Natwerk Designs

Should California State use Hemp in the medical, energy, textile, and paper Industries? Hemp for Victory! California is a State of Innovation and Progress. Marijuana is the Top Cash Crop. Viva La Mota! Viva California!

What is a service sector or infrastructure that California lacks? ...or needs serious improvement? How can we improve it to be more environmentally friendly, equitable, and at a low cost to the city/county or state? Or perhaps the innovation could actually generate revenue for the city/county/ state. This is for my Sustainability Planning class, so I'm trying to gather ideas of making small-scale cities more "eco-friendly", equitable and sustainable. Any ideas?

Help incorporating fashion into the 2010 California History Day theme? The theme for this year is Innovation: Impact & Change. I'm trying to find how fashion or music fits into that. My friend is already doing little black dress, so not that. Thanks!

Why does my sports bottle leak? I have a california Innovations sports bottle,long one that holds 700ml, and it leaks from the top when I lie down the bottle.Is there a way to fix this? Any ideas are welcome

Why don't USA Conservatives like the state of California? You know how they say the farther West you go, the more you are in the free world? Well the west end of western civilization is California. Some History: In California, the American dream tells a magical story "73 men sailed out to the San Francisco Bay....Ride Captain Ride upon your mystery ship".....these were the men of Sir Francis Drake's expendition.....before the pioneers even got there. Americans freedom is about loving an pursuing happiness with everything you consume, center to this is Ghirardelli Chocolate in the square in San Francisco. finding the way to absolute hippie freedom....telegraph Avenue, Berkeley, California Cherishing our national Parks (Ted Roosevelt's mission) - even the old Republicans were for the national park missions - and California has the Sierra, the Redwoods, Yosemite California is very capitalist in its selling of hollywood Cinema and popcorn and theatres. California embraces innovation in the Silicon Valley/Palo Alto region California education speaks for itself: Stanford, Cal Tech, UC Berkeley, lots of top schools California has more consumer protection laws than any other state, also employee protections such as if you are being background searched for drugs, you do not have to reveal if you some marijuana you can smoke marijuana for medicinal purposes in California California has a near perfect moderate climate where you don't need corporate utilities (A/C - Central heating to survive) you can grow your own grapes in California and live on a vineyard and love the land itself In California, if bored, you can take a drive up Pacific Highway on a sunset and leave all your troubles behind. I see more of the spirit of freedom and the American dream in California than I ever hear from USA Conservatives. why is this? and California has an amazing melting pot of Mexicans and Asians and Liberals and fruits and nuts California's budget is in good hands in Sacramento

Does anyone know where I can buy this car in Southern California? ... or is it still too new? ($,9000 retail, 74 mpg, three seats) It's perfect for my lifestyle. http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/innovation/06/28/murray.green.car.launch/index.html?hpt=C2 I'd sure love to get one this summer and go on a road trip.

Why is Detroit so far behind r and d on green cars? Andy Frank in northern California and others around the country and the world are doing really interesting things re green cars. Why is Detroit, even now, after all they've been through, so slow to adopt so many of the innovations. The easiest example is the plug-in hybrid. But there are plenty of others.

How long is Captain EO going to be at Disneyland and Epcot? How long is the Captain EO Tribute going to be in Disneyland in California and at Epcot in Florida? I think they should make separate theaters for both Captain EO and Honey, I Shrunk the Audience. Does anyone like Journey of Imagination with Figment in Epcot or that innovations building in Disneyland? They're both good shows, why not put both? But, how long will Captain EO be seen for?

Does weather/climate impact employee productivity and impact on innovation of products? Do you think weather affects innovation or productivity, for example California seems to have privilege of good weather, hence the best talent prefers to live here, which leads to innovation and always has pioneers here.

UPS Mail innovations? I'm confused on the subject of UPS Mail innovations. I ordered a skin from skinit and I got it, and it was really fast. The order came from some place in california, to a town that neighbors mine here in Illinois, and that was in one day. But I thought UPS innovations was the slowest since it's cheap, but I'm wondering how it got here so fast. Is it consistent like this?

what invovations was developed to help with communication for the Gold Rush? The Gold Rush and subsequent spurt of migration to California hastened the need for better communications across the continent. The American West was quite desolate in the mid-19th century and the mail delivery system in place (using ships to carry the mail to San Fransisco from New York) did not quite meet the needs of the new settlers. What new innovations developed as a result of western migration? How did these innovations revolutionize communication in the United States?

