I will some day fulfill it. My family and church, the largest influences on my life, have—to this point—effectively shaped my vision and goals by giving me a support frame on which I can build my life. Without this frame, I would never accomplish my aspirations because I would be lacking the essential qualities to do so. Many such traits that would be essential to my career are: teamwork, leadership, willingness to work, and never giving up. With these developed qualities, I will some day accomplish my dreams and live a fulfilled life. Curiosity is the underlying factor that drives human progress. Without it, humans would never have advanced past the age of stone and caves. It is ultimately the ability to ask why that has led us to make all of our innovations and advancements in all fields. My question that I pose to myself can best be expressed in the words of the great Stephen Hawking: “What is it that breathes fire into the equations [that govern the universe] and makes a universe for them to describe?” Since a young age, the dominant quality I have exhibited is curiosity. I often looked at an appliance or device of some sort and wondered how it worked and what it did; I wanted to know what made things “tick.” It was natural that my constant quizzical nature led me to the field of science, specifically astrophysics. Now I want to know how things function on a larger scale, including quasars, general relativity, pulsars and even the difficult topics such as black hole gravitohydromagnetics. Only by completely understanding these subject matters can I quench my insatiable thirst for knowledge. My dream, simply put, is to obtain a Ph.D. in astrophysics with which I can study the universe, and collaborate with top scientists from around the world. I feel it is my destiny to contribute something to the unfinished “blueprint” that is our universe; this “blu “blueprint” having been drawn by all great physicists including Newton, Einstein and Hawking. While my curiosity is what brought me to science, my talents are what I believe will help me in my future and obtain success in my career. My talents that I have demonstrated most frequently are my: ability to work well under pressure, art, public speaking, and ability to write coherent non-fiction. For instance, I can utilize my skill of writing to publish a book that may inform readers of my research, with all illustrations done by myself. My skill of public speaking could be harnessed to present my research to other physicists, as I won first place in the school-wide speech contest in 8th grade. I know these talents will play an integral part of my career and will help me obtain my goals. Overall, curiosity is my enduring quality and I am proud to have it. My curiosity about life and the world in which we live has sculpted my vision to desire a better understanding of the universe and to want to contribute something to human knowledge. I am satisfied with this ambition, as it gives me a path—perhaps a rather arduous one—in which to take in life, and when accomplished, I will feel completely and utterly satisfied. Neal--if u did some research you would find out that many respected scientists also have room for God...(btw Darwin never talked about human evolution in his experiments because he was religious and didn't want to be excommunicated from the church lol)

american history help please.? alright please help me. i know some questions but others i dont.... i am homeschooled and the books they send you dont have all the answers some are ones that are in class or somthing that your supposed to memorize and i dont remember these ones...... i remembers like 3/4 of them but please help. Marks: 1 In the late 1800s, a second period of industrial growth was spurred by Choose one answer. a. The invention of the airplane. b. The creation of department stores. c. Developments in processing oil and steel. d. The growth of labor unions. Question 2 Marks: 1 The development of the horseless carriage was spurred by Choose one answer. a. Thomas Edison’s experiments in electricity. b. Technology developed by the Wright brothers. c. The rise of corporations. d. Innovations in oil refining. Question 3 Marks: 1 The spread of the telephone required ______________, thus providing new jobs for many women. Choose one answer. a. Engineers b. Operators c. Line repair workers d. Insurance Question 4 Marks: 1 Thomas Edison went into the “invention business” by Choose one answer. a. Proposing that the U.S. Congress grant patents. b. Opening up a hardware store. c. Opening a laboratory and doing research. d. Teaching a course in electricity at a local college. Question 5 Marks: 1 In a ___________, organizers raise money by selling partial ownership of a company to stockholders, who then receive a percentage of the company’s profits. Choose one answer. a. Communist state b. Labor union c. Corporation d. Department store Question 6 Marks: 1 A trust may become a monopoly if it Choose one answer. a. Gains exclusive control of an industry. b. Reduces the cost of production. c. Develops company towns. d. Pays dividends to stockholders. Question 7 Marks: 1 Some wealthy industrialists, such as Andrew Carnegie, believed that the rich had a responsibility to Choose one answer. a. Give money away on the street. b. Give their wealth to society before their death. c. Reinvest their money. d. Employ many African Americans. Question 8 Marks: 1 A year of labor unrest was known as Choose one answer. a. The Haymarket Riot. b. The Great Upheaval c. The Gospel of Wealth d. The Trail of Tears Question 9 Marks: 1 The Sherman Anti-Trust Act outlawed Choose one answer. a. All labor unions b. All monopolies and trusts c. The hiring of foreign workers d. Child labor. Question 10 Marks: 1 Mary Harris Jones (“Mother Jones”) was called “the most dangerous woman in America by some opponents because Choose one answer. a. Her methods were violent. b. She encouraged workers to file lawsuits. c. Her drive to educate and organize workers was so effective. d. She led a raid on a garment shop in Philadelphia. Question 11 Marks: 1 The availability of cheaper steel led to all of the following developments in railroads EXCEPT Choose one answer. a. The transcontinental railroad. b. Trunk lines. c. Miles of new track. d. Slower trains. Question 12 Marks: 1 Elijah McCoy’s patent on a lubricating oil cup Choose one answer. a. Let others use his invention for free. b. Protected his rights to make, sell, and use the invention. c. Meant that no one else could use the invention. d. Left him poor. Question 13 Marks: 1 The telephone was invented by Choose one answer. a. Thomas Edison b. Lewis Latimer c. Alexander Graham Bell d. Charles and J. Frank Duryea Question 14 Marks: 1 The Wright Brothers designed one of the world’s first Choose one answer. a. Automobiles. b. Airplanes. c. Telegraph systems. d. Telephones. Question 15 Marks: 1 Written communication was enhanced in 1867 with the invention of the Choose one answer. a. Pencil. b. Pictograph. c. Fountain pen. d. Typewriter. Question 16 Marks: 1 ________________ was an early railroad tycoon. Choose one answer. a. Cornelius Vanderbilt b. Andrew Carnegie c. Samuel Gompers d. John D. Rockefeller Question 17 Marks: 1 ___________________ made his money in the steel industry. Choose one answer. a. Cornelius Vanderbilt b. Andrew Carnegie c. Samuel Gompers d. John D. Rockefeller Question 18 Marks: 1 ________________ were created to satisfy the purchasing needs of people in large urban areas. Choose one answer. a. Monopolies b. Trusts c. Department stores d. Corporations Question 19 Marks: 1 Early forms of advertising were geared more towards women for the following reasons EXCEPT Choose one answer. a. Women were seen as more nurturing. b. Women did more of the shopping. c. Women were the primary wage earners. d. Women were perceived as more likely to purchase goods for emotional reasons. Question 20 Marks: 1 B

USPS package services? Hi, I am waiting on a package that I have ordered as a birthday gift for someone over a week ago. I have ordered from this place several times before and they have always shipped via UPS. This time, however, they sent it "UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF" and was just transfered and accepted into the us postal service today. I am wondering if anyone has had any experience with this way of shipping, as it says my package is just a few towns over from me as of today but the expected delivery isn't untill friday. On the tracking page it says "Class: Package Services". Does this mean it will take until friday to get here or is that just supposed to be an estimation? Might it come sooner? Thanks so much for any knowledgeable info.

Should Massey Energy be shut down? http://www.foxnews.com/us/2010/04/06/west-virginia-coal-cited-violations/ - AP - April 06, 2010 West Virginia Coal Mine Cited for 600 Violations The disaster at the Upper Big Branch mine has focused attention on the business and safety practices of the owner, Massey Energy, a powerful and politically connected company in Appalachia known for producing big profits, as well as big piles of safety and environmental violations and big damage awards for grieving widows. JULIAN, W.Va. -- The coal mine rocked by an explosion that killed at least 25 workers in the nation's deadliest mining disaster since 1984 had been cited for 600 violations in less than a year and a half, some of them for not properly ventilating methane -- the highly combustible gas suspected in the blast. The disaster at the Upper Big Branch mine has focused attention on the business and safety practices of the owner, Massey Energy, a powerful and politically connected company in Appalachia known for producing big profits, as well as big piles of safety and environmental violations and big damage awards for grieving widows. "There are mines in this country who have operated safely for 20 years," said J. Davitt McAteer, head of the federal Mine Safety and Health Administration in the Clinton administration. "There are mines who take precautions ahead of time. There are mines who spend the money and manpower to do it." He added: "Those mines haven't been blown up." Four other miners were missing and feared dead underground in Monday's blast, believed to have been caused by a buildup of methane, a naturally occurring gas that is odorless and colorless. Last year alone, MSHA cited Upper Big Branch for 495 violations and proposed $911,802 in fines. Production more than tripled during that period, according to federal records. So far this year, the agency has found 105 violations at the mine. Upper Big Branch is one of Massey's biggest underground mines, with more than 200 employees, and it is not uncommon for big coal mines to amass hundreds of violations a year -- and to contest many of them, as Massey does. But most big mines don't have as many serious infractions as Upper Big Branch, industry experts said. At least 50 citations charge the company with "unwarrantable failure" to comply with safety standards such as following an approved ventilation plan, controlling combustible materials or designating escape routes. "I've never seen that many for one mine in a year," said Ellen Smith, editor of Mine Safety & Health News. "If you look at other mines that are the same size or bigger, they do not have the sheer number of `unwarrantable' citations that this mine has." Massey has had problems elsewhere, too. In 2006, two miners were killed in a fire at Massey's Aracoma Alma No. 1 mine. Massey settled a wrongful death lawsuit for an undisclosed sum, and its subsidiary Aracoma Coal Co. paid $4.2 million in civil and criminal penalties. Testimony showed Massey CEO Don Blankenship suggested firing two supervisors for raising concerns about conveyer belt problems just before the belt caught fire. "Massey has a history of emphasizing production," said Pittsburgh lawyer Bruce Stanley, who represented the miners' widows. "I'm concerned that they may not have learned the lessons of Aracoma." In an interview less than 24 hours after the disaster at Upper Big Branch, Blankenship insisted the mine is no more dangerous than others of comparable size, and he defended the company's track record in a perilous business. "It's natural that the enemies of coal would view Massey as the primary enemy," he said. He pointed out Massey's many innovations, such as installing steps in place of ladders and putting protective cages on underground vehicles even though the government doesn't require them. "I think that I've proven that we run safer coal mines -- you know, most of the time -- and accidents sometimes happen. We've got to figure out what happened here," he said. Kevin Stricklin, an MSHA administrator, said that the number of citations at the mine appeared high, and that he was concerned about the more serious violations. "It means the operator was aware of some of these conditions," he said. Massey is contesting 36 percent of all violations at Upper Big Branch since 2007, The Associated Press found. Overall, U.S. mine operators contest 27 percent. Challenging violations can enable a mine owner to stave off the heavier punishment that the government can impose on companies that have been deemed repeat offenders. Massey became a political and industrial powerhouse under the guidance of Blankenship, who rose from poverty to become one of corporate America's highest-paid and least apologetic executives, a guy who proudly displays

WSW 2/19/09 HeLp AsAp HeLp AsAp? CHICAGO — A landmark Energy Department project to bury carbon dioxide produced by humans has begun as workers sunk a huge drill bit into Illinois ground this week, signaling continued support for a climate change mitigation strategy that has fallen out of favor in many circles. The start of drilling marks the launch a geological sequestration project that will deposit a million metric tons of carbon dioxide into the ground by 2012. While that's nothing compared to the several billion tons of CO2 that humans emit yearly, it's the geology of the site that makes the development exciting. The CO2 will be piped into a geological formation that underlies parts of Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky that could eventually hold more than 100 billion tons of CO2. "This is going to be a large-scale injection of 1 million metric tons, one of the largest injections to date in the U.S." project manager Robert Finley said here at the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting Sunday. While the Department of Energy and private industry have been pushing to create cheaper renewable energy and investigating increased nuclear-power options to reduce carbon emissions, carbon capture and sequestration remains an attractive idea. It would allow regions of the country like the southeast, which don't have Texas or California-level wind or solar resources, to continue burning coal without contributing to climate change. To do that, many technological issues will need to be solved. Last year, the Bush administration canceled the DOE's most expensive carbon capture and sequestration project, FutureGen, and some utility executives have questioned whether storing CO2 will actually make sense. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimated that as much as 30 percent of the energy created by a coal plant would have to be spent on just pulling the CO2 out of its flue gas. But new materials for more selectively capturing CO2 from gas mixes continue to be created in labs like Omar Yaghi's at UCLA and at Georgia Tech under Chris Jones. Those innovations could make the capture part of "carbon capture and sequestration" easier than it currently is. Add in a carbon tax of some form and fossil-fuel power plant operators would have the incentive to start capturing a lot of carbon dioxide. Then, they'll just need somewhere to put it. The DOE thinks the United States has more than enough underground closet space. Mt_simon_slide "What we found in the U.S. with the research that we've done over the last 10 years is that there is a significant potential to store CO2 ... in these very large reservoirs that are underground," said John Litynski, who works in the fossil-fuel-centered National Energy Technology Laboratory's Sequestration Division. But most current sequestration projects use the carbon dioxide to squeeze more oil and gas out of depleted fields. Those fields probably won't cut it for much larger amounts of CO2. For that, we'll have to turn to huge reservoirs deeper underground. That's why the Illinois demonstration project is so important. It will test a formation called the Mt. Simon sandstone, allowing scientists to track in near real-time what happens when they start putting large amounts of compressed carbon dioxide 6,500 feet below the surface. "We have numbers for what we think the capacity is in the U.S., but the only way to prove that is to actually drill a well," said Litynski. Drilling a 6,500-foot well doesn't come cheap — the Illinois Basin project has an $84 million price tag. It's a collaboration between the DOE and industrial partners including Archer Daniels Midland, which is providing the land for the test site and will serve up CO2 from its ethanol fermenters. A group of scientists centered at the Illinois State Geological Survey known as the Midwest Geological Carbon Sequestration Consortium are leading the research. They'll collect enormous amounts of data about how the CO2 plume moves through the pores in the sandstone. The Mt. Simon formation is particularly attractive because of a series of fortuitous events that have placed three layers of impermeable rock — known as "cap rock" — between the sandstone and the surface. Finley thinks that makes the project a very good bet to succeed in keeping CO2 buried away for what amounts to forever in human timescales. But the audience at the AAAS meeting who watched the researchers present their sequestration evidence weren't wholly convinced. They gave the presenters a rougher time than one normally sees at this meeting, where most questions are softballs. One audience member noted that the Mt. Simon project was sequestering 10,000 times less CO2 than we'd have to put into the ground each year to offset human emissions. It's the expense and time needed to scale up the tech that leads renewable energy advocates to complain that money used to make coal cleaner should instead be spent scaling up wind power or installing

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Do Conservatives not like these Liberal ideals of mine? I believe in personal freedoms. I believe that drugs should be at least decriminalized, as I don't want to spend $30k a year locking up people because they choose to abuse their bodies. I don't care about any marriage between two, or even more consenting adults. I believe women should have the right to do what they want with their body, I am anti-abortion, but I can't believe in personal freedoms and be anti-choice at the same time. I believe that Governments or anyone should be tracking me, or my communications without legal reason to do so. I see no reason to have armed military members in any country outside of my own, unless either attacked, defending an ally, or stopping a mass murdering Government. I don't like "Big Government", I think Government along with private charities should work together and take care of all of those that can't take care of themselves. I believe in second chances, but individual responsibility. I think corporations should not be rewarded for pollution, or cutting the labor force, but rather for innovation, and local hiring. I believe in a fair day's pay for a fair day's work. I believe all immigrants should have a fair, easy and affordable process to legal citizenship. I think all immigrants should work if of age and able, and should not receive assistance for 5 years unless maybe horribly injured or something. I am most of all for humanity first, money second. A lot of nothing in the answers, including Xenophobia. Oh, FYI I'm 29, have a house, car and a good full-time job...so whatever. "Corporations exist to generate profits, without that as the primary function they will not work." I agree, and I am all for hard work = profits, but I am also paying your fair share back into the system, and not getting those profits at the harm of others.

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Should I major in mechanical or chemical engineering? I'm trying to decide my major and I have to do it within the next few days! At this point I've taken both intro to mechanical and chemical engineering classes, but I still don't know which one I like better. Sometimes I like mechanics better, sometimes I like chemistry better. However, if I chose chemical I'd be a little behind because I have to catch up on organic chemistry, whereas with mechanical I am right on track already. Since I've taken more mechanics-related courses, going into chemical engineering would be stepping out of my current "comfort zone" in terms of the subject matter (although in high school I used to think I liked chemistry better after taking one year of it, then I took so many physics-type courses that now I am more comfortable with physics). Part of the reason I want to switch to chemical is that I think the field is a newer emerging field, with more opportunities for innovation, while I've heard some say that mechanical engineering has all been done--most of the jobs are repetitively tweaking little aspects of designs like turbine blades, etc. At the same time, there are still lots of different kinds of mechanical engineering jobs out there since it's so broad, so I'm sure it can't be all repetitive. I think the product design, robotics, aerospace, biomechanical (designing surgical tools, replacement joints), and "Disney-imagineering" aspects of it are very neat. I'm also interested in the environmental, medical, and material/substance development part of chemical engineering, not so much the process control part (which, if my understanding is correct, is controlling the flow of chemicals through pipes in the factory plant, etc.), even though I do enjoy the mathematical work associated with heat/mass transfer. One of my dilemmas is that most of my current "support group" is in the mechanical engineering department--the professors I know, the people and students I am friends with, etc. I think it's really important to have people you can rely on when you need help, companionship, or people to work together. I'm afraid that if I go into chemical, I am going to really have a hard time because I don't have anyone to collaborate with or talk to. Although of course I know I'd eventually make friends, I think at least for this next semester it would be rather difficult and I'd be mostly on my own. I would really miss the people that I've become good friends with. Every time I think I've made up my mind to switch to chemical, then I see people from my mechanical classes and realize how much I would miss them all. Also, I don't know how specialized chemical engineering is. Is it possible to work in a more mechanical-related industry with a degree in chemical engineering, or is it possible to work in a more chemical-related industry with a degree in mechanical engineering? Still, it's really tempting because I feel like chemical engineering might be a subject I'd really enjoy, once I got caught up in the curricula, plus it has a lot of new opportunities and research. Sometimes I get tired of the same old forces and vectors and moments routine. As a side note, I don't know if I'll continue to permanently work in an industry. Actually, I've always been interested in becoming either a teacher or a professor. I have no clue what to decide! Any suggestions? Thanks for reading this long post!

When our economy ultimately goes bust, will you be happy just to work in one of Obama's forced labor gulags? Taken from an Obama speech: Today, AmeriCorps - our nation's network of local, state and national service programs - has 75,000 slots. I know firsthand the quality of these programs. My wife Michelle once left her job at a law firm to be the founding director of an AmeriCorps program in Chicago that trains young people for careers in public service. These programs invest Americans in their communities and their country. They tap America's greatest resource - our citizens. As President, I will expand AmeriCorps to 250,000 slots, and make that increased service a vehicle to meet national goals like providing health care and education, saving our planet and restoring our standing in the world, so that citizens see their efforts connected to a common purpose. People of all ages, stations, and skills will be asked to serve. Because when it comes to the challenges we face, the American people are not the problem - they are the answer. We'll send more college graduates to teach and mentor our young people. We'll call on Americans to join an Energy Corps to conduct renewable energy and environmental cleanup projects in their neighborhoods. We'll enlist veterans to help other vets find jobs and support, and to be there for our military families. And we'll also grow our Foreign Service, open consulates that have been shuttered, and double the size of the Peace Corps by 2011 to renew our diplomacy. And we'll use technology to connect people to service. We'll expand USA Freedom Corps to create an online network where Americans can browse opportunities to volunteer. You'll be able to search by category, time commitment, and skill sets; you'll be able to rate service opportunities, build service networks, and create your own service pages to track your hours and activities. This will empower more Americans to craft their own service agenda, and make their own change from the bottom up. We also need to invest in ideas that can help us meet our common challenges, because more often than not, the next great social innovation won't be generated by the government. The non-profit sector employs 1 in 12 Americans and 115 nonprofits are launched every day. Yet while the federal government invests $7 billion in research and development for the private sector, there is no similar effort to support non-profit innovation. Meanwhile, there are ideas across America - in our inner cities and small towns; from college graduates, to seniors getting ready to retire - that could benefit millions of Americans if they're given the chance to grow. As President, I will launch a new Social Investment Fund Network. It's time to get the grass roots, the foundations, the faith-based organizations, the private sector and the government at the table so that we can learn from our own success stories. We'll invest in ideas that work; leverage private sector dollars to encourage innovation; and expand successful programs to scale. Take a program like the Harlem Children's Zone, which helps thousands of kids in New York through after-school activities, mentoring, and family support. We need to make that model work in different cities across America. And just as we support small businesses, I'll start a new Social Entrepreneur Agency to make sure that small non-profits have strong support from Washington.

How to Contact the Customs Department in India? I have an order Shipped from the United States from WWE.com which was shipped on February 10th 2011. Due to a changed International Delivery process, these guys do not generate the Tracking No. for the Shipments to be delivered Outside the United States. Its something called as Mail Innovation by UPS. The time for the delivery was 7 to 14 business days which are over. I contacted the wwe folks and they asked me to get in touch with the Customs here in India and ask if there is any order present by my name and other details. In case the order does not reach by the end of 6 weeks, they'll either re-ship it or would refund my amount whichever i wish for. i believe the re-shipping would again be a pain and hence i would wish to get the refund in that case but i was really looking forward to receiving the order, so if anyone can help me regarding where can i contact the Customs from in India, it would really help a lot.

Which career should i opt? Hello. I am a 12th standard student who will pass out class 12th this year. I need some advice on career options. I want to opt a career which pays me a high salary and i find it interesting. I firmly believe that "DO WHAT YOU LOVE THEN WORK WILL NOT SEEM WORK IT WILL BE PLAY" I am ready to work every bit to get such a job. Hard work is not a constraint for me. I am ready to work hard. I have decided the following options for me- Option 1: Mechanical/Electronics/Aeronautics/Automobile Engineer - because i have immense interest in machines and the way they work. I love science especially physics therefore i want to make a career in this field. I wan a job in which i would be given a project and a deadline to complete it, like design a new and more efficient jet engine for an aircraft, or design a more efficient car design or a better and efficient circuit for some device or develop a robot for some purpose(i also have immense interest in robotics and automation) or design better circuits for things like computer GPUs, motherboard, network cards etc.. I mean to say i want to be a salaried employee in such fields and work on various projects for a company with a project team.(do not confuse this with reasearch work, i want to be an engineer not a scientist and just sit in a lab doing calculations only, i want to work on desk with paper and pen and as well as with machines and tools in the development workshop) I am very good at physics, mathematics and chemistry. I just love doing physics and mathematics. Especially physics is very very interesting and that too th mechanics and electronics part in it. Basically i want a job which demands creativity, innovation and inquisitiveness. Option 2: Game development job - programming/graphics/music - any of these three parts of game development, in fact all three can be handled by me, becuase i love video games and also interested in programming and graphics and i can also work on the music part as i am an experienced keyboard player(playing since 7 years) and also know how to play drums, i also keep working on studio softwares on pc and interfacing my keyboard with pc to make music and various tracks. I just now know C/C++ progamming, Adobe Photoshop and some basic HTML/CSS web designing. But above all these things, i want a high salary also so that i can have all the luxuries that i have dreamt of till now and i am reay to work hard till the end for it(i know that all this wont come for free without hard work) Just now i have planned to do engineering in Mech./Electronics/Automobile/Aeronautics. And then post graduation for specialization in that field also. But after this i dont want to sit in a lab and work on paper like a scientist. I want to make new designs and implement them with tools and machines in the workshop. I dont know how much salary engineers get for such work. Please give some information regarding this. People mostly get very high salaries after doing MBA......like a combination of BTech from IIT and MBA from IIM is a very high paid combination.......i mean 1+ lakhs Rs per month or so. But i dont think doing MBA after doing BTech is a good choice as MBA totally deviates you from your scientific field and pulls you into finance and accounts field and you end up getting a very high paid job but thats a job like a job in a bank or some finance company........just sitting in your A/C cabin and doing analysis and calculating finances and working on your laptop 7-8 hours a day.....no creativity......no innovation........and above all......no science involved....MBA totally wipes off the science thing from a BTech graduate......and people just go in to MBA because it pays them high salary.......then what was the use of doing BTech and studying science for 4 years......was it just a degree addition to your career?.....i dont understand this concept of MBA after doint BTech........but many IITians opt for MBA from IIMs after their BTech.....god knows why......is it just the money......doesn't their interst in science matter to them anymore after doing BTech and that too from a "science heaven" like IIT....please guide me if my thinking is wrong about all this....i mean this is what i feel....i am sorry if i am offending anybody......i am not saying anythings against people doing BTech+MBA........they are super brilliant and deserve a high pay and a good job......but the above mentioned thoughts come to my mind again and again whenever i think of MBA after doing my BTech......please advice me on this So please advice any career option based on above written things for me.

Gostaria da gentileza de traduzir este texto para o português. Tem alguém que possa me ajudar? . Born out of the West Coast Metal scene of the 80's, Metal Church quickly became one of the standout talents of the genre. After signing a deal with Elektra records, they released two critically acclaimed albums. Their self-titled release "Metal Church" postured the band as one of the pioneers of the thrash/metal scene. The All Music Guide had this to say about the debut: "The band's incredibly tight musicianship is a highlight all on it's own. This album remains an overlooked classic of straight-ahead American-bred heavy metal." With the heavy metal scene starting to rise in the U.S., Metal Church set out on a very successful tour with label mates Metallica. Next came "The Dark," the fury of its opening track, "Ton of Bricks" was championed as one of the premier metal releases of the 80's. The Dark also led to one of a few lineup changes with the departure of vocalist David Wayne. However, more success was yet to come. With the addition of former Heretic vocalist Mike Howe, and Metallica guitar tech extraordinaire John Marshall, the riffing became heavier and the subject matter deeper. They tackled political and social issues of the day with the releases of "Blessing In Disguise" and "The Human Factor." At a time when heavy metal bands moved from the underground and became part of the hair band/pop fad, Metal Church stayed true to their roots. During the mid 90's, the members of Metal Church headed in their own directions. Kurdt Vanderhoof worked on his namesake project, Vanderhoof, while Kirk Arrington was playing on various sessions including a recording with Sir Mix-A-Lot. 1999 led to a well-received reunion of the original Metal Church lineup with the release of "Masterpeace". The band went back to their classic sound and played several festivals overseas. 2004 saw them back with new vocalist, Ronny Munroe, whose style has been described as "Rob Halford meets Dio", as well as Jay Reynolds (Malice) on guitar and Steve Unger on bass. With a new record "The Weight of the World" and some new blood, heavy metal legends Metal Church picked up where their aptly titled last release "Masterpeace" left off. In 2006, twenty years after their cult album "The Dark", Metal Church presented their brand new release, "A Light In The Dark", forging a creative arch that skillfully links the band's past with the present. Ten new tracks, (plus a new version of the classic "Watch The Children Pray", a tribute to original frontman David Wayne), document the development of a band that, despite all innovation, has never denied it's typical trademarks. The current lineup consists of Kurdt Vanderhoof, Ronny Munroe, Jay Reynolds, Steve Unger and new addition Jeff Plate on drums. "Jeff is an incredibly dynamic and professional drummer," Vanderhoof points out. "He has propelled us to a musical level that surprised even ourselves." Plate has replaced Kirk Arrington, who left the group for health reasons, and proves a real stroke of luck on "A Light In The Dark". In 2008, guitarist Jay Reynolds was replaced by Rottweiler guitar player Rick Van Zandt. This Present Wasteland, Metal Church's ninth release, is a return to their roots and contains some of their strongest material to date. Get ready to join the congregation! Obrigada e bjs em seus corações

WHY DO IGNORANT PEOPLE KEEP SAYING THAT THE ONLY REASON WHY BLACK PEOPLE ARE VOTING 4 OBAMA BECAUSE HE'S BLACK? IM VOTING FOR OBAMA BECAUSE HE STANDS FOR SOMETHING AND HE WILL MAKE A BIG DIFFERENCE IN THIS COUNTRY...... * Barack Obama will reform No Child Left Behind: Obama and Biden believe teachers should not be forced to spend the academic year preparing students to fill in bubbles on standardized tests and he will improve the assessments used to track student progress to measure readiness for college. * Invest in early childhood education: The Obama-Biden comprehensive "Zero to Five" plan will provide critical support to young children and their parents. And they will help states move toward voluntary, universal pre-school. * Make college affordable to all Americans: Obama and Biden will create a new American Opportunity Tax Credit worth $4,000 in exchange for community service. It will cover two-thirds the cost of tuition at the average public college or university and make community college tuition completely free for most students. * Barack Obama will combat employment discrimination: Obama and Biden will work to overturn the Supreme Court's recent ruling that curtails women’s and racial minorities' ability to challenge pay discrimination. They will also pass the Fair Pay Act to ensure that women receive equal pay for equal work and the Employment Non-Discrimination Act to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity or expression. * Strengthen civil rights enforcement: Obama and Biden will reverse the politicization that has occurred in the Bush Administration's Department of Justice. They will put an end to the ideological litmus tests used to fill positions within the Civil Rights Division. * Expand hate crime statutes: Obama and Biden will strengthen federal hate crimes legislation, expand hate crimes protection by passing the Matthew Shepard Act, and reinvigorate enforcement at the Department of Justice's Criminal Section. # Barack Obama will provide a tax cut for working families: Obama and Biden will restore fairness to the tax code and provide 95 percent of working Americans the tax relief they need. They will create a new "Making Work Pay" tax credit of up to $500 per person, or $1,000 per working family. # Provide tax relief for small businesses and startups: Obama and Biden will eliminate all capital gains taxes on startup and small businesses to encourage innovation and job creation. # Fight for fair trade: Obama and Biden will fight for a trade policy that opens up foreign markets to support good American jobs. They will use trade agreements to spread good labor and environmental standards around the world * Barack Obama will defeat terrorism worldwide: Obama and Biden will find, disrupt, and destroy al Qaeda; prepare the military to meet 21st century threats; and win “the Battle of Ideas” by ensuring American foreign policy is consistent with America's traditional values. * Prevent nuclear terrorism: Obama and Biden will lead the effort to secure nuclear weapons materials at vulnerable sites within four years and help our allies stop the smuggling of weapons of mass destruction. * Strengthen American biosecurity: Obama and Biden will work to prevent bioterror attacks and mitigate consequences by improving U.S. intelligence collection and response management. WE ALSO NEED SOMEONE DIFFERENT AND THAT WOULD MAKE A CHANGE AND THAT'S SOMETHING WE HAVE NOT HAD IN YEARS SO I WANT CHANGE!!!!!!!

Convince me Obama doesnt have what it takes? Did anyone read his new plan? At Google headquarters today, Obama will unveil his innovation and technology agenda. He will say, per excerpts his campaign gave First Read: “To seize this moment, we have to use technology to open up our democracy. It’s no coincidence that one of the most secretive Administrations in history has favored special interests and pursued policies that could not stand up to sunlight. As President, I’ll change that. I’ll put government data online in universally accessible formats. I’ll let citizens track federal grants, contracts, earmarks, and lobbyist contacts. I’ll let you participate in government forums, ask questions in real time, offer suggestions that will be reviewed before decisions are made, and let you comment on legislation before it is signed. And to ensure that every government agency is meeting 21st century standards, I’ll appoint the nation’s first Chief Technology Officer.” THAT HAS NEVER BEEN DONE!

Is This More Proof That Self-Deportation Of Illegal Immigrants Will Work When ? Is this just another example of what needs to be done? If we make employer's follow the law we wont have any worries about having to round them up. They will go home on there own and apply the right way to get into the US. Agree Y/N? I am not aware of anyone who would track that locally," said Glen Solier, business development specialist for the Lee County Department of Economic Development. "Those people are off the grid. Undocumented," said Susanna Patterson, economic analyst for the Florida Agency for Workforce Innovation. But the oh-so-human snapshots of everyday living are revealing. Like a weekend soccer league down from 32 teams to 25 because more than 100 players have had to leave. Or a church that has cut two Sunday services to one because about 200 former members have returned to their homeland. Or the western-wear clothier who gave up one of his three shopping center units and said business is off by 40 percent because customers are gone. Put these and other pictures together and the collage tells the story of Hispanics who are leaving Southwest Florida to find work or to return to the support of their families back home. http://www.news-press.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080309/NEWS01/803090424/1002

How would you rank MILES DAVIS' albums? . There are not enough words to describe this Man's contribution & innovation in Jazz & Progressive music. His catalogue is overwhelming, to me. Please list the Albums, here, that you have heard, in order of preference... Feel free to add any essential recordings, that I have missed - thank you. There are no "Right or Wrong" answers :) ( BQ at bottom :) First Miles (1945) Billie's Bounce (Charlie Parker, leader) (1945) Yardbird in Lotus Land (Charlie Parker, leader) (1946) The Love Songs of Mr. B (Billy Eckstein, leader) (1946) Bopping the Blues (Earl Coleman, Ann Baker, leaders) (1946) Flying Home (Illinois Jacquet, leader) (1947) Cool Bird (Charlie Parker, leader) (1947) The Band that Never Was (Charlie Parker, leader) (1948) Bird on 52nd Street (3 volumes) (1948) Bird at the Royal Roost (Charlie Parker, leader) (1948) Cool Boppin' (1948) Birth of the Cool (1950) Conception (1951) Blue Period (1951) Dig (1951) Miles Davis and Horns (1951) Miles Davis Volume 1 (1952) Miles Davis Volume 2 (1953) Collectors' Items (1953) Blue Haze (1954) Walkin' (1954) Bags' Groove (1954) Miles Davis and the Modern Jazz Giants (1954)) Musings of Miles (1955) Blue Moods (1955) Quintet / Sextet (1955, Miles Davis and Milt Jackson) Miles: The New Miles Davis Quintet (1955) Cookin' with the Miles Davis Quintet (1956) Relaxin' with the Miles Davis Quintet (1956) Workin' with the Miles Davis Quintet (1956) Steamin' with the Miles Davis Quintet (1956) 'Round About Midnight (1955-1956) Miles Ahead (1957) Ascenseur pour l'Échafaud (1957) Somethin' Else (1958, Cannonball Adderley quintet) Milestones (1958) Jazz Track (1958) Porgy and Bess (1958) 1958 Miles (1958) Kind of Blue (1959) Sketches of Spain (1960) Someday My Prince Will Come (1961) Quiet Nights (1962-1963) Seven Steps to Heaven (1963) E.S.P (1965) Miles Smiles (1966) Sorcerer (1967) Nefertiti (1967) Miles in the Sky (1968) Filles de Kilimanjaro (1969) In a Silent Way (1969) Bitches Brew (1970) A Tribute to Jack Johnson (1970) On the Corner (1972) Big Fun (1974) Get Up with It (1974 - previously unissued recordings from 1970-1974) Water Babies (1976 - previously unissued recordings from 1967 & 1968) Circle in the Round (1979 - previously unissued recordings from 1955-1970) Directions (1981 - previously unissued recordings from 1960-1970) The Man With The Horn (1981) Star People (1983) Decoy (1984) You're Under Arrest (1985) Tutu (1986) Music from Siesta (1987) Amandla (1989) Aura (1989) Dingo (1991) Doo-Bop (1992) Wikipedia states, "several major developments in jazz music including cool jazz, hard bop, free jazz, fusion and techno" BQ -- In your own "way" of categorizing -- What "phases" of music did Miles go through, in his "journey" (i.e., Hard Jazz, BeBop, Prog, Fusion, Modal, etc.) .

When can I expect my packages? I am expecting delivery of two packages from UPS. I ordered them boh on Nov. 5th. Following is the tracking info for both items. 1) Nov 13 2010 06:32PM PROCESSED LITTLE ROCK,AR Nov 11 2010 10:02AM ELECTRONIC SHIPPING INFO RECEIVED LITTLE ROCK,AR Nov 11 2010 Manifested (Postage Paid) Nov 10 2010 Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF Austin, TX Nov 09 2010 Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF Austin, TX Nov 09 2010 Mail Retrieved From Shipper 2) Nov 13 2010 02:50AM PROCESSED MEMPHIS,TN Nov 12 2010 10:15PM SHIPMENT ACCEPTANCE MEMPHIS,TN Nov 11 2010 10:02AM ELECTRONIC SHIPPING INFO RECEIVED MEMPHIS,TN Nov 11 2010 Manifested (Postage Paid) Nov 10 2010 Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF Austin, TX Nov 09 2010 Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF Austin, TX It says on Wal-Mart's website that I should recieve them as early as the 11th, and as late as the 16th. Also, the package in Little Rock is in my city, but the other is in Memphis. Does this mean that I will get it later? Is it not in Memphis at all, and that is just where the tracking is being done from. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thank you in advance.