If we outlawed screw-in lightbulbs, like California, could that boost jobs in innovators like GE? GE holds the patents for several new models of light bulb including the two pronger. The Edison screw-in bukd patent is outdated and China owns the market big time because they were allowed to. It was a USA innovation NOW it has killed jobs in the US. If we banned or outlawed the screw in bulbs, then we could manufacture those new canisters, fixtures, and bulbs right here in the USA. And CREATE jobs!!!!

Is it normal for the shipment to go to Utah first from California? I ordered an item online that's in California. I live in Colorado and when I tracked my order, it said it's in Utah and it said "Received at UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF". Is it normal? Will it come to colorado eventually? What does "Received at UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPF" mean? nope. it says: Jul 16 2011Received at UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPFWest Valley City, UT Jul 15 2011Transferred to UPS Mail Innovations Destination RPFWest Valley City, UT Jul 14 2011Processed at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPFFontana, CA Jul 14 2011Received at UPS Mail Innovations Origin RPFFontana, CA Jul 14 2011Mail Retrieved From Shipper RPF everywhere..and that's not an abbreviation for where. I live in COLORADO. and it's still in Utah. So I'm wondering if it's waiting to ship to Colorado from Utah since Colorado is right next to Utah.

I NEED HELP WITH MY DRIVERS ED PRACTICE TEST! (California Teen Driver's Course - Practice Test The Automobile)? I have taken this test a miiillion times but i fail every time. I am quite certain my answers are correct, but since they're stupid and try to trick you, its impossible! Thank youu :) California Teen Driver's Course - Practice Test The Automobile In order to progress to the next chapter you will have to pass the practice test with a 80% proficiency. You may retake the practice tests if you feel you need more practice. 1.) The first concepts for an automobile could have originated with: A. Henry Ford B. Leonardo da Vinci C. Frank Duryea D. Michelangelo 2.) The first engineer who designed and built an automobile was from: A. France B. Germany C. Japan D. America 3.) The first American automobile to be produced in quantity was the: A. 1901 Curved Dash B. 1903 Model T C. 1901 Hudson 4.) The term "The Big Three" refers to: A. Japan, Germany, and the U.S. B. Ford, Chrysler, and General Motors C. Karl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler, and Wilhelm Maybach 5.) True or false: The rise of the automobile dramatically shifted economic conditions. A. True B. False 6.) Which of the following are new innovations in automobiles? A. Fuel efficiency B. Safety features C. Power sources D. A and B E. All of the above 7.) A hybrid vehicle refers to: A. The two companies that joined forces to create it B. Two different sources of energy to fuel it C. A mix of fuel and oil to run it 8.) Which was the #1 factor historically in the development of safety equipment? A. Accidents involving children B. Poor driving conditions C. Lack of driver education 9.) Safety belts became standard features in automobiles in what year? A. 1948 B. 1968 C. 1964

Should the rest of the USA follow California's lead in becoming more energy efficient? A detailed new economic analysis “Energy Efficiency, Innovation, and Job Creation in California” finds: "Over the past thirty-five years, innovative energy efficiency policies created 1.5 million additional fulltime jobs with a total payroll of over $45 billion. Looking forward, the report finds that if California improves energy efficiency by just 1 percent per year, proposed state climate policies will increase the Gross State Product (GSP) by approximately $76 billion, increase real household incomes by up to $48 billion and create as many as 403,000 new jobs." http://are.berkeley.edu/~dwrh/CERES_Web/Docs/UCB%20Energy%20Innovation%20and%20Job%20Creation%2010-20-08.pdf As a result of these energy efficiency policies, California also uses 40% less electricity per person than the rest of America. http://climateprogress.org/2008/10/20/green-policies-in-california-created-15-million-jobs/ Do you think the rest of the country should follow California's lead on energy efficiency?

In an article in the Journal of Management, Morris, Avila and Allen studied innovation by surveying firms to f In an article in the Journal of Management, Morris, Avila and Allen studied innovation by surveying firms to find the number of new products introduced by the firms. A random sample of 100 California based firms are selected. Each firm is asked to report the number of new products introduced last year. The survey found that on average these firms introduced 5.68 products with a standard deviation of 8.70. Compute a 98% confidence interval for the new products introduced last year.

California Civil/Structural Engineering Schools? After doing countless hours of research on which engineering major I'm interested in studying, I've come to an idea of civil engineering specializing in structural engineering (not 100% yet). I've seen so many of those extreme engineering episodes on TV, and everytime I see an episode I love watching it (problem solving, designing, new innovations, results etc) I'm currently in a community college, and my transfer will take quite some time with all the math & physics I must pass...but I would like to know which of the UC's or CSU's are ranked high in Engineering? Oops, forgot...I live in Sacramento, CA. Would prefer a close location, but I'm open to anywhere right now.