UPS Mail Innovation- question on tracking....? HI I NEED HELP ON A TRACKING OF MY PACKAGE HERE IS THE LIST Date/Time Event Name Location Aug 18 2010 09:57PM SHIPMENT ACCEPTANCE JACKSONVILLE,FL Aug 18 2010 01:18PM ELECTRONIC SHIPPING INFO RECEIVED JERSEY CITY,NJ Date Description Location Aug 18 2010 Manifested (Postage Paid) Aug 18 2010 Received at UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF Orlando, FL Aug 17 2010 Transferred to UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF Orlando, FL Aug 16 2010 Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF Atlanta, GA Aug 16 2010 Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPF Atlanta, GA Aug 16 2010 Mail Retrieved From Shipper IT SAYS ITS IN USPS MAIL STREAM BUT HOW LONG DOES THAT TAKES? IT HAS BEEN 2 DAYS AND STILL HAVENT POSTED ANYTHING ABOUT MY PACKAGE

U.S History help 10 points for best answer!? 7. How did railroads affect western settlement in the late 1800s? They had very little effect on settlement because most work was done through unions. Railroads provided construction jobs and then connected markets throughout the nation. Railroads transported most of the settlers to the West Coast where they started farms. Railroads contributed to the discovery of minerals that brought settlers west. 8. Which group suffered most as a result of western settlement? Swedish immigrants railroad men Native Americans copper miners 9. What two leaders fought at the Battle of Little Bighorn, a victory of sorts for Native Americans? Red Cloud and Wyatt Earp Crazy Horse and Wild Bill Hickok Wovoka and William Cody Sitting Bull and George Custer 10. Which Native American leader is most likely to have said the following? Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Red Cloud Chief Joseph 11. What was the effect of the Dawes Act on Native American tribes? It brought citizenship and equality to Native Americans. It granted land to individual families, but reduced the land available to tribes. It provided extra money to tribes because land in excess of 160 acres per family was sold. It gave Native Americans the means to learn and benefit from farming. 13. What was a common element of the rush to seek western land, timber, gold, and oil? All were abundant, renewable resources. All had been exploited by Native Americans for many years. All were carefully regulated. All had a negative environmental impact. 14. What were two techniques entrepreneurs used to create monopolies? (Points: 3) horizontal and vertical integration stock options and investment bonds trusts and treaties bonds and bank notes 15. What did John D. Rockefeller do to establish Standard Oil as a monopoly? set up a trust bought stock options invested in banks kept discovering oil 16. Which statement describes the beginning of both the steel and oil industries in the United States? The railroads were entirely responsible for the development and growth of both industries. Without government subsidies, neither the steel nor the oil industry would have been established. Strong men were determined to build important new industries by controlling resources and production. Steel and oil both developed as unplanned successes that grew in response to new technology 17. How did railroads influence modern business practices? by forming corporate boards by issuing stocks and bonds by resisting standardization by creating reasonable scheduling expectations 18. How did innovations such as steam power, air brakes, automatic lubricator, and steel tracks affect the railroads? They increased the cost of doing business and reduced profits. They reduced the cost of doing business and hurt profits. They created licensing problems that the government was slow to overcome. They improved the ability of railroads to transport goods safely and efficiently. 19. Why was standardization of tracks and time zones important for railroads? They forced Pullman and others to build cars according to certain standards. They offered greater efficiency in production, safety, and scheduling. They made it possible for towns to lay their own tracks. They reduced competition in the western part of the country. 20. Which two inventors changed agriculture in the 1800s? Joseph Glidden and Elias Howe John Deere and Cyrus McCormick Elijah McCoy and Eli Janney John Mason and James Naismith 21. Which inventor improved techniques for using alternating current to bring electricity to the population at large? Thomas Edison George Westinghouse Nikola Tesla James Watt 22. What two products, in addition to the working light bulb, did Thomas Edison invent? (Points: 3) point-and-shoot camera and typewriter vacuum cleaner and fountain pen phonograph and motion picture camera diesel engine and escalator 23. How did J.P. Morgan's efforts to channel funds into the purchase of corporate stocks and bonds affect corporations? It made them susceptible to monopolies. It brought them under suspicion by the government. It helped them grow. It kept them from growing. 24. What role did cotton, tobacco, and steel play in the South following the Civil War? They raised the possibility of environmental and health concerns. They pushed the South's economy ahead of the North's. They were mainstays in the growth and modernization of the southern economy. They were monopo

Should I major in mechanical or chemical engineering? I'm trying to decide my major and I have to do it within the next few days! At this point I've taken both intro to mechanical and chemical engineering classes, but I still don't know which one I like better. Sometimes I like mechanics better, sometimes I like chemistry better. However, if I chose chemical I'd be a little behind because I have to catch up on organic chemistry, whereas with mechanical I am right on track already. Since I've taken more mechanics-related courses, going into chemical engineering would be stepping out of my current "comfort zone" in terms of the subject matter (although in high school I used to think I liked chemistry better after taking one year of it, then I took so many physics-type courses that now I am more comfortable with physics). Part of the reason I want to switch to chemical is that I think the field is a newer emerging field, with more opportunities for innovation, while I've heard some say that mechanical engineering has all been done--most of the jobs are repetitively tweaking little aspects of designs like turbine blades, etc. At the same time, there are still lots of different kinds of mechanical engineering jobs out there since it's so broad, so I'm sure it can't be all repetitive. I think the product design, robotics, aerospace, biomechanical (designing surgical tools, replacement joints), and "Disney-imagineering" aspects of it are very neat. I'm also interested in the environmental, medical, and material/substance development part of chemical engineering, not so much the process control part (which, if my understanding is correct, is controlling the flow of chemicals through pipes in the factory plant, etc.), even though I do enjoy the mathematical work associated with heat/mass transfer. One of my dilemmas is that most of my current "support group" is in the mechanical engineering department--the professors I know, the people and students I am friends with, etc. I think it's really important to have people you can rely on when you need help, companionship, or people to work together. I'm afraid that if I go into chemical, I am going to really have a hard time because I don't have anyone to collaborate with or talk to. Although of course I know I'd eventually make friends, I think at least for this next semester it would be rather difficult and I'd be mostly on my own. I would really miss the people that I've become good friends with. Every time I think I've made up my mind to switch to chemical, then I see people from my mechanical classes and realize how much I would miss them all. Also, I don't know how specialized chemical engineering is. Is it possible to work in a more mechanical-related industry with a degree in chemical engineering, or is it possible to work in a more chemical-related industry with a degree in mechanical engineering? Still, it's really tempting because I feel like chemical engineering might be a subject I'd really enjoy, once I got caught up in the curricula, plus it has a lot of new opportunities and research. Sometimes I get tired of the same old forces and vectors and moments routine. As a side note, I don't know if I'll continue to permanently work in an industry. Actually, I've always been interested in becoming either a teacher or a professor. I have no clue what to decide! Any suggestions? Thanks for reading this long post!

When Will My Package Arrive? Sent through UPS Mail Innovations? I ordered a package Wednesday or Thursday and it is being shipped through UPS Mail Innovations. By tracking it says "Jan 10 2010 Manifested(Postage Paid)" then below it under "Delivery Conformation Information it says that at 7:19pm tonight it was processed in Cincinnati, Ohio, which is a little over 3 hours away. Do you think it will be here tomorrow or Wednesday? Will it be delivered through UPS truck or US Postal Service? Thanks

Is it good to drink milk? The text is too long but worthwhile read....? "MILK" Just the word itself sounds comforting! "How about a nice cup of hot milk?" The last time you heard that question it was from someone who cared for you--and you appreciated their effort. The entire matter of food and especially that of milk is surrounded with emotional and cultural importance. Milk was our very first food. If we were fortunate it was our mother's milk. A loving link, given and taken. It was the only path to survival. If not mother's milk it was cow's milk or soy milk "formula"--rarely it was goat, camel or water buffalo milk. Now, we are a nation of milk drinkers. Nearly all of us. Infants, the young, adolescents, adults and even the aged. We drink dozens or even several hundred gallons a year and add to that many pounds of "dairy products" such as cheese, butter, and yogurt. Can there be anything wrong with this? We see reassuring images of healthy, beautiful people on our television screens and hear messages that assure us that, "Milk is good for your body." Our dieticians insist that: "You've got to have milk, or where will you get your calcium?" School lunches always include milk and nearly every hospital meal will have milk added. And if that isn't enough, our nutritionists told us for years that dairy products make up an "essential food group." Industry spokesmen made sure that colourful charts proclaiming the necessity of milk and other essential nutrients were made available at no cost for schools. Cow's milk became "normal." You may be surprised to learn that most of the human beings that live on planet Earth today do not drink or use cow's milk. Further, most of them can't drink milk because it makes them ill. There are students of human nutrition who are not supportive of milk use for adults. Here is a quotation from the March/April 1991 Utne Reader: If you really want to play it safe, you may decide to join the growing number of Americans who are eliminating dairy products from their diets altogether. Although this sounds radical to those of us weaned on milk and the five basic food groups, it is eminently viable. Indeed, of all the mammals, only humans--and then only a minority, principally Caucasians--continue to drink milk beyond babyhood. Who is right? Why the confusion? Where best to get our answers? Can we trust milk industry spokesmen? Can you trust any industry spokesmen? Are nutritionists up to date or are they simply repeating what their professors learned years ago? What about the new voices urging caution? I believe that there are three reliable sources of information. The first, and probably the best, is a study of nature. The second is to study the history of our own species. Finally we need to look at the world's scientific literature on the subject of milk. Let's look at the scientific literature first. From 1988 to 1993 there were over 2,700 articles dealing with milk recorded in the 'Medicine' archives. Fifteen hundred of theses had milk as the main focus of the article. There is no lack of scientific information on this subject. I reviewed over 500 of the 1,500 articles, discarding articles that dealt exclusively with animals, esoteric research and inconclusive studies. How would I summarize the articles? They were only slightly less than horrifying. First of all, none of the authors spoke of cow's milk as an excellent food, free of side effects and the 'perfect food' as we have been led to believe by the industry. The main focus of the published reports seems to be on intestinal colic, intestinal irritation, intestinal bleeding, anemia, allergic reactions in infants and children as well as infections such as salmonella. More ominous is the fear of viral infection with bovine leukemia virus or an AIDS-like virus as well as concern for childhood diabetes. Contamination of milk by blood and white (pus) cells as well as a variety of chemicals and insecticides was also discussed. Among children the problems were allergy, ear and tonsillar infections, bedwetting, asthma, intestinal bleeding, colic and childhood diabetes. In adults the problems seemed centered more around heart disease and arthritis, allergy, sinusitis, and the more serious questions of leukemia, lymphoma and cancer. I think that an answer can also be found in a consideration of what occurs in nature & what happens with free living mammals and what happens with human groups living in close to a natural state as 'hunter-gatherers'. Our paleolithic ancestors are another crucial and interesting group to study. Here we are limited to speculation and indirect evidences, but the bony remains available for our study are remarkable. There is no doubt whatever that these skeletal remains reflect great strength, muscularity (the size of the muscular insertions show this), and total absence of advanced osteoporosis. And if you feel that these people are not important for us to study, consider that today our genes are programming our bodies in almost exactly the same way as our ancestors of 50,000 to 100,000 years ago. WHAT IS MILK? Milk is a maternal lactating secretion, a short term nutrient for new-borns. Nothing more, nothing less. Invariably, the mother of any mammal will provide her milk for a short period of time immediately after birth. When the time comes for 'weaning', the young offspring is introduced to the proper food for that species of mammal. A familiar example is that of a puppy. The mother nurses the pup for just a few weeks and then rejects the young animal and teaches it to eat solid food. Nursing is provided by nature only for the very youngest of mammals. Of course, it is not possible for animals living in a natural state to continue with the drinking of milk after weaning. IS ALL MILK THE SAME? Then there is the matter of where we get our milk. We have settled on the cow because of its docile nature, its size, and its abundant milk supply. Somehow this choice seems 'normal' and blessed by nature, our culture, and our customs. But is it natural? Is it wise to drink the milk of another species of mammal? Consider for a moment, if it was possible, to drink the milk of a mammal other than a cow, let's say a rat. Or perhaps the milk of a dog would be more to your liking. Possibly some horse milk or cat milk. Do you get the idea? Well, I'm not serious about this, except to suggest that human milk is for human infants, dogs' milk is for pups, cows' milk is for calves, cats' milk is for kittens, and so forth. Clearly, this is the way nature intends it. Just use your own good judgement on this one. Milk is not just milk. The milk of every species of mammal is unique and specifically tailored to the requirements of that animal. For example, cows' milk is very much richer in protein than human milk. Three to four times as much. It has five to seven times the mineral content. However, it is markedly deficient in essential fatty acids when compared to human mothers' milk. Mothers' milk has six to ten times as much of the essential fatty acids, especially linoleic acid. (Incidentally, skimmed cow's milk has no linoleic acid). It simply is not designed for humans. Food is not just food, and milk is not just milk. It is not only the proper amount of food but the proper qualitative composition that is critical for the very best in health and growth. Biochemists and physiologists -and rarely medical doctors - are gradually learning that foods contain the crucial elements that allow a particular species to develop its unique specializations. Clearly, our specialization is for advanced neurological development and delicate neuromuscular control. We do not have much need of massive skeletal growth or huge muscle groups as does a calf. Think of the difference between the demands make on the human hand and the demands on a cow's hoof. Human new-borns specifically need critical material for their brains, spinal cord and nerves. Can mother's milk increase intelligence? It seems that it can. In a remarkable study published in Lancet during 1992 (Vol. 339, p. 261-4), a group of British workers randomly placed premature infants into two groups. One group received a proper formula, the other group received human breast milk. Both fluids were given by stomach tube. These children were followed up for over 10 years. In intelligence testing, the human milk children averaged 10 IQ points higher! Well, why not? Why wouldn't the correct building blocks for the rapidly maturing and growing brain have a positive effect? In the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (1982) Ralph Holman described an infant who developed profound neurological disease while being nourished by intravenous fluids only. The fluids used contained only linoleic acid - just one of the essential fatty acids. When the other, alpha linoleic acid, was added to the intravenous fluids the neurological disorders cleared. In the same journal five years later Bjerve, Mostad and Thoresen, working in Norway found exactly the same problem in adult patients on long term gastric tube feeding. In 1930 Dr. G.O. Burr in Minnesota working with rats found that linoleic acid deficiencies created a deficiency syndrome. Why is this mentioned? In the early 1960s pediatricians found skin lesions in children fed formulas without the same linoleic acid. Remembering the research, the addition of the acid to the formula cured the problem. Essential fatty acids are just that and cows' milk is markedly deficient in these when compared to human milk. WELL, AT LEAST COW'S MILK IS PURE Or is it? Fifty years ago an average cow produced 2,000 pounds of milk per year. Today the top producers give 50,000 pounds! How was this accomplished? Drugs, antibiotics, hormones, forced feeding plans and specialized breeding; that's how. The latest high-tech onslaught on the poor cow is bovine growth hormone or BGH. This genetically engineered drug is supposed to stimulate milk production but, according to Monsanto, the hormone's manufacturer, does not affect the milk or meat. There are three other manufacturers: Upjohn, Eli Lilly, and American Cyanamid Company. Obviously, there have been no long-term studies on the hormone's effect on the humans drinking the milk. Other countries have banned BGH because of safety concerns. One of the problems with adding molecules to a milk cows' body is that the molecules usually come out in the milk. I don't know how you feel, but I don't want to experiment with the ingestion of a growth hormone. A related problem is that it causes a marked increase (50 to 70 per cent) in mastitis. This, then, requires antibiotic therapy, and the residues of the antibiotics appear in the milk. It seems that the public is uneasy about this product and in one survey 43 per cent felt that growth hormone treated milk represented a health risk. A vice president for public policy at Monsanto was opposed to labelling for that reason, and because the labelling would create an 'artificial distinction'. The country is awash with milk as it is, we produce more milk than we can consume. Let's not create storage costs and further taxpayer burdens, because the law requires the USDA to buy any surplus of butter, cheese, or non-fat dry milk at a support price set by Congress! In fiscal 1991, the USDA spent $757 million on surplus butter, and one billion dollars a year on average for price supports during the 1980s (Consumer Reports, May 1992: 330-32). Any lactating mammal excretes toxins through her milk. This includes antibiotics, pesticides, chemicals and hormones. Also, all cows' milk contains blood! The inspectors are simply asked to keep it under certain limits. You may be horrified to learn that the USDA allows milk to contain from one to one and a half million white blood cells per millilitre. (That's only 1/30 of an ounce). If you don't already know this, I'm sorry to tell you that another way to describe white cells where they don't belong would be to call them pus cells. To get to the point, is milk pure or is it a chemical, biological, and bacterial cocktail? Finally, will the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) protect you? The United States General Accounting Office (GAO) tells us that the FDA and the individual States are failing to protect the public from drug residues in milk. Authorities test for only 4 of the 82 drugs in dairy cows. As you can imagine, the Milk Industry Foundation's spokesman claims it's perfectly safe. Jerome Kozak says, "I still think that milk is the safest product we have." Other, perhaps less biased observers, have found the following: 38% of milk samples in 10 cities were contaminated with sulfa drugs or other antibiotics. (This from the Centre for Science in the Public Interest and The Wall Street Journal, Dec. 29, 1989).. A similar study in Washington, DC found a 20 percent contamination rate (Nutrition Action Healthletter, April 1990). What's going on here? When the FDA tested milk, they found few problems. However, they used very lax standards. When they used the same criteria, the FDA data showed 51 percent of the milk samples showed drug traces. Let's focus in on this because it’s critical to our understanding of the apparent discrepancies. The FDA uses a disk-assay method that can detect only 2 of the 30 or so drugs found in milk. Also, the test detects only at the relatively high level. A more powerful test called the 'Charm II test' can detect drugs down to 5 parts per billion. One nasty subject must be discussed. It seems that cows are forever getting infections around the udder that require ointments and antibiotics. An article from France tells us that when a cow receives penicillin, that penicillin appears in the milk for from 4 to 7 milkings. Another study from the University of Nevada, Reno tells of cells in 'mastic milk', milk from cows with infected udders. An elaborate analysis of the cell fragments, employing cell cultures, flow cytometric analysis , and a great deal of high tech stuff. Do you know what the conclusion was? If the cow has mastitis, there is pus in the milk. Sorry, it’s in the study, all concealed with language such as "macrophages containing many vacuoles and phagocytosed particles," etc. IT GETS WORSE Well, at least human mothers' milk is pure! Sorry. A huge study showed that human breast milk in over 14,000 women had contamination by pesticides! Further, it seems that the sources of the pesticides are meat and--you guessed it-- dairy products. Well, why not? These pesticides are concentrated in fat and that's what's in these products. (Of interest, a subgroup of lactating vegetarian mothers had only half the levels of contamination). A recent report showed an increased concentration of pesticides in the breast tissue of women with breast cancer when compared to the tissue of women with fibrocystic disease. Other articles in the standard medical literature describe problems. Just scan these titles: 1.Cow's Milk as a Cause of Infantile Colic Breast-Fed Infants. Lancet 2 (1978): 437 2.Dietary Protein-Induced Colitis in Breast- Fed Infants, J. Pediatr. I01 (1982): 906 3.The Question of the Elimination of Foreign Protein in Women's Milk, J. Immunology 19 (1930): 15 There are many others. There are dozens of studies describing the prompt appearance of cows' milk allergy in children being exclusively breast-fed! The cows' milk allergens simply appear in the mother's milk and are transmitted to the infant. A committee on nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics reported on the use of whole cows' milk in infancy (Pediatrics 1983: 72-253). They were unable to provide any cogent reason why bovine milk should be used before the first birthday yet continued to recommend its use! Doctor Frank Oski from the Upstate Medical Centre Department of Pediatrics, commenting on the recommendation, cited the problems of acute gastrointestinal blood loss in infants, the lack of iron, recurrent abdominal pain, milk- borne infections and contaminants, and said: Why give it at all - then or ever? In the face of uncertainty about many of the potential dangers of whole bovine milk, it would seem prudent to recommend that whole milk not be started until the answers are available. Isn't it time for these uncontrolled experiments on human nutrition to come to an end? In the same issue of Pediatrics he further commented: It is my thesis that whole milk should not be fed to the infant in the first year of life because of its association with iron deficiency anemia (milk is so deficient in iron that an infant would have to drink an impossible 31 quarts a day to get the RDA of 15 mg), acute gastrointiestinal bleeding, and various manifestations of food allergy. I suggest that unmodified whole bovine milk should not be consumed after infancy because of the problems of lactose intolerance, its contribution to the genesis of atherosclerosis, and its possible link to other diseases. In late 1992 Dr. Benjamin Spock, possibly the best known pediatrician in history, shocked the country when he articulated the same thoughts and specified avoidance for the first two years of life. Here is his quotation: I want to pass on the word to parents that cows' milk from the carton has definite faults for some babies. Human milk is the right one for babies. A study comparing the incidence of allergy and colic in the breast-fed infants of omnivorous and vegan mothers would be important. I haven't found such a study; it would be both important and inexpensive. And it will probably never be done. There is simply no academic or economic profit involved. OTHER PROBLEMS Let's just mention the problems of bacterial contamination. Salmonella, E. coli, and staphylococcal infections can be traced to milk. In the old days tuberculosis was a major problem and some folks want to go back to those times by insisting on raw milk on the basis that it's "natural." This is insanity! A study from UCLA showed that over a third of all cases of salmonella infection in California, 1980-1983 were traced to raw milk. That'll be a way to revive good old brucellosis again and I would fear leukemia, too. (More about that later). In England, and Wales where raw milk is still consumed there have been outbreaks of milk-borne diseases. The Journal of the American Medical Association (251: 483, 1984) reported a multi-state series of infections caused by Yersinia enterocolitica in pasteurised whole milk. This is despite safety precautions. All parents dread juvenile diabetes for their children. A Canadian study reported in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Mar. 1990, describes a "...significant positive correlation between consumption of unfermented milk protein and incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in data from various countries. Conversely a possible negative relationship is observed between breast-feeding at age 3 months and diabetes risk.". Another study from Finland found that diabetic children had higher levels of serum antibodies to cows’ milk (Diabetes Research 7(3): 137-140 March 1988). Here is a quotation from this study: We infer that either the pattern of cows' milk consumption is altered in children who will have insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or, their immunological reactivity to proteins in cows' milk is enhanced, or the permeability of their intestines to cows' milk protein is higher than normal. The April 18, 1992 British Medical Journal has a fascinating study contrasting the difference in incidence of juvenile insulin dependent diabetes in Pakistani children who have migrated to England. The incidence is roughly 10 times greater in the English group compared to children remaining in Pakistan! What caused this highly significant increase? The authors said that "the diet was unchanged in Great Britain." Do you believe that? Do you think that the availability of milk, sugar and fat is the same in Pakistan as it is in England? That a grocery store in England has the same products as food sources in Pakistan? I don't believe that for a minute. Remember, we're not talking here about adult onset, type II diabetes which all workers agree is strongly linked to diet as well as to a genetic predisposition. This study is a major blow to the "it's all in your genes" crowd. Type I diabetes was always considered to be genetic or possibly viral, but now this? So resistant are we to consider diet as causation that the authors of the last article concluded that the cooler climate in England altered viruses and caused the very real increase in diabetes! The first two authors had the same reluctance top admit the obvious. The milk just may have had something to do with the disease. The latest in this remarkable list of reports, a New England Journal of Medicine article (July 30, 1992), also reported in the Los Angeles Times. This study comes from the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto and from Finnish researchers. In Finland there is "...the world's highest rate of dairy product consumption and the world's highest rate of insulin dependent diabetes. The disease strikes about 40 children out of every 1,000 there contrasted with six to eight per 1,000 in the United States.... Antibodies produced against the milk protein during the first year of life, the researchers speculate, also attack and destroy the pancreas in a so-called auto-immune reaction, producing diabetes in people whose genetic makeup leaves them vulnerable." "...142 Finnish children with newly diagnosed diabetes. They found that every one had at least eight times as many antibodies against the milk protein as did healthy children, clear evidence that the children had a raging auto immune disorder." The team has now expanded the study to 400 children and is starting a trial where 3,000 children will receive no dairy products during the first nine months of life. "The study may take 10 years, but we'll get a definitive answer one way or the other," according to one of the researchers. I would caution them to be certain that the breast feeding mothers use on cows' milk in their diets or the results will be confounded by the transmission of the cows' milk protein in the mother's breast milk.... Now what was the reaction from the diabetes association? This is very interesting! Dr. F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, the president of the association says: "It does not mean that children should stop drinking milk or that parents of diabetics should withdraw dairy products. These are rich sources of good protein." (Emphasis added) My God, it's the "good protein" that causes the problem! Do you suspect that the dairy industry may have helped the American Diabetes Association in the past? LEUKEMIA? LYMPHOMA? THIS MAY BE THE WORST--BRACE YOURSELF! I hate to tell you this, but the bovine leukemia virus is found in more than three of five dairy cows in the United States! This involves about 80% of dairy herds. Unfortunately, when the milk is pooled, a very large percentage of all milk produced is contaminated (90 to 95 per cent). Of course the virus is killed in pasteurisation-- if the pasteurisation was done correctly. What if the milk is raw? In a study of randomly collected raw milk samples the bovine leukemia virus was recovered from two-thirds. I sincerely hope that the raw milk dairy herds are carefully monitored when compared to the regular herds. (Science 1981; 213:1014). This is a world-wide problem. One lengthy study from Germany deplored the problem and admitted the impossibility of keeping the virus from infected cows' milk from the rest of the milk. Several European countries, including Germany and Switzerland, have attempted to "cull" the infected cows from their herds. Certainly the United States must be the leader in the fight against leukemic dairy cows, right? Wrong! We are the worst in the world with the former exception of Venezuela according to Virgil Hulse MD, a milk specialist who also has a B.S. in Dairy Manufacturing as well as a Master's degree in Public Health. As mentioned, the leukemia virus is rendered inactive by pasteurisation. Of course. However, there can be Chernobyl like accidents. One of these occurred in the Chicago area in April, 1985. At a modern, large, milk processing plant an accidental "cross connection" between raw and pasteurized milk occurred. A violent salmonella outbreak followed, killing 4 and making an estimated 150,000 ill. Now the question I would pose to the dairy industry people is this: "How can you assure the people who drank this milk that they were not exposed to the ingestion of raw, unkilled, bully active bovine leukemia viruses?" Further, it would be fascinating to know if a "cluster" of leukemia cases blossoms in that area in 1 to 3 decades. There are reports of "leukemia clusters" elsewhere, one of them mentioned in the June 10, 1990 San Francisco Chronicle involving Northern California. What happens to other species of mammals when they are exposed to the bovine leukemia virus? It's a fair question and the answer is not reassuring. Virtually all animals exposed to the virus develop leukemia. This includes sheep, goats, and even primates such as rhesus monkeys and chimpanzees. The route of transmission includes ingestion (both intravenous and intramuscular) and cells present in milk. There are obviously no instances of transfer attempts to human beings, but we know that the virus can infect human cells in vitro. There is evidence of human antibody formation to the bovine leukemia virus; this is disturbing. How did the bovine leukemia virus particles gain access to humans and become antigens? Was it as small, denatured particles? If the bovine leukemia viruses causes human leukemia, we could expect the dairy states with known leukemic herds to have a higher incidence of human leukemia. Is this so? Unfortunately, it seems to be the case! Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota, Minnesota and Wisconsin have statistically higher incidence of leukemia than the national average. In Russia and in Sweden, areas with uncontrolled bovine leukemia virus have been linked with increases in human leukemia. I am also told that veterinarians have higher rates of leukemia than the general public. Dairy farmers have significantly elevated leukemia rates. Recent research shows lymphocytes from milk fed to neonatal mammals gains access to bodily tissues by passing directly through the intestinal wall. An optimistic note from the University of Illinois, Ubana from the Department of Animal Sciences shows the importance of one's perspective. Since they are concerned with the economics of milk and not primarily the health aspects, they noted that the production of milk was greater in the cows with the bovine leukemia virus. However when the leukemia produced a persistent and significant lymphocytosis (increased white blood cell count), the production fell off. They suggested "a need to re-evaluate the economic impact of bovine leukemia virus infection on the dairy industry". Does this mean that leukemia is good for profits only if we can keep it under control? You can get the details on this business concern from Proc. Nat. Acad. Sciences, U.S. Feb. 1989. I added emphasis and am insulted that a university department feels that this is an economic and not a human health issue. Do not expect help from the Department of Agriculture or the universities. The money stakes and the political pressures are too great. You're on you own. What does this all mean? We know that virus is capable of producing leukemia in other animals. Is it proven that it can contribute to human leukemia (or lymphoma, a related cancer)? Several articles tackle this one: 1.Epidemiologic Relationships of the Bovine Population and Human Leukemia in Iowa. Am Journal of Epidemiology 112 (1980):80 2.Milk of Dairy Cows Frequently Contains a Leukemogenic Virus. Science 213 (1981): 1014 3.Beware of the Cow. (Editorial) Lancet 2 (1974):30 4.Is Bovine Milk A Health Hazard?. Pediatrics; Suppl. Feeding the Normal Infant. 75:182-186; 1985 In Norway, 1422 individuals were followed for 11 and a half years. Those drinking 2 or more glasses of milk per day had 3.5 times the incidence of cancer of the lymphatic organs. British Med. Journal 61:456-9, March 1990. One of the more thoughtful articles on this subject is from Allan S. Cunningham of Cooperstown, New York. Writing in the Lancet, November 27, 1976 (page 1184), his article is entitled, "Lymphomas and Animal-Protein Consumption". Many people think of milk as “liquid meat” and Dr. Cunningham agrees with this. He tracked the beef and dairy consumption in terms of grams per day for a one year period, 1955-1956., in 15 countries . New Zealand, United States and Canada were highest in that order. The lowest was Japan followed by Yugoslavia and France. The difference between the highest and lowest was quite pronounced: 43.8 grams/day for New Zealanders versus 1.5 for Japan. Nearly a 30-fold difference! (Parenthetically, the last 36 years have seen a startling increase in the amount of beef and milk used in Japan and their disease patterns are reflecting this, confirming the lack of 'genetic protection' seen in migration studies. Formerly the increase in frequency of lymphomas in Japanese people was only in those who moved to the USA)! An interesting bit of trivia is to note the memorial built at the Gyokusenji Temple in Shimoda, Japan. This marked the spot where the first cow was killed in Japan for human consumption! The chains around this memorial were a gift from the US Navy. Where do you suppose the Japanese got the idea to eat beef? The year? 1930. Cunningham found a highly significant positive correlation between deaths from lymphomas and beef and dairy ingestion in the 15 countries analysed. A few quotations from his article follow: The average intake of protein in many countries is far in excess of the recommended requirements. Excessive consumption of animal protein may be one co-factor in the causation of lymphomas by acting in the following manner. Ingestion of certain proteins results in the adsorption of antigenic fragments through the gastrointestinal mucous membrane. This results in chronic stimulation of lymphoid tissue to which these fragments gain access "Chronic immunological stimulation causes lymphomas in laboratory animals and is believed to cause lymphoid cancers in men." The gastrointestinal mucous membrane is only a partial barrier to the absorption of food antigens, and circulating antibodies to food protein is commonplace especially potent lymphoid stimulants. Ingestion of cows' milk can produce generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and profound adenoid hypertrophy. It has been conservatively estimated that more than 100 distinct antigens are released by the normal digestion of cows' milk which evoke production of all antibody classes [This may explain why pasteurized, killed viruses are still antigenic and can still cause disease. Here's more. A large prospective study from Norway was reported in the British Journal of Cancer 61 (3):456-9, March 1990. (Almost 16,000 individuals were followed for 11 and a half years). For most cancers there was no association between the tumour and milk ingestion. However, in lymphoma, there was a strong positive association. If one drank two glasses or more daily (or the equivalent in dairy products), the odds were 3.4 times greater than in persons drinking less than one glass of developing a lymphoma. There are two other cow-related diseases that you should be aware of. At this time they are not known to be spread by the use of dairy products and are not known to involve man. The first is bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and the second is the bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). The first of these diseases, we hope, is confined to England and causes cavities in the animal's brain. Sheep have long been known to suffer from a disease called scrapie. It seems to have been started by the feeding of contaminated sheep parts, especially brains, to the British cows. Now, use your good sense. Do cows seem like carnivores? Should they eat meat? This profit-motivated practice backfired and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or Mad Cow Disease, swept Britain. The disease literally causes dementia in the unfortunate animal and is 100 per cent incurable. To date, over 100,000 cows have been incinerated in England in keeping with British law. Four hundred to 500 cows are reported as infected each month. The British public is concerned and has dropped its beef consumption by 25 per cent, while some 2,000 schools have stopped serving beef to children. Several farmers have developed a fatal disease syndrome that resembles both BSE and CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob- Disease). But the British Veterinary Association says that transmission of BSE to humans is "remote." The USDA agrees that the British epidemic was due to the feeding of cattle with bonemeal or animal protein produced at rendering plants from the carcasses of scrapie-infected sheep. The have prohibited the importation of live cattle and zoo ruminants from Great Britain and claim that the disease does not exist in the United States. However, there may be a problem. "Downer cows" are animals who arrive at auction yards or slaughter houses dead, trampled, lacerated, dehydrated, or too ill from viral or bacterial diseases to walk. Thus they are "down." If they cannot respond to electrical shocks by walking, they are dragged by chains to dumpsters and transported to rendering plants where, if they are not already dead, they are killed. Even a "humane" death is usually denied them. They are then turned into protein food for animals as well as other preparations. Minks that have been fed this protein have developed a fatal encephalopathy that has some resemblance to BSE. Entire colonies of minks have been lost in this manner, particularly in Wisconsin. It is feared that the infective agent is a prion or slow virus possible obtained from the ill "downer cows." The British Medical Journal in an editorial whimsically entitled "How Now Mad Cow?" (BMJ vol. 304, 11 Apr. 1992:929- 30) describes cases of BSE in species not previously known to be affected, such as cats. They admit that produce contaminated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy entered the human food chain in England between 1986 and 1989. They say. "The result of this experiment is awaited." As the incubation period can be up to three decades, wait we must. The immunodeficency virus is seen in cattle in the United States and is more worrisome. Its structure is closely related to that of the human AIDS virus. At this time we do not know if exposure to the raw BIV proteins can cause the sera of humans to become positive for HIV. The extent of the virus among American herds is said to be "widespread". (The USDA refuses to inspect the meat and milk to see if antibodies to this retrovirus is present). It also has no plans to quarantine the infected animals. As in the case of humans with AIDS, there is no cure for BIV in cows. Each day we consume beef and diary products from cows infected with these viruses and no scientific assurance exists that the products are safe. Eating raw beef (as in steak Tartare) strikes me as being very risky, especially after the Seattle E. coli deaths of 1993. A report in the Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, October 1992, Vol. 56 pp.353-359 and another from the Russian literature, tell of a horrifying development. They report the first detection in human serum of the antibody to a bovine immunodeficiency virus protein. In addition to this disturbing report, is another from Russia telling us of the presence of virus proteins related to the bovine leukemia virus in 5 of 89 women with breast disease (Acta Virologica Feb. 1990 34(1): 19-26). The implications of these developments are unknown at present. However, it is safe to assume that these animal viruses are unlikely to "stay" in the animal kingdom. OTHER CANCERS--DOES IT GET WORSE? Unfortunately it does. Ovarian cancer--a particularly nasty tumour--was associated with milk consumption by workers at Roswell Park Memorial Institute in Buffalo, New York. Drinking more than one glass of whole milk or equivalent daily gave a woman a 3.1 times risk over non-milk users. They felt that the reduced fat milk products helped reduce the risk. This association has been made repeatedly by numerous investigators. Another important study, this from the Harvard Medical School, analyzed data from 27 countries mainly from the 1970s. Again a significant positive correlation is revealed between ovarian cancer and per capita milk consumption. These investigators feel that the lactose component of milk is the responsible fraction, and the digestion of this is facilitated by the persistence of the ability to digest the lactose (lactose persistence) - a little different emphasis, but the same conclusion. This study was reported in the American Journal of Epidemiology 130 (5): 904-10 Nov. 1989. These articles come from two of the country's leading institutions, not the Rodale Press or Prevention Magazine. Even lung cancer has been associated with milk ingestion? The beverage habits of 569 lung cancer patients and 569 controls again at Roswell Park were studied in the International Journal of Cancer, April 15, 1989. Persons drinking whole milk 3 or more times daily had a 2-fold increase in lung cancer risk when compared to those never drinking whole milk. For many years we have been watching the lung cancer rates for Japanese men who smoke far more than American or European men but who develop fewer lung cancers. Workers in this research area feel that the total fat intake is the difference. There are not many reports studying an association between milk ingestion and prostate cancer. One such report though was of great interest. This is from the Roswell Park Memorial Institute and is found in Cancer 64 (3): 605-12, 1989. They analyzed the diets of 371 prostate cancer patients and comparable control subjects: Men who reported drinking three or more glasses of whole milk daily had a relative risk of 2.49 compared with men who reported never drinking whole milk the weight of the evidence appears to favour the hypothesis that animal fat is related to increased risk of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is now the most common cancer diagnosed in US men and is the second leading cause of cancer mortality. WELL, WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS? Is there any health reason at all for an adult human to drink cows' milk? It's hard for me to come up with even one good reason other than simple preference. But if you try hard, in my opinion, these would be the best two: milk is a source of calcium and it's a source of amino acids (proteins). Let's look at the calcium first. Why are we concerned at all about calcium? Obviously, we intend it to build strong bones and protect us against osteoporosis. And no doubt about it, milk is loaded with calcium. But is it a good calcium source for humans? I think not. These are the reasons. Excessive amounts of dairy products actually interfere with calcium absorption. Secondly, the excess of protein that the milk provides is a major cause of the osteoporosis problem. Dr. H egsted in England has been writing for years about the geographical distribution of osteoporosis. It seems that the countries with the highest intake of dairy products are invariably the countries with the most osteoporosis. He feels that milk is a cause of osteoporosis. Reasons to be given below. Numerous studies have shown that the level of calcium ingestion and especially calcium supplementation has no effect whatever on the development of osteoporosis. The most important such article appeared recently in the British Journal of Medicine where the long arm of our dairy industry can't reach. Another study in the United States actually showed a worsening in calcium balance in post-menopausal women given three 8-ounce glasses of cows' milk per day. (Am. Journal of Clin. Nutrition, 1985). The effects of hormone, gender, weight bearing on the axial bones, and in particular protein intake, are critically important. Another observation that may be helpful to our analysis is to note the absence of any recorded dietary deficiencies of calcium among people living on a natural diet without milk. For the key to the osteoporosis riddle, don’t look at calcium, look at protein. Consider these two contrasting groups. Eskimos have an exceptionally high protein intake estimated at 25 percent of total calories. They also have a high calcium intake at 2,500 mg/day. Their osteoporosis is among the worst in the world. The other instructive group are the Bantus of South Africa. They have a 12 percent protein diet, mostly p lant protein, and only 200 to 350 mg/day of calcium, about half our women's intake. The women have virtually no osteoporosis despite bearing six or more children and nursing them for prolonged periods! When African women immigrate to the United States, do they develop osteoporosis? The answer is yes, but not quite are much as Caucasian or Asian women. Thus, there is a genetic difference that is modified by diet. To answer the obvious question, "Well, where do you get your calcium?" The answer is: "From exactly the same place the cow gets the calcium, from green things that grow in the ground," mainly from leafy vegetables. After all, elephants and rhinos develop their huge bones (after being weaned) by eating green leafy plants, so do horses. Carnivorous animals also do quite nicely without leafy plants. It seems that all of earth's mammals do well if they live in harmony with their genetic programming and natural food. Only humans living an affluent life style have rampant osteoporosis. If animal references do not convince you, think of the several billion humans on this earth who have never seen cows' milk. Wouldn't you think osteoporosis would be prevalent in this huge group? The dairy people would suggest this but the truth is exactly the opposite. They have far less than that seen in the countries where dairy products are commonly consumed. It is the subject of another paper, but the truly significant determinants of osteoporosis are grossly excessive protein intakes and lack of weight bearing on long bones, both taking place over decades. Hormones play a secondary, but not trivial role in women. Milk is a deterrent to good bone health. THE PROTEIN MYTH Remember when you were a kid and the adults all told you to "make sure you get plenty of good protein". Protein was the nutritional "good guy”" when I was young. And of course milk is fitted right in. As regards protein, milk is indeed a rich source of protein- -"liquid meat," remember? However that isn't necessarily what we need. In actual fact it is a source of difficulty. Nearly all Americans eat too much protein. For this information we rely on the most authoritative source that I am aware of. This is the latest edition (1oth, 1989: 4th printing, Jan. 1992) of the Recommended Dietary Allowances produced by the National Research Council. Of interest, the current editor of this important work is Dr. Richard Havel of the University of California in San Francisco. First to be noted is that the recommended protein has been steadily revised downward in successive editions. The current recommendation is 0.75 g/kilo/day for adults 19 through 51 years. This, of course, is only 45 grams per day for the mythical 60 kilogram adult. You should also know that the WHO estimated the need for protein in adults to by .6g/kilo per day. (All RDA's are calculated with large safety allowances in case you're the type that wants to add some more to "be sure.") You can "get by" on 28 to 30 grams a day if necessary! Now 45 grams a day is a tiny amount of protein. That's an ounce and a half! Consider too, that the protein does not have to be animal protein. Vegetable protein is identical for all practical purposes and has no cholesterol and vastly less saturated fat. (Do not be misled by the antiquated belief that plant proteins must be carefully balanced to avoid deficiencies. This is not a realistic concern.) Therefore virtually all Americans, Canadians, British and European people are in a protein overloaded state. This has serious consequences when maintained over decades. The problems are the already mentioned osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and kidney damage. There is good evidence that certain malignancies, chiefly colon and rectal, are related to excessive meat intake. Barry Brenner, an eminent renal physiologist was the first to fully point out the dangers of excess protein for the kidney tubule. The dangers of the fat and cholesterol are known to all. Finally, you should know that the protein content of human milk is amount the lowest (0.9%) in mammals. IS THAT ALL OF THE TROUBLE? Sorry, there's more. Remember lactose? This is the principal carbohydrate of milk. It seems that nature provides new- borns with the enzymatic equipment to metabolize lactose, but this ability often extinguishes by age 4 or 5 years. What is the problem with lactose or milk sugar? It seems that it is a disaccharide which is too large to be absorbed into the blood stream without first being broken down into monosaccharides, namely galactose and glucose. This requires the presence of an enzyme, lactase plus additional enzymes to break down the galactose into glucose. Let's think about his for a moment. Nature gives us the ability to metabolize lactose for a few years and then shuts off the mechanism. Is Mother Nature trying to tell us something? Clearly all infants must drink milk. The fact that so many adults cannot seems to be related to the tendency for nature to abandon mechanisms that are not needed. At least half of the adult humans on this earth are lactose intolerant. It was not until the relatively recent introduction of dairy herding and the ability to "borrow" milk from another group of mammals that the survival advantage of preserving lactase (the enzyme that allows us to digest lactose) became evident. But why would it be advantageous to drink cows' milk? After all, most of the human beings in the history of the world did. And further, why was it just the white or light skinned humans who retained this knack while the pigmented people tended to lose it? Some students of evolution feel that white skin is a fairly recent innovation, perhaps not more than 20,000 or 30,000 years old. It clearly has to do with the Northward migration of early man to cold and relatively sunless areas when skins and clothing became available. Fair skin allows the production of Vitamin D from sunlight more readily than does dark skin. However, when only the face was exposed to sunlight that area of fair skin was insufficient to provide the vitamin D from sunlight. If dietary and sunlight sources were poorly available, the ability to use the abundant calcium in cows' milk would give a survival advantage to humans who could digest that milk. This seems to be the only logical explanation for fair skinned humans having a high degree of lactose tolerance when compared to dark skinned people. How does this break down? Certain racial groups, namely blacks are up to 90% lactose intolerant as adults. Caucasians are 20 to 40% lactose intolerant. Orientals are midway between the above two groups. Diarrhea, gas and abdominal cramps are the results of substantial milk intake in such persons. Most American Indians cannot tolerate milk. The milk industry admits that lactose intolerance plays intestinal havoc with as many as 50 million Americans. A lactose-intolerance industry has sprung up and had sales of $117 million in 1992 (Time May 17, 1993.) What if you are lactose-intolerant and lust after dairy products? Is all lost? Not at all. It seems that lactose is largely digested by bacteria and you will be able to enjoy your cheese despite lactose intolerance. Yogurt is similar in this respect. Finally, and I could never have dreamed this up, geneticists want to splice genes to alter the composition of milk (Am J Clin Nutr 1993 Suppl 302s). One could quibble and say that milk is totally devoid of fiber content and that its habitual use will predispose to constipation and bowel disorders. The association with anemia and occult intestinal bleeding in infants is known to all physicians. This is chiefly from its lack of iron and its irritating qualities for the intestinal mucosa. The pediatric literature abounds with articles describing irritated intestinal lining, bleeding, increased permeability as well as colic, diarrhea and vomiting in cows'milk-sensitive babies. The anemia gets a double push by loss of blood and iron as well as deficiency of iron in the cows' milk. Milk is also the leading cause of childhood allergy. LOW FAT One additional topic: the matter of "low fat" milk. A common and sincere question is: "Well, low fat milk is OK, isn't it?" The answer to this question is that low fat milk isn't low fat. The term "low fat" is a marketing term used to gull the public. Low fat milk contains from 24 to 33% fat as calories! The 2% figure is also misleading. This refers to weight. They don't tell you that, by weight, the milk is 87% water! "Well, then, kill-joy surely you must approve of non-fat milk!" I hear this quite a bit. (Another constant concern is: "What do you put on your cereal?") True, there is little or no fat, but now you have a relative overburden of protein and lactose. It there is something that we do not need more of it is another simple sugar-lactose, composed of galactose and glucose. Millions of Americans are lactose intolerant to boot, as noted. As for protein, as stated earlier, we live in a society that routinely ingests far more protein than we need. It is a burden for our bodies, especially the kidneys, and a prominent cause of osteoporosis. Concerning the dry cereal issue, I would suggest soy milk, rice milk or almond milk as a healthy substitute. If you're still concerned about calcium, "Westsoy" is formulated to have the same calcium concentration as milk. SUMMARY To my thinking, there is only one valid reason to drink milk or use milk products. That is just because we simply want to. Because we like it and because it has become a part of our culture. Because we have become accustomed to its taste and texture. Because we like the way it slides down our throat. Because our parents did the very best they could for us and provided milk in our earliest training and conditioning. They taught us to like it. And then probably the very best reason is ice cream! I've heard it described "to die for". I had one patient who did exactly that. He had no obvious vices. He didn't smoke or drink, he didn’t eat meat, his diet and lifestyle was nearly a perfectly health promoting one; but he had a passion. You guessed it, he loved rich ice cream. A pint of the richest would be a lean day's ration for him. On many occasions he would eat an entire quart - and yes there were some cookies and other pastries. Good ice cream deserves this after all. He seemed to be in good health despite some expected "middle age spread" when he had a devastating stroke which left him paralyzed, miserable and helpless, and he had additional strokes and d ied several years later never having left a hospital or rehabilitation unit. Was he old? I don't think so. He was in his 50s. So don't drink milk for health. I am convinced on the weight of the scientific evidence that it does not "do a body good." Inclusion of milk will only reduce your diet's nutritional value and safety. Most of the people on this planet live very healthfully without cows' milk. You can too. It will be difficult to change; we've been conditioned since childhood to think of milk as "nature's most perfect food." I'll guarantee you that it will be safe, improve your health and it won't cost anything. What can you lose? es esta pagina link http://notmilk.com/kradjian.html The most important information dissemination my. Not that, but I can make your text too long jajaja. If I write bad is that I am leading a translator jaja

Who would vote for Mitt Romney on his record? I have finally, after extensive research found part of his record. Wow, what a record.!! I am posting my findings with this question for those who doesn't like to open web sites. News * All News * In The News * Press Releases * Speeches * Debate Central * Word On The Web * Photo Gallery * Events * Chat Archive The Fourteenth Republican Debate From Florida Pat Buchanan: "His Performance Was Flawless" Thursday, Jan 24, 2008 11:56 PM EDT What They're Really Saying About Governor Mitt Romney At The Boca Raton, FL GOP Debate - Vol. II Thursday, Jan 24, 2008 11:55 PM EDT MSNBC'S Chuck Todd: "Romney looks good and sounds confident tonight." (Chuck Todd, "Romney Starting Off Well Tonight," MSNBC's First Read, http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/, Posted 1/24/08) The Atlantic's Marc Ambinder: "Romney made a strong first impression." (Marc Ambinder, "Live Twittering Of The Debate," The Atlantic, http://twitter.com/marcambinder, Posted 1/24/08) Captain's Quarters' Ed Morrissey: "Florida voters got their final head-to-head look at the Republican presidential candidates tonight, and the winner of the debate was Mitt Romney." (Ed Morrissey, "Florida Debate: Romney Scores, Rudy Close Behind," Captain's Quarters' Blog, www.captainsquartersblog.com, Posted 1/24/08) - Morrissey: "He looked presidential, poised, and factually prepared." (Ed Morrissey, "Florida Debate: Romney Scores, Rudy Close Behind," Captain's Quarters' Blog, www.captainsquartersblog.com, Posted 1/24/08) - Morrissey: "In a debate that spent the first two-thirds with everyone doing well, Romney not only broke out on his own in the last stanza, he successfully parried some strange attacks from Tim Russert as well." (Ed Morrissey, "Florida Debate: Romney Scores, Rudy Close Behind," Captain's Quarters' Blog, www.captainsquartersblog.com, Posted 1/24/08) Michelle Malkin: "Romney's being treated like the front-runner and he's acting like it." (Michelle Malkin, "GOP Florida Debate: Show Us The Conservatism," Michelle Malkin's Blog, http://michellemalkin.com/, Accessed 1/24/08) Townhall's Hugh Hewitt: "Mitt Romney should send a thank you card to Tim Russert and Brian Williams. They threw hard balls at the former Massachusetts governor and he hit them all, many out of the park. Romney's allocation of time had to be disproportionate, but that was the Williams/Russert choice, and Romney made the most of it." (Hugh Hewitt, "'General Hillary Clinton' And 'They're Doing It In Europe Now,'" Townhall Blog, http://hughhewitt.townhall.com/, Posted 1/24/08) - Hewitt: "Democrats watching tonight have to be very worried that Mitt Romney will be the GOP nominee." (Hugh Hewitt, "'General Hillary Clinton' And 'They're Doing It In Europe Now,'" Townhall Blog, http://hughhewitt.townhall.com/, Posted 1/24/08) American Spectator's Wlady: "Terrific Romney answer to Russert's nosiness about how much he's spent in Florida. Russert's mistake: his insinuation that he was asking the question on behalf of the people's right to know. Romney instead let it be known he'll report his spending on Jan. 31, as required by law; and there's no reason to give his opponents a competitive advantage." (Wlady, "Rich Man, Poor Man," AmSpec Blog, http://www.amspec.org/, Accessed 1/24/08) ABC News' Rick Klein: "Romney gets an initial question on the economy -- this is tailor made for him. ? He sounds authoritative and in control on this subject." (Rick Klein, "Live Blogging During GOP Debate," ABC News' Political Radar, http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalradar, Posted 1/24/08) National Journal's Jennifer Skalka: "Winners?Mitt Romney -- Mistake-free night." (Jennifer Skalka, "No Battle In Boca," National Journal's On Call, http://hotlineblog.nationaljournal.com/, Posted 1/24/08) Heading Right's Ed Morrissey: "Best line of the evening so far: General Hillary Clinton." (Ed Morrissey, "Best Line Of The Evening So Far," Heading Right Blog, http://headingright.com/, Accessed 1/24/08) - Morrissey: "Romney just delivered a hell of a punch against Hillary Clinton, Bill, and the Democrats." (Ed Morrissey, "Romney Lapping The Pack," Heading Right Blog, http://headingright.com/, Accessed 1/24/08) - Morrissey: "I am impressed." (Ed Morrissey, "Romney's Running Away With It!" Heading Right Blog, http://headingright.com/, Accessed 1/24/08) American Spectator's Phillip Klein: "Romney is clearly benefiting from the focus on the economy." (Phillip Klein, "Quick Debate Reaction," AmSpec Blog, http://www.amspec.org/blogger, Accessed 1/24/08) Heading Right's Fausta Wertz: "[Y]es, this is the Mitt Romney hour." (Fausta, "Back To Mitt," Heading Right Blog, http://headingright.com/, Accessed 1/24/08) Townhall's Matt Lewis: "If one had to assign a winner tonight, Mitt Romney would probably get the nod." (Matt Lewis, "GOP Debate Analysis: Florida Now A Two-Man Race," Townhall Blog, www.townhall.com, Posted 1/24/08) - Lewis: "The debate focused more on the economy than it did on any other topic, and I think he is more adept at talking about this topic than is his primary opponent, John McCain." (Matt Lewis, "GOP Debate Analysis: Florida Now A Two-Man Race," Townhall Blog, www.townhall.com, Posted 1/24/08) - Lewis: "He also did a good job of going after the Clintons -- something that McCain should have actually done more of." (Matt Lewis, "GOP Debate Analysis: Florida Now A Two-Man Race," Townhall Blog, www.townhall.com, Posted 1/24/08) - Lewis: "Romney was ahead in the last Florida poll I saw, and since nothing that happened tonight is likely to radically upset the apple cart, he wins tonight merely by maintaining the status quo." (Matt Lewis, "GOP Debate Analysis: Florida Now A Two-Man Race," Townhall Blog, www.townhall.com, Posted 1/24/08) What They're Really Saying About Governor Mitt Romney At The Boca Raton, FL GOP Debate Thursday, Jan 24, 2008 11:11 PM EDT MSNBC's Joe Scarborough: "I think conservatives probably related to Mitt Romney, talking about tax cuts, talking about being a governor, talking about what he did in the private sector for all those years. On the economic part of this debate, I don't think there is any doubt that this was Mitt Romney's best performance." (MSNBC's "Live," 1/24/08) - Scarborough: "The first 30 minutes - it was about the economy. I thought Mitt Romney absolutely dominated that segment of it." (MSNBC's "Live," 1/24/08) Time's Mark Halperin: "Romney A-" (Mark Halperin, "Who Wants To Be The Nominee?" Time's The Page, http://thepage.time.com/, Posted 1/24/08) MSNBC's Chuck Todd: "I thought this was Mitt Romney's best debate performance." (MSNBC's "Live," 1/24/08) National Review's Rich Lowry: "Romney has seemed authoritative – confident and on his game..." (Rich Lowry, "The Debate So Far," National Review's The Corner, http://corner.nationalreview.com/, Posted 1/24/08) - Lowry: "'We're the Party of Change' ... Home-run answer from Romney. It was drawn from his standard lines on the stump, but a terrific message, convincingly delivered." (Rich Lowry, "'We're The Party Of Change'," National Review's The Corner, http://corner.nationalreview.com/, Posted 1/24/08) - Lowry: "Good night for Romney." (Rich Lowry, "Good Night For Romney," National Review's The Corner, http://corner.nationalreview.com/, Posted 1/24/08) - Lowry: "Romney is dominating the last half-an-hour." (Rich Lowry, "In Terms Of Sheer Time..." National Review's The Corner, http://corner.nationalreview.com/, Posted 1/24/08) Townhall's Mary Katharine Ham: "Romney just stole that issue from both Rudy and McCain. His answer was intelligent and far-reaching. I liked the idea of high-risk areas getting together to pool risk. Rudy's been trying to pander with this idea and I think both Romney and McCain made the pandering look silly by taking a broader approach." (Mary Katharine Ham, "The Cat Fund," Townhall Blog, http://www.townhall.com/, Posted 1/24/08) National Review's Kate O'Beirne: "Romney's insights about his state's National Guard was helpful. He seems particularly aggressive and sure-footed tonight." (Kate O'Beirne, "On Offense," National Review's The Corner, http://corner.nationalreview.com/, Posted 1/24/08) Michelle Malkin: "Excellent Romney answer on Iraq. Strong, tough, focused on the surrendercrats. He takes on Dems for their withdrawalmania?cites debate in SC when Hillary refused to say she wanted to win and recycled Code Pink line." (Michelle Malkin, "GOP Florida Debate," http://michellemalkin.com/, Posted 1/24/08) - Malkin: "Romney excoriates Dems and says 'how dare they' take credit for surge." (Michelle Malkin, "GOP Florida Debate," http://michellemalkin.com/, Posted 1/24/08) - Malkin: "Romney just out-McCained McCain on the war." (Michelle Malkin, "GOP Florida Debate," http://michellemalkin.com/, Posted 1/24/08) The Atlantic's Marc Ambinder: "Romney was swell on the economy..." (Marc Ambinder, "Romney Made A Strong First Impression... No One Tried To Jab At Him," Twitter Blog, http://twitter.com/marcambinder, Posted 1/24/08) Hot Air's Bryan Preston: "Mitt Romney is asked whether the war in Iraq was worth the sacrifice and effort. He delivers the best answer of the bunch and punches the hippies in the Democrat party to boot." (Bryan Preston, "Debate Highlights: Huckabee On The Economic Stimulus; Romney On Iraq," Hot Air, http://hotair.com/, Posted 1/24/08) Joe Scarborough: "Mitt Romney Absolutely Dominated" Thursday, Jan 24, 2008 11:00 PM EDT Governor Mitt Romney Lays Out The Vision To Strengthen America Thursday, Jan 24, 2008 10:38 PM EDT Tonight, Romney for President Communications Director Matt Rhoades released the following statement on the Florida Republican presidential debate: "The economic challenges confronting our country were central to tonight's debate. Governor Romney is the only candidate with a record of working in the real economy and creating jobs. That experience was on display tonight. He understands how to create jobs and how to bring change. That is the leadership we need in Washington, and in a few short days, the people of Florida will cast their votes for change in this country." Straight Talk Detour: McCain On Republican Vote Totals Thursday, Jan 24, 2008 10:30 PM EDT McCain Falsely Claimed That He Won Among Republicans In NH And SC In Tonight's Debate, Sen. McCain Falsely Claimed That He Won The Republican Vote In Both New Hampshire And South Carolina: MCCAIN: "But Look, I Won The Majority Of Republican Vote In Both New Hampshire And South Carolina." (MSNBC, [Unverified Transcript], Republican Presidential Candidate Debate, Boca Raton, FL, 1/24/08) However, Sen. McCain Lost In Both New Hampshire And South Carolina Among Self-Identified Conservatives And Republicans : McCain Lost Among Self-Identified Republicans In New Hampshire. "In New Hampshire, a state McCain had won in 2000 and lavished time and attention on this time around, he lost self-identified Republicans narrowly -- 35 percent to 34 percent -- to former governor Mitt Romney. But, it was among independents where McCain's winning margin came as he won that bloc by 13 points over Romney." (Chris Cillizza, "McCain And The Closed Primary Challenge," Washington Post's The Fix, http://blog.washingtonpost.com/, 1/24/08) McCain Lost Among Republicans In South Carolina. "In South Carolina, McCain lost Republicans by a statistically insignificant margin, but carried independents by a massive 42 percent to 25 percent margin -- ensuring his narrow three-point victory." (Chris Cillizza, "McCain And The Closed Primary Challenge," Washington Post's The Fix, http://blog.washingtonpost.com/,1/24/08) Conservatives Are Wary Of McCain's Past Tendencies And Willingness To Team Up With Liberal Senators. "McCain has long had difficulty currying favor from his party's conservative wing. Despite his solid voting record in the senate, many ardent Republicans have been unhappy with his past willingness to team up with liberal Sens. Russ Feingold on campaign finance reform and Ted Kennedy on immigration." (Alexander Mooney, "McCain Brushes Aside Suggestion Of Weak Republican Support," http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/01/20/mccain-brushes-aside-suggestion-of-weak-republican-support/, 1/20/08) "Support from the base will be crucial in upcoming contests: McCain now faces a bevy of state primaries where independents are not allowed to participate, beginning with Florida's vote on January 29. But the Arizona senator is predicting that his support among veterans, his economic proposals, and his record on environmental issues important to many Floridians will carry him to victory there." (Alexander Mooney, "McCain Brushes Aside Suggestion Of Weak Republican Support," http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/01/20/mccain-brushes-aside-suggestion-of-weak-republican-support/, 1/20/08) Gov. Romney: Working Together On Social Security Thursday, Jan 24, 2008 10:20 PM EDT Romney Record: A Stronger State Economy Thursday, Jan 24, 2008 09:49 PM EDT Governor Romney Helped Turn Around The Massachusetts Economy And Today, The State Is Among The Most Economically Competitive In The Nation: Because of work done by Governor Romney, Massachusetts is now credited with being one of the most economically-competitive states in the nation. - The Boston Globe : "Nonetheless, Romney's policies are credited with improving the state's competitiveness. His administration promoted high-density development to increase housing production, got a fast-track permitting law enacted by the Legislature to help businesses expand, and revived an agency to help firms move to the state." (Brian Mooney, Stephanie Ebbert and Scott Helman, "Ambitious Goals," The Boston Globe, 6/30/07) - The Beacon Hill Institute: Massachusetts "One Of The Most Economically Competitive States In The Nation." "Massachusetts ranks as the one of the most economically competitive states in the nation, buoyed by innovation, entrepreneurship, and an educated and skilled workforce, a new study concludes. The study, released today by the Beacon Hill Institute, a think tank at Suffolk University, ranks Massachusetts second only to Utah in the attributes that create and sustain high levels of income for residents." (Robert Gavin, "Reports: Mass. A Top U.S. Economic Competitor," The Boston Globe, 12/19/07) - The Information Technology And Innovation Foundation: Massachusetts First In The Ability "To Compete In A Dynamic, Innovation-Driven Global Economy." "It follows another study, by the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, a Washington think tank, that measures states' abilities to compete in a dynamic, innovation-driven global economy and ranks Massachusetts first." (Robert Gavin, "Reports: Mass. A Top U.S. Economic Competitor," The Boston Globe, 12/19/07) - Under Governor Romney, The State's Credit Rating Was Upgraded For The First Time Since January 2000. "Governor Mitt Romney today announced that Standard & Poor's has raised the state's credit rating one notch, from 'AA-' to 'AA'. This is the state's first ratings upgrade since January 2000, when Moody's Investors Service raised the state's credit rating from 'Aa3' to 'Aa2'." (Office Of Governor Mitt Romney, "Governor Romney Announces Bond Rating Upgrade For Commonwealth's Debate," Press Release, 3/15/05) - MassINC And Northeastern University Report: "The Massachusetts economy is the envy of many other states. Our economy consistently ranks among the top in measures of New Economy success. We rank near the top of the nation in our level of labor productivity and have outpaced the nation in recent years in the rate of growth. We have the most educated workforce in the nation. We also score near the top in terms of knowledge jobs and innovation capacity." (MassINC & The Northeastern University Center For Labor Market Studies, "Mass Jobs: Meeting The Challenges Of A Shifting Economy," November 2007) Under Governor Romney, Massachusetts Added Tens Of Thousands Of Jobs After The End Of A Deep Recession: Before Governor Romney took office, Massachusetts was losing jobs month after month after the tech bubble burst in 2001. Under Governor Jane Swift, Sen. McCain's chief Massachusetts surrogate, the state lost over 140,000 jobs. - Massachusetts "Suffered The Deepest Job Losses In The Nation After The Tech Boom." "Massachusetts, because of its large technology sector, suffered the deepest job losses in the nation after the tech boom went bust in 2001, shedding 6 percent of its jobs, compared to 2 percent nationally." (Robert Gavin, "Job-Growth Study: Mass. Next To Last," The Boston Globe, 11/28/07) - Under The Previous Administration, Massachusetts Lost Jobs Month After Month. Under Governor Swift, Massachusetts lost 141,000 votes. (Bureau Of Labor Statistics, "State And Area Employment, Hours, And Earnings," Massachusetts, Total Non-Farm, Seasonally Adjusted, Accessed 1/21/08) Under Governor Romney, jobs began to return to Massachusetts. Massachusetts added 57,600 jobs after the recession ended in December 2003. In 2006 alone, Massachusetts added 18,700 jobs. - Massachusetts Added 57,600 Jobs Since The Recession's End In December 2003 Until The End Of Governor Romney's Term. "Massachusetts has added 57,600 payroll jobs since December 2003." (Massachusetts Department Of Workforce Development, "Jobs In Massachusetts Up By 1,700 In December," Press Release, 1/18/07) - In 2006, Massachusetts Added 18,700 Jobs. "Total jobs are up 18,700 from one year ago to 3,224,700." (Mass. Department Of Workforce Development, "Jobs In Massachusetts Up By 1,700 In December," Press Release, 1/18/07) - Under Governor Romney, Massachusetts Posted The First Gain In Manufacturing Jobs In Several Years. "For the first time in several years, Massachusetts has posted a gain in manufacturing jobs, according to the 2007 Massachusetts Manufacturers Register, an industrial directory published annually by Manufacturers' News, Inc. (MNI), Evanston, IL. MNI reports Massachusetts has added 3,681 net jobs since August of 2005, indicating a slight reversal in the downturn the Bay state has felt since 2001." (Manufacturers' News, "Industrial Directory Reports Massachusetts Manufacturing Jobs Up," Press Release, 8/30/06) Under Governor Romney, personal incomes grew dramatically, and the level of personal income was far higher than the national average. - During Governor Romney's Term, Massachusetts Per Capita Personal Income (PCPI) Grew By 17%, Outpacing Per Capita Personal Income Growth For The Entire United States. In 2003, Massachusetts per capita personal income was $39,442 and rose to $46,255 in 2006. (Department Of Commerce, Bureau Of Economic Analysis, "State Annual Personal Income," www.bea.gov, Accessed: 1/21/08) - In 2006, Massachusetts Had A Per Capita Personal Income (PCPI) Of $46,255. This PCPI Ranked 3rd In The United States And Was 126 Percent Of The National Average, $36,629. (Department Of Commerce, Bureau Of Economic Analysis, "State BEARFACTS 1996 – 2006: Massachusetts," Accessed: 1/21/08) Under Governor Romney, Massachusetts Became A Better Place To Do Business: Under Governor Romney, the business climate improved and more companies were attracted to Massachusetts. - In Three Years Under Governor Romney, The Number Of Companies In The State's Development Pipeline Went From 13 To 288. "Under Ranch C. Kimball, who became Romney's secretary of economic development in 2004, the number of companies in the Massachusetts development pipeline jumped from 13 to 288 in three years." (Brian C. Mooney, Stephanie Ebbert And Scott Helman, "Ambitious Goals," The Boston Globe, 6/30/07) - The Boston Globe : "Last year, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. chose an 89-acre site at the former Fort Devens over one in North Carolina for a $660 million complex that will create 550 jobs. The deal required a customized tax credit, a $34 million infrastructure bond, and an unusual show of teamwork by Romney and the Legislature." (Brian Mooney, Stephanie Ebbert And Scott Helman, "Ambitious Goals," The Boston Globe, 6/30/07) Governor Romney took the action necessary to improve the state's business climate and stimulate the economy through pro-growth economic policies. - ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE: In November 2003, Governor Romney Signed An Economic Stimulus Package To Help Spur The Massachusetts Economy. (Office Of Governor Mitt Romney, "Romney Signs Economic Stimulus, Supplemental Budget Bills," Press Release, 11/26/03) - ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE: In June 2006, Governor Romney Signed A Second Economic Stimulus Package To Help Spur The Massachusetts Economy. (Office Of Governor Mitt Romney, "Romney Vetoes Wasteful Spending, Cities Needed To Maintain Fiscal Discipline," Press Release, 11/26/03) - 2004 SALES TAX HOLIDAY: Governor Romney Enacted The State's First-Ever Sales Tax Holiday In 2004. (Office Of Governor Mitt Romney, "Romney Promotes Tax-Free Shopping Day On Saturday," Press Release, 8/14/04) - 2005 SALES TAX HOLIDAY: Governor Romney Enacted A Second Sales Tax Holiday. (Office Of Governor Mitt Romney, "Romney, Dimasi, Hart Promote Tax-Free Shopping Weekend," Press Release, 8/14/0) - INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT: Governor Romney Signed An Economic Stimulus Package Making The Investment Tax Credit (ITC) Permanent. (Office Of Governor Mitt Romney, "Romney Signs Economic Stimulus, Supplemental Budget Bills," Press Release, 11/26/03) - BIOTECH MANUFACTURING JOBS TAX REBATE: Governor Romney Proposed And Enacted A Tax Rebate For Manufacturing Jobs Created In The Biotechnology, Life Sciences And Medical Device Fields. (Office Of Governor Mitt Romney, "Romney Signs Economic Stimulus, Supplemental Budget Bills," Press Release, 11/26/03) - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TAX CREDIT: Governor Romney Proposed And Enacted An Expansion Of The Research And Development Tax Credit. (Jay Fitzgerald, "Gov Nearly Halves Package; Rebellious Legislators Vow To Override Stimulus Vetoes," The Boston Herald, 11/27/03) - COMMUTER TAX RELIEF: Governor Romney Signed Legislation Allowing Commuters To Deduct Transportation Costs From Their Income Taxes. (Office Of Governor Mitt Romney, "Governor Romney Signs $25.2 Billion FY 2007 State Budget," Press Release, 7/8/06) - BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT: Governor Romney Proposed And Enacted A Refundable Tax Credit To Promote Development At The Former Fort Devens U.S. Army Base. (Stephen Heuser, "$660M Drug Plant, 550 Jobs For Mass.," The Boston Globe, 6/2/06) - PERMITTING REFORM: In August 2006, Governor Romney Signed Permitting Reform To Expedite The Permit Process For New Businesses. "Governor Mitt Romney today signed legislation that reforms and streamlines the commercial permitting process, making it easier for companies to expand and add jobs in Massachusetts." (Office Of Governor Mitt Romney, "Romney Signs Permitting Reform Into Law," Press Release, 8/2/06) - INFRASTRUCTURE: Governor Romney Created A $200 Million Fund To Help Businesses Pay For The Infrastructure Costs Of Growing And Expanding. "The Governor signed into law the $200 million in bonding, half of which will go into a fund under the control of the Executive Office of Economic Development (EED) to help pay for infrastructure costs to help businesses grow and expand." (Office Of Governor Mitt Romney, "Romney Vetoes Wasteful Spending, Cities Needed To Maintain Fiscal Discipline," Press Release, 11/26/03) - MARKETING MASSACHUSETTS: Governor Romney Expanded Massachusetts' In-State Sales Force. "The Governor also signed $1.5 million for the creation of an in-state sales force to market Massachusetts to companies around the country." (Office Of Governor Mitt Romney, "Romney Vetoes Wasteful Spending, Cities Needed To Maintain Fiscal Discipline," Press Release, 11/26/03) I have one prescription that costs more than the insurance cost in Mass.

What will be the future of two-dimensional animation or 2D, in the animated film and video game arcade? The 2D animation in recent times has achieved remarkable progress to merge with 3D animation. The computer has facilitated significant progress when it seemed to have reached an impasse. The spectacular achieved in films like Titan AE, Castle Ambulante, Treasure Planet, The Road toElDorado, Sinbad, or Spirit, to mention some of them, a few years ago was unthinkable. Some think that, somehow, traditional animation has already begun to die, because although drawings continue 2D drawings, with the support 3D technology is becoming larger. But surely continue for long. Although since July 2003, have not developed new films 2D animation in the U.S. after Spirit, Treasure Planet, Titan A. E., While in Asia, and especially the Japanese animation, things are very different. The computer is completing entering, while in the West already had in the 1980's movies that use the computer, like Basil mouse super detective Disney of 86, where his final scene, while Big Ben, the elements mechanics are 3D computer. In Asia, only after completing the second half of 1990, begins to make its appearance and timidly, Princess Mononoke, Hayao Miyazaqui and Los Ghibli animation studios, has only 15 minutes where the computer makes its appearance. Currently, has undergone a major expansion, but adapted to the rigid production processes in place of cel shading, but not 3D, as in Spirited Away My neighbors or those Yamada, fully digital, despite being 2D. In other cases, the computer takes over the mechanical elements, funds and colored, blending with traditional 2D characters, as in the series which follow the established aesthetic in Blue Submarine No. 6, whose nearest example could be reached Spain Sol Bianca . Even the 3D, pure and simple, this introduced by Japan. Does the evolution of the traditional 2d animation, which now develop hybrid 2D/3D movies, will lead to 3D digital animation films that succeed in giving a 3D animation finished 2D, as the upcoming "Rapunzel" and "Up!" Disney to develop, and this with Pixar, and that seem animated watercolors? In Dreamworks on the contrary everything you make from 2009 will be in 3D, supported by technical and stereoscopic not be new animated films such as hybrid Spirit, Sinbad or anything like that (if indeed someone was waiting for him), due to closure 2D its division by the failure of the animated film Sinbad. The explosion of novelty, the 3D potential and has come to stay. There will be a fad, but over time, the 2D return covered at the end of the boom and nostalgia at the time. Or rather, as stated the web Dreamers, over time, the waters again on track, and different types of animation including coexist and complement, and animation will open up new avenues. In video game arcades like something is happening, Games like "Rumble Fish" and "Bttle Fantasy", were designed by the same people who revolutionized sprites, with the drawn Hi - Re, Apartado 1998 with the arcade "Guilty Gear", with works like "Fist of Northern Star" . Sammy and Dimps have worked some more arcades, with drawn sprites, before concentrating its work on the estates and drawn with Cell Shading. Even knew that sooner or later sprites or 2D bitmaps, as elements of drawing, would be dead. Capcom has become Street Fighter game in a hybrid between 2D and 3D gaming, in its fourth issue, with polygonal graphics and cell shading, because according to them "sprites in high definition involve an impossible job." Street Fighter IV has impacted, but still fall far short of what we achieved today sprites or 2D bitmaps… It has developed long ago, polygonal graphics of single plane or scroll motion, and we have seen interesting things like: Viewtiful Joe, Okami, Söldner-X: Himmelsstürmer, Ultimate Ghosts' N Goblins, Naruto Ultimate Ninja 2, Bionic Commando rearmament , Raiden III, or Battle Fantasia, that inspired designers Street Fighter IV While it is true, do not achieve quality graphics, which now gets a good design or bitmaps 2D sprites, because it takes a few polygons and textures worked to achieve very beautiful graphics, which often is not achieved, getting only photo realism. Cell-shading, not today equates to a drawing plane, because however much they place the camera in a single plane side, is complicated polygonal disguise the origin of the characters, or objects that make up the different scenarios of arcades, On the other pate , A game in fact you do not need the 3d animation Fluid in the arcades that get drawn sprites with Al 2D or 3D bitmaps still lacks naturalness. Although it is expected to be improved technically and ending finished giving a more artistic. Some sites, such as forums and EOL Gamercafe, speculate on the possibility that, when Cell Shading improved significantly more in the future, for polygonal graphics in real time, who knows if you can emulate a chart or 2D sprites bitmaps, or even get to overcome if it is worth. What do Vdes. on this whole issue of traditional animated films and video games of sprites or 2D bitmaps? I suppose that both will go hand in hand, aunuqe do not know if the game industry is moving behind the animated film being an industry where less and less invested in their development and innovation.

Do you belong to the "new Church of Global Warming"? "Aliens Cause Global Warming" A lecture by Michael Crichton California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA January 17, 2003 My topic today sounds humorous but unfortunately I am serious. I am going to argue that extraterrestrials lie behind global warming. Or to speak more precisely, I will argue that a belief in extraterrestrials has paved the way, in a progression of steps, to a belief in global warming. Charting this progression of belief will be my task today. Let me say at once that I have no desire to discourage anyone from believing in either extraterrestrials or global warming. That would be quite impossible to do. Rather, I want to discuss the history of several widely-publicized beliefs and to point to what I consider an emerging crisis in the whole enterprise of science-namely the increasingly uneasy relationship between hard science and public policy. I have a special interest in this because of my own upbringing. I was born in the midst of World War II, and passed my formative years at the height of the Cold War. In school drills, I dutifully crawled under my desk in preparation for a nuclear attack. It was a time of widespread fear and uncertainty, but even as a child I believed that science represented the best and greatest hope for mankind. Even to a child, the contrast was clear between the world of politics-a world of hate and danger, of irrational beliefs and fears, of mass manipulation and disgraceful blots on human history. In contrast, science held different values-international in scope, forging friendships and working relationships across national boundaries and political systems, encouraging a dispassionate habit of thought, and ultimately leading to fresh knowledge and technology that would benefit all mankind. The world might not be avery good place, but science would make it better. And it did. In my lifetime, science has largely fulfilled its promise. Science has been the great intellectual adventure of our age, and a great hope for our troubled and restless world. But I did not expect science merely to extend lifespan, feed the hungry, cure disease, and shrink the world with jets and cell phones. I also expected science to banish the evils of human thought---prejudice and superstition, irrational beliefs and false fears. I expected science to be, in Carl Sagan's memorable phrase, "a candle in a demon haunted world." And here, I am not so pleased with the impact of science. Rather than serving as a cleansing force, science has in some instances been seduced by the more ancient lures of politics and publicity. Some of the demons that haunt our world in recent years are invented by scientists. The world has not benefited from permitting these demons to escape free. But let's look at how it came to pass. Cast your minds back to 1960. John F. Kennedy is president, commercial jet airplanes are just appearing, the biggest university mainframes have 12K of memory. And in Green Bank, West Virginia at the new National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a young astrophysicist named Frank Drake runs a two week project called Ozma, to search for extraterrestrial signals. A signal is received, to great excitement. It turns out to be false, but the excitement remains. In 1960, Drake organizes the first SETI conference, and came up with the now-famous Drake equation: N=N*fp ne fl fi fc fL Where N is the number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy; fp is the fraction with planets; ne is the number of planets per star capable of supporting life; fl is the fraction of planets where life evolves; fi is the fraction where intelligent life evolves; and fc is the fraction that communicates; and fL is the fraction of the planet's life during which the communicating civilizations live. This serious-looking equation gave SETI an serious footing as a legitimate intellectual inquiry. The problem, of course, is that none of the terms can be known, and most cannot even be estimated. The only way to work the equation is to fill in with guesses. And guesses-just so we're clear-are merely expressions of prejudice. Nor can there be "informed guesses." If you need to state how many planets with life choose to communicate, there is simply no way to make an informed guess. It's simply prejudice. As a result, the Drake equation can have any value from "billions and billions" to zero. An expression that can mean anything means nothing. Speaking precisely, the Drake equation is literally meaningless, and has nothing to do with science. I take the hard view that science involves the creation of testable hypotheses. The Drake equation cannot be tested and therefore SETI is not science. SETI is unquestionably a religion. Faith is defined as the firm belief in something for which there is no proof. The belief that the Koran is the word of God is a matter of faith. The belief that God created the universe in seven days is a matter of faith. The belief that there are other life forms in the universe is a matter of faith. There is not a single shred of evidence for any other life forms, and in forty years of searching, none has been discovered. There is absolutely no evidentiary reason to maintain this belief. SETI is a religion. One way to chart the cooling of enthusiasm is to review popular works on the subject. In 1964, at the height of SETI enthusiasm, Walter Sullivan of the NY Times wrote an exciting book about life in the universe entitled WE ARE NOT ALONE. By 1995, when Paul Davis wrote a book on the same subject, he titled it ARE WE ALONE? ( Since 1981, there have in fact been four books titled ARE WE ALONE.) More recently we have seen the rise of the so-called "Rare Earth" theory which suggests that we may, in fact, be all alone. Again, there is no evidence either way. Back in the sixties, SETI had its critics, although not among astrophysicists and astronomers. The biologists and paleontologists were harshest. George Gaylord Simpson of Harvard sneered that SETI was a "study without a subject," and it remains so to the present day. But scientists in general have been indulgent toward SETI, viewing it either with bemused tolerance, or with indifference. After all, what's the big deal? It's kind of fun. If people want to look, let them. Only a curmudgeon would speak harshly of SETI. It wasn't worth the bother. And of course it is true that untestable theories may have heuristic value. Of course extraterrestrials are a good way to teach science to kids. But that does not relieve us of the obligation to see the Drake equation clearly for what it is-pure speculation in quasi-scientific trappings. The fact that the Drake equation was not greeted with screams of outrage-similar to the screams of outrage that greet each Creationist new claim, for example-meant that now there was a crack in the door, a loosening of the definition of what constituted legitimate scientific procedure. And soon enough, pernicious garbage began to squeeze through the cracks. Now let's jump ahead a decade to the 1970s, and Nuclear Winter. In 1975, the National Academy of Sciences reported on "Long-Term Worldwide Effects of Multiple Nuclear Weapons Detonations" but the report estimated the effect of dust from nuclear blasts to be relatively minor. In 1979, the Office of Technology Assessment issued a report on "The Effects of Nuclear War" and stated that nuclear war could perhaps produce irreversible adverse consequences on the environment. However, because the scientific processes involved were poorly understood, the report stated it was not possible to estimate the probable magnitude of such damage. Three years later, in 1982, the Swedish Academy of Sciences commissioned a report entitled "The Atmosphere after a Nuclear War: Twilight at Noon," which attempted to quantify the effect of smoke from burning forests and cities. The authors speculated that there would be so much smoke that a large cloud over the northern hemisphere would reduce incoming sunlight below the level required for photosynthesis, and that this would last for weeks or even longer. The following year, five scientists including Richard Turco and Carl Sagan published a paper in Science called "Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions." This was the so-called TTAPS report, which attempted to quantify more rigorously the atmospheric effects, with the added credibility to be gained from an actual computer model of climate. At the heart of the TTAPS undertaking was another equation, never specifically expressed, but one that could be paraphrased as follows: Ds = Wn Ws Wh Tf Tb Pt Pr Pe… etc (The amount of tropospheric dust=# warheads x size warheads x warhead detonation height x flammability of targets x Target burn duration x Particles entering the Troposphere x Particle reflectivity x Particle endurance…and so on.) The similarity to the Drake equation is striking. As with the Drake equation, none of the variables can be determined. None at all. The TTAPS study addressed this problem in part by mapping out different wartime scenarios and assigning numbers to some of the variables, but even so, the remaining variables were-and are-simply unknowable. Nobody knows how much smoke will be generated when cities burn, creating particles of what kind, and for how long. No one knows the effect of local weather conditions on the amount of particles that will be injected into the troposphere. No one knows how long the particles will remain in the troposphere. And so on. And remember, this is only four years after the OTA study concluded that the underlying scientific processes were so poorly known that no estimates could be reliably made. Nevertheless, the TTAPS study not only made those estimates, but concluded they were catastrophic. According to Sagan and his coworkers, even a limited 5,000 megaton nuclear exchange would cause a global temperature drop of more than 35 degrees Centigrade, and this change would last for three months. The greatest volcanic eruptions that we know of changed world temperatures somewhere between .5 and 2 degrees Centigrade. Ice ages changed global temperatures by 10 degrees. Here we have an estimated change three times greater than any ice age. One might expect it to be the subject of some dispute. But Sagan and his coworkers were prepared, for nuclear winter was from the outset the subject of a well-orchestrated media campaign. The first announcement of nuclear winter appeared in an article by Sagan in the Sunday supplement, Parade. The very next day, a highly-publicized, high-profile conference on the long-term consequences of nuclear war was held in Washington, chaired by Carl Sagan and Paul Ehrlich, the most famous and media-savvy scientists of their generation. Sagan appeared on the Johnny Carson show 40 times. Ehrlich was on 25 times. Following the conference, there were press conferences, meetings with congressmen, and so on. The formal papers in Science came months later. This is not the way science is done, it is the way products are sold. The real nature of the conference is indicated by these artists' renderings of the the effect of nuclear winter. I cannot help but quote the caption for figure 5: "Shown here is a tranquil scene in the north woods. A beaver has just completed its dam, two black bears forage for food, a swallow-tailed butterfly flutters in the foreground, a loon swims quietly by, and a kingfisher searches for a tasty fish." Hard science if ever there was. At the conference in Washington, during the question period, Ehrlich was reminded that after Hiroshima and Nagasaki, scientists were quoted as saying nothing would grow there for 75 years, but in fact melons were growing the next year. So, he was asked, how accurate were these findings now? Ehrlich answered by saying "I think they are extremely robust. Scientists may have made statements like that, although I cannot imagine what their basis would have been, even with the state of science at that time, but scientists are always making absurd statements, individually, in various places. What we are doing here, however, is presenting a consensus of a very large group of scientists…" I want to pause here and talk about this notion of consensus, and the rise of what has been called consensus science. I regard consensus science as an extremely pernicious development that ought to be stopped cold in its tracks. Historically, the claim of consensus has been the first refuge of scoundrels; it is a way to avoid debate by claiming that the matter is already settled. Whenever you hear the consensus of scientists agrees on something or other, reach for your wallet, because you're being had. Let's be clear: the work of science has nothing whatever to do with consensus. Consensus is the business of politics. Science, on the contrary, requires only one investigator who happens to be right, which means that he or she has results that are verifiable by reference to the real world. In science consensus is irrelevant. What is relevant is reproducible results. The greatest scientists in history are great precisely because they broke with the consensus. There is no such thing as consensus science. If it's consensus, it isn't science. If it's science, it isn't consensus. Period. In addition, let me remind you that the track record of the consensus is nothing to be proud of. Let's review a few cases. In past centuries, the greatest killer of women was fever following childbirth . One woman in six died of this fever. In 1795, Alexander Gordon of Aberdeen suggested that the fevers were infectious processes, and he was able to cure them. The consensus said no. In 1843, Oliver Wendell Holmes claimed puerperal fever was contagious, and presented compellng evidence. The consensus said no. In 1849, Semmelweiss demonstrated that sanitary techniques virtually eliminated puerperal fever in hospitals under his management. The consensus said he was a Jew, ignored him, and dismissed him from his post. There was in fact no agreement on puerperal fever until the start of the twentieth century. Thus the consensus took one hundred and twenty five years to arrive at the right conclusion despite the efforts of the prominent "skeptics" around the world, skeptics who were demeaned and ignored. And despite the constant ongoing deaths of women. There is no shortage of other examples. In the 1920s in America, tens of thousands of people, mostly poor, were dying of a disease called pellagra. The consensus of scientists said it was infectious, and what was necessary was to find the "pellagra germ." The US government asked a brilliant young investigator, Dr. Joseph Goldberger, to find the cause. Goldberger concluded that diet was the crucial factor. The consensus remained wedded to the germ theory. Goldberger demonstrated that he could induce the disease through diet. He demonstrated that the disease was not infectious by injecting the blood of a pellagra patient into himself, and his assistant. They and other volunteers swabbed their noses with swabs from pellagra patients, and swallowed capsules containing scabs from pellagra rashes in what were called "Goldberger's filth parties." Nobody contracted pellagra. The consensus continued to disagree with him. There was, in addition, a social factor-southern States disliked the idea of poor diet as the cause, because it meant that social reform was required. They continued to deny it until the 1920s. Result-despite a twentieth century epidemic, the consensus took years to see the light. Probably every schoolchild notices that South America and Africa seem to fit together rather snugly, and Alfred Wegener proposed, in 1912, that the continents had in fact drifted apart. The consensus sneered at continental drift for fifty years. The theory was most vigorously denied by the great names of geology-until 1961, when it began to seem as if the sea floors were spreading. The result: it took the consensus fifty years to acknowledge what any schoolchild sees. And shall we go on? The examples can be multiplied endlessly. Jenner and smallpox, Pasteur and germ theory. Saccharine, margarine, repressed memory, fiber and colon cancer, hormone replacement therap6y…the list of consensus errors goes on and on. Finally, I would remind you to notice where the claim of consensus is invoked. Consensus is invoked only in situations where the science is not solid enough. Nobody says the consensus of scientists agrees that E=mc2. Nobody says the consensus is that the sun is 93 million miles away. It would never occur to anyone to speak that way. But back to our main subject. What I have been suggesting to you is that nuclear winter was a meaningless formula, tricked out with bad science, for policy ends. It was political from the beginning, promoted in a well-orchestrated media campaign that had to be planned weeks or months in advance. Further evidence of the political nature of the whole project can be found in the response to criticism. Although Richard Feynman was characteristically blunt, saying, "I really don't think these guys know what they're talking about," other prominent scientists were noticeably reticent. Freeman Dyson was quoted as saying "It's an absolutely atrocious piece of science but…who wants to be accused of being in favor of nuclear war?" And Victor Weisskopf said, "The science is terrible but---perhaps the psychology is good." The nuclear winter team followed up the publication of such comments with letters to the editors denying that these statements were ever made, though the scientists since then have subsequently confirmed their views. At the time, there was a concerted desire on the part of lots of people to avoid nuclear war. If nuclear winter looked awful, why investigate too closely? Who wanted to disagree? Only people like Edward Teller, the "father of the H bomb." Teller said, "While it is generally recognized that details are still uncertain and deserve much more study, Dr. Sagan nevertheless has taken the position that the whole scenario is so robust that there can be little doubt about its main conclusions." Yet for most people, the fact that nuclear winter was a scenario riddled with uncertainties did not seem to be relevant. I say it is hugely relevant. Once you abandon strict adherence to what science tells us, once you start arranging the truth in a press conference, then anything is possible. In one context, maybe you will get some mobilization against nuclear war. But in another context, you get Lysenkoism. In another, you get Nazi euthanasia. The danger is always there, if you subvert science to political ends. That is why it is so important for the future of science that the line between what science can say with certainty, and what it cannot, be drawn clearly-and defended. What happened to Nuclear Winter? As the media glare faded, its robust scenario appeared less persuasive; John Maddox, editor of Nature, repeatedly criticized its claims; within a year, Stephen Schneider, one of the leading figures in the climate model, began to speak of "nuclear autumn." It just didn't have the same ring. A final media embarrassment came in 1991, when Carl Sagan predicted on Nightline that Kuwaiti oil fires would produce a nuclear winter effect, causing a "year without a summer," and endangering crops around the world. Sagan stressed this outcome was so likely that "it should affect the war plans." None of it happened. What, then, can we say were the lessons of Nuclear Winter? I believe the lesson was that with a catchy name, a strong policy position and an aggressive media campaign, nobody will dare to criticize the science, and in short order, a terminally weak thesis will be established as fact. After that, any criticism becomes beside the point. The war is already over without a shot being fired. That was the lesson, and we had a textbook application soon afterward, with second hand smoke. In 1993, the EPA announced that second-hand smoke was "responsible for approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths each year in nonsmoking adults," and that it " impairs the respiratory health of hundreds of thousands of people." In a 1994 pamphlet the EPA said that the eleven studies it based its decision on were not by themselves conclusive, and that they collectively assigned second-hand smoke a risk factor of 1.19. (For reference, a risk factor below 3.0 is too small for action by the EPA. or for publication in the New England Journal of Medicine, for example.) Furthermore, since there was no statistical association at the 95% confidence limits, the EPA lowered the limit to 90%. They then classified second hand smoke as a Group A Carcinogen. This was openly fraudulent science, but it formed the basis for bans on smoking in restaurants, offices, and airports. California banned public smoking in 1995. Soon, no claim was too extreme. By 1998, the Christian Science Monitor was saying that "Second-hand smoke is the nation's third-leading preventable cause of death." The American Cancer Society announced that 53,000 people died each year of second-hand smoke. The evidence for this claim is nonexistent. In 1998, a Federal judge held that the EPA had acted improperly, had "committed to a conclusion before research had begun", and had "disregarded information and made findings on selective information." The reaction of Carol Browner, head of the EPA was: "We stand by our science….there's wide agreement. The American people certainly recognize that exposure to second hand smoke brings…a whole host of health problems." Again, note how the claim of consensus trumps science. In this case, it isn't even a consensus of scientists that Browner evokes! It's the consensus of the American people. Meanwhile, ever-larger studies failed to confirm any association. A large, seven-country WHO study in 1998 found no association. Nor have well-controlled subsequent studies, to my knowledge. Yet we now read, for example, that second hand smoke is a cause of breast cancer. At this point you can say pretty much anything you want about second-hand smoke. As with nuclear winter, bad science is used to promote what most people would consider good policy. I certainly think it is. I don't want people smoking around me. So who will speak out against banning second-hand smoke? Nobody, and if you do, you'll be branded a shill of RJ Reynolds. A big tobacco flunky. But the truth is that we now have a social policy supported by the grossest of superstitions. And we've given the EPA a bad lesson in how to behave in the future. We've told them that cheating is the way to succeed. As the twentieth century drew to a close, the connection between hard scientific fact and public policy became increasingly elastic. In part this was possible because of the complacency of the scientific profession; in part because of the lack of good science education among the public; in part, because of the rise of specialized advocacy groups which have been enormously effective in getting publicity and shaping policy; and in great part because of the decline of the media as an independent assessor of fact. The deterioration of the American media is dire loss for our country. When distinguished institutions like the New York Times can no longer differentiate between factual content and editorial opinion, but rather mix both freely on their front page, then who will hold anyone to a higher standard? And so, in this elastic anything-goes world where science-or non-science-is the hand maiden of questionable public policy, we arrive at last at global warming. It is not my purpose here to rehash the details of this most magnificent of the demons haunting the world. I would just remind you of the now-familiar pattern by which these things are established. Evidentiary uncertainties are glossed over in the unseemly rush for an overarching policy, and for grants to support the policy by delivering findings that are desired by the patron. Next, the isolation of those scientists who won't get with the program, and the characterization of those scientists as outsiders and "skeptics" in quotation marks-suspect individuals with suspect motives, industry flunkies, reactionaries, or simply anti-environmental nutcases. In short order, debate ends, even though prominent scientists are uncomfortable about how things are being done. When did "skeptic" become a dirty word in science? When did a skeptic require quotation marks around it? To an outsider, the most significant innovation in the global warming controversy is the overt reliance that is being placed on models. Back in the days of nuclear winter, computer models were invoked to add weight to a conclusion: "These results are derived with the help of a computer model." But now large-scale computer models are seen as generating data in themselves. No longer are models judged by how well they reproduce data from the real world-increasingly, models provide the data. As if they were themselves a reality. And indeed they are, when we are projecting forward. There can be no observational data about the year 2100. There are only model runs. This fascination with computer models is something I understand very well. Richard Feynmann called it a disease. I fear he is right. Because only if you spend a lot of time looking at a computer screen can you arrive at the complex point where the global warming debate now stands. Nobody believes a weather prediction twelve hours ahead. Now we're asked to believe a prediction that goes out 100 years into the future? And make financial investments based on that prediction? Has everybody lost their minds? Stepping back, I have to say the arrogance of the modelmakers is breathtaking. There have been, in every century, scientists who say they know it all. Since climate may be a chaotic system-no one is sure-these predictions are inherently doubtful, to be polite. But more to the point, even if the models get the science spot-on, they can never get the sociology. To predict anything about the world a hundred years from now is simply absurd. Look: If I was selling stock in a company that I told you would be profitable in 2100, would you buy it? Or would you think the idea was so crazy that it must be a scam? Let's think back to people in 1900 in, say, New York. If they worried about people in 2000, what would they worry about? Probably: Where would people get enough horses? And what would they do about all the horseshit? Horse pollution was bad in 1900, think how much worse it would be a century later, with so many more people riding horses? But of course, within a few years, nobody rode horses except for sport. And in 2000, France was getting 80% its power from an energy source that was unknown in 1900. Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and Japan were getting more than 30% from this source, unknown in 1900. Remember, people in 1900 didn't know what an atom was. They didn't know its structure. They also didn't know what a radio was, or an airport, or a movie, or a television, or a computer, or a cell phone, or a jet, an antibiotic, a rocket, a satellite, an MRI, ICU, IUD, IBM, IRA, ERA, EEG, EPA, IRS, DOD, PCP, HTML, internet. interferon, instant replay, remote sensing, remote control, speed dialing, gene therapy, gene splicing, genes, spot welding, heat-seeking, bipolar, prozac, leotards, lap dancing, email, tape recorder, CDs, airbags, plastic explosive, plastic, robots, cars, liposuction, transduction, superconduction, dish antennas, step aerobics, smoothies, twelve-step, ultrasound, nylon, rayon, teflon, fiber optics, carpal tunnel, laser surgery, laparoscopy, corneal transplant, kidney transplant, AIDS… None of this would have meant anything to a person in the year 1900. They wouldn't know what you are talking about. Now. You tell me you can predict the world of 2100. Tell me it's even worth thinking about. Our models just carry the present into the future. They're bound to be wrong. Everybody who gives a moment's thought knows it. I remind you that in the lifetime of most scientists now living, we have already had an example of dire predictions set aside by new technology. I refer to the green revolution. In 1960, Paul Ehrlich said, "The battle to feed humanity is over. In the 1970s the world will undergo famines-hundreds of millions of people are going to starve to death." Ten years later, he predicted four billion people would die during the 1980s, including 65 million Americans. The mass starvation that was predicted never occurred, and it now seems it isn't ever going to happen. Nor is the population explosion going to reach the numbers predicted even ten years ago. In 1990, climate modelers anticipated a world population of 11 billion by 2100. Today, some people think the correct number will be 7 billion and falling. But nobody knows for sure. But it is impossible to ignore how closely the history of global warming fits on the previous template for nuclear winter. Just as the earliest studies of nuclear winter stated that the uncertainties were so great that probabilites could never be known, so, too the first pronouncements on global warming argued strong limits on what could be determined with certainty about climate change. The 1995 IPCC draft report said, "Any claims of positive detection of significant climate change are likely to remain controversial until uncertainties in the total natural variability of the climate system are reduced." It also said, "No study to date has positively attributed all or part of observed climate changes to anthropogenic causes." Those statements were removed, and in their place appeared: "The balance of evidence suggests a discernable human influence on climate." What is clear, however, is that on this issue, science and policy have become inextricably mixed to the point where it will be difficult, if not impossible, to separate them out. It is possible for an outside observer to ask serious questions about the conduct of investigations into global warming, such as whether we are taking appropriate steps to improve the quality of our observational data records, whether we are systematically obtaining the information that will clarify existing uncertainties, whether we have any organized disinterested mechanism to direct research in this contentious area. The answer to all these questions is no. We don't. In trying to think about how these questions can be resolved, it occurs to me that in the progression from SETI to nuclear winter to second hand smoke to global warming, we have one clear message, and that is that we can expect more and more problems of public policy dealing with technical issues in the future-problems of ever greater seriousness, where people care passionately on all sides. And at the moment we have no mechanism to get good answers. So I will propose one. Just as we have established a tradition of double-blinded research to determine drug efficacy, we must institute double-blinded research in other policy areas as well. Certainly the increased use of computer models, such as GCMs, cries out for the separation of those who make the models from those who verify them. The fact is that the present structure of science is entrepeneurial, with individual investigative teams vying for funding from organizations which all too often have a clear stake in the outcome of the research-or appear to, which may be just as bad. This is not healthy for science. Sooner or later, we must form an independent research institute in this country. It must be funded by industry, by government, and by private philanthropy, both individuals and trusts. The money must be pooled, so that investigators do not know who is paying them. The institute must fund more than one team to do research in a particular area, and the verification of results will be a foregone requirement: teams will know their results will be checked by other groups. In many cases, those who decide how to gather the data will not gather it, and those who gather the data will not analyze it. If we were to address the land temperature records with such rigor, we would be well on our way to an understanding of exactly how much faith we can place in global warming, and therefore what seriousness we must address this. I believe that as we come to the end of this litany, some of you may be saying, well what is the big deal, really. So we made a few mistakes. So a few scientists have overstated their cases and have egg on their faces. So what. Well, I'll tell you. In recent years, much has been said about the post modernist claims about science to the effect that science is just another form of raw power, tricked out in special claims for truth-seeking and objectivity that really have no basis in fact. Science, we are told, is no better than any other undertaking. These ideas anger many scientists, and they anger me. But recent events have made me wonder if they are correct. We can take as an example the scientific reception accorded a Danish statistician, Bjorn Lomborg, who wrote a book called The Skeptical Environmentalist. The scientific community responded in a way that can only be described as disgraceful. In professional literature, it was complained he had no standing because he was not an earth scientist. His publisher, Cambridge University Press, was attacked with cries that the editor should be fired, and that all right-thinking scientists should shun the press. The past president of the AAAS wondered aloud how Cambridge could have ever "published a book that so clearly could never have passed peer review." )But of course the manuscript did pass peer review by three earth scientists on both sides of the Atlantic, and all recommended publication.) But what are scientists doing attacking a press? Is this the new McCarthyism-coming from scientists? Worst of all was the behavior of the Scientific American, which seemed intent on proving the post-modernist point that it was all about power, not facts. The Scientific American attacked Lomborg for eleven pages, yet only came up with nine factual errors despite their assertion that the book was "rife with careless mistakes." It was a poor display featuring vicious ad hominem attacks, including comparing him to a Holocust denier. The issue was captioned: "Science defends itself against the Skeptical Environmentalist." Really. Science has to defend itself? Is this what we have come to? When Lomborg asked for space to rebut his critics, he was given only a page and a half. When he said it wasn't enough, he put the critics' essays on his web page and answered them in detail. Scientific American threatened copyright infringement and made him take the pages down. Further attacks since have made it clear what is going on. Lomborg is charged with heresy. That's why none of his critics needs to substantiate their attacks in any detail. That's why the facts don't matter. That's why they can attack him in the most vicious personal terms. He's a heretic. Of course, any scientist can be charged as Galileo was charged. I just never thought I'd see the Scientific American in the role of mother church. Is this what science has become? I hope not. But it is what it will become, unless there is a concerted effort by leading scientists to aggressively separate science from policy. The late Philip Handler, former president of the National Academy of Sciences, said that "Scientists best serve public policy by living within the ethics of science, not those of politics. If the scientific community will not unfrock the charlatans, the public will not discern the difference-science and the nation will suffer." Personally, I don't worry about the nation. But I do worry about science. Thank you very much.

I need some help?! please and thank you!? 1. Which legislation encouraged people to settle in the West in the late 1800s? (Points: 3) Federal Land Management Act Homestead Act Conscription Act Pendleton Act 2. Which of the following mineral discoveries did not attract western settlers in the late 1800s? (Points: 3) copper gold silver lead 3. What was the main reason that people decided to leave their homes and head west in the late 1800s? (Points: 3) for adventure for economic opportunity to start cattle ranches their patriotism 4. Why were western lands suitable for ranching and farming? (Points: 3) Fertilizer was cheap and easy to spread. Large, expansive plains could support crops or animals. Most trees had been cleared by the railroads. Both required little labor so large tracts were manageable. 5. What made it possible for new states such as Colorado, the Dakotas, and others to be admitted to the Union in the late 1800s? (Points: 3) They agreed to Native American citizenship. Railroad executives demanded statehood. There was a movement for western equality. Population in the territories had grown. 6. What did miners, cowboys, and railroad workers in the late 1800s have in common? (Points: 3) They all faced danger and hardships. They all were very well paid for their work. They all had previously lived in the East. They all hoped to move Native Americans to Canada. 7. What part did railroads play in western settlement in the late 1800s? (Points: 3) They provided jobs and transported goods. They carried millions of settlers westward. They reduced competition for land. Railroads played almost no part in western settlement. 8. What happened to most Native Americans as the West was settled? (Points: 3) They received reasonable compensation for their land. They were soon assimilated with the settlers. They received full rights of citizenship. They were forced off their land. 9. Chief Sitting Bull and Colonel George Custer led opposing forces at the Battle of Little Bighorn. What was the result? (Points: 3) Sitting Bull and all of his men were killed. The battle ended in a standoff. Custer and all of his men were killed. Additional troops were brought in to defeat Sitting Bull. 10. What government intervention provided farm land for Native American families, but less land for tribal use? (Points: 3) Surplus Reservation Land Act Jackson Americanization Act Dawes Act Tribal Settlement Agreement 11. Which of the answer choices correctly identifies the major mining, ranching, and farming regions of the West in the late 1800s? (Points: 3) A mining; B ranching; C farming A ranching; B farming; C mining A mining; B farming; C ranching A – farming; B – mining; C – ranching 12. Which is true of the development of western land, timber, gold, and oil? (Points: 3) All had been exploited by Native Americans for many years. All were abundant, renewable resources. All had a negative impact on the environment. All were carefully regulated. 13. Who set up a trust in order to make Standard Oil a monopoly? (Points: 3) James Duke Henry Flagler Charles Dudley Warner John D. Rockefeller 14. Who developed the oil and steel industries in the United States? (Points: 3) John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie J.P. Morgan and Nelson Rockefeller Robert Kraft and Gustav Swift Dale Carnegie and James Duke 15. Which best explains how railroads influenced modern business practices? (Points: 3) forming corporate boards resisting standardization issuing stocks and bonds creating reasonable scheduling expectations 16. Two innovations that helped the railroads grow were __________. (Points: 3) cameras and the automatic lubricator telephones and the telegraph hotel cars and the light bulb steam power and the air brake 17. Why were time zones and standardization of tracks important for railroads? (Points: 3) They forced railroad cars to be built according to certain standards. They offered greater efficiency in production, safety, and scheduling. They made it possible for towns to lay their own tracks. They reduced competition in the western part of the country. 18. Why were the reaper and the steel plow important for nineteenth-century ag

is google work from home genuine? a pop up window came up saying that google are now hiring people to work from home i dont know if it is another scam or is it real any ideas would be appreaciated thanks. this is what they have said Breaking News: Google Hiring British Citizens To Work From Home Google is Set To Hire A Group Of People From Britain To Work From Home In The Next Few Days. Thousands Of Jobs Available, Anyone Can Apply. Many sites showcase people making as much as $300 a day working online from home on their computer working from Google. Has the online titan now opened the doors for everyday people like you to work for them? If this is true, that means that thousands of people from all of Britain might have a safe and bright future working from the comfort of their homes, all of which will be decided in the next few days. In the middle of this recession this country and the world is going through, Google has been thriving and reporting profits consistently every quarter. Completely innovating the Search Engine industry in the late 1990's, Google has had a history of development and innovation, and another one is about to come. Google has now opened it's doors and will be hiring everyday people to work from the comfort of their own homes posting links. The way this works is Google will allow people to signup and receive a package which will contain all the step by step instructions to get setup from home. This will allow Google to hire talent in places like Britain that would otherwise be unreachable and compensate them based on results on a long term basis. What you need: A Computer, an Internet Connection and the desire to make a living working from home. No special skills are required other than knowing how to use a computer and navigate the internet. Mary, a mother from Toronto, who worked with Google in the experimental parts of this program, is thriving, in the middle of an economic recession, working in the comfort of her own home with Google. From her website: "I get paid about $25 USD for every link I post on Google and I get paid every week... I make around $5500 USD a month right now" Google has now officially released their new "work from home" system out to the public. There will be thousand of spots available that are expected to go very soon in the next few days. The way this works is very simple, Google says. First you will need to apply for their work from home kits. Google has release a limited amount of kits, all distributed through local websites in your area throughout US and Britain, which will cost $2 of shipping and handling to the public. Google says this charge is made to cover shipping costs but also to separate the people that are serious about working with them through this program. Once you have ordered your kit (if you are one of the lucky few to get availability in your area) then you will receive a package that will contain all the instructions you need to start working from home for the online titan. This kit will show you all you need to know, Google says. You will be performing simple and straightforward tasks such as posting links. "Anybody with basic computer skills will be able to perform these tasks" adding to that they say that "We understand the psychology of working from home and we want to give our employees tasks that are simple and easy, and reward them generously in order to keep them motivated." Is this worth quitting your job? If you're lucky enough to receive a kit, you might not even have to. "We start off our work from home program only requiring 1-2 hours a day of work, earning a great income from the start. This way our work from home employees will see the benefit and start devoting more and more time each day and their salaries will increase accordingly" Google reports. Although they are going very fast since their release earlier today, thousands of positions are still available at the time of this writing. To apply for a job working from home for Google here are the three steps: Step 1: Get the Google Work From Home Kit, only pay the $2.95 for shipping. (The shipping cost allows Google to screen for serious people). Step 2: Follow the directions on your package and set up a Google account. Then they will give you the website links to post. Start posting those links. Google tracks everything. Step 3: Google will send out your checks weekly. Or you can start to have them wire directly into your checking account. (Your first checks will be about $750 to $1,500 a week. Then it goes up from there. Depends on how many links you posted online.) Associated Links: Easy Google Profit official site