Getting good credit and preparing for a good college? Hey, I really want to get into a good top 20 college, but I can't think of a good way to get an award or some credit to use. I live in California, and I like art, music, math, science, physics... Is there some good way to get into a good school, like making a new innovation or getting into a championship? This is mainly a question for those who got into a good college and have experience. Thanks,

Illegals cost California ALONE $9 BILLION A YEAR!!!!? Cost of illegal immigration in California estimated at nearly $9 billion By: EDWARD SIFUENTES - Staff Writer California's nearly 3 million illegal immigrants cost taxpayers nearly $9 billion each year, according to a new report released last week by the Federation for American Immigration Reform, a Washington, D.C.-based group that promotes stricter immigration policies. Educating the children of illegal immigrants is the largest cost, estimated at $7.7 billion each year, according to the report. Medical care for illegal immigrants and incarceration of those who have committed crimes are the next two largest expenses measured in the study, the author said. Pro-immigrant groups and Latino researchers dispute the federation's findings, calling them biased and incomplete. Jack Martin, who wrote the report, said Thursday that the $9 billion figure does not include other expenses that are difficult to measure, such as special English instruction, school lunch programs, and welfare benefits for American workers displaced by illegal immigrant workers. "It's a bottom of the range number," Martin said. The federation is one of the nation's leading lobbying groups aimed at curbing immigration into the country. Authors of the report say it culls information from the U.S. Census and other studies addressing the cost of illegal immigration into the country to draw its conclusions. Gerardo Gonzalez, director of Cal State San Marcos' National Latino Research Center, which compiles data on Latinos, criticized the report. He said it does not measure some of the contributions that immigrants make to the state's economy. "Beyond taxes, these workers' production and spending contribute to California's economy, especially the agricultural sector," Gonzalez said. Immigrants, both legal and illegal, are the backbone of the state's nearly $28 billion-a-year agricultural industry, Gonzalez and other researchers say. More than two-thirds of the estimated 340,000 agriculture workers in California are noncitizens, most of whom are believed to be illegal immigrants, according to a 1998 study on farmworkers prepared for the state Legislature. Local farmers say migrant farmworkers are critical to their businesses, and without them they would have to close their farms or move their operations overseas. Martin disagrees. He said illegal immigrants displace American workers by taking low-skilled jobs, keep wages low by creating an overabundance of workers and stifle innovation by reducing the need for mechanized labor. "The product of the illegal immigrant is not included (in the report) because if that is an essential product it will get done one way or another," Martin said. Employers "would have to pay better wages or invest money on mechanization." Martin's study looks specifically at the costs of educating illegal immigrants' children, providing medical care to illegal immigrants and jailing those convicted of committing crimes. The report estimates the total cost at $10.5 billion each year, but that is offset by about $1.7 billion in taxes that illegal immigrants pay. The study assumes that there are about 1 million children of illegal immigrant parents in California, or about 15 percent of the state's K-12 school enrolled population. The estimate is based on a 1994 study by the Urban Institute that concluded there were 307,000 illegal immigrant children enrolled in the state's public schools. Martin also added an estimate of 597,000 U.S.-born children whose parents are illegal immigrants arriving at a total of 1,022,000 children. Multiplying the number of children by the estimated $7,577 the state spends on average per pupil, the study arrived at the $7.7 billion figure. Including the number of U.S.-born children in the study is one of the reasons pro-immigrant groups said the study is biased. "I think FAIR is without doubt an extremist organization that tries to portray itself as a mainstream group," said Christian Ramirez, director of the San Diego office of the American Friends Service Committee, an advocate group for legal and illegal immigrants. The study's author defended the report, saying that the children were born in the United States as a result of their parents' illegal entry into the country. "In no way does the report identify them as different kinds of citizens, because they would not have been born in the U.S. had their parents not come into the country illegally," Martin said. To arrive at the cost of providing health care to illegal immigrants, the federation's study used an earlier 2000 analysis of health expenses paid by border counties that concluded the state spent $908 million on medical care for immigrants. Martin said he adjusted the 2000 figure for increases in the population and inflation on the cost of providing health care and estimated that the state will spend about $1.4 billion in 2004. The report also estimated that the state will spend another $1.4 billion to jail the 48,000 illegal immigrants in state prisons. California is compensated by the federal government to offset the cost of housing this population, but the federal payments were a fraction, about $111 million, of the total cost, Martin said. To figure out the contributions that this immigrant population makes in taxes, the federation's study said it adjusted the Urban Institute's study estimates of $732 million for population increases and concluded that they contribute about $1.7 billion in sales, income and property taxes. A similar study conducted by the Center for Immigration Studies in Washington, D.C., and released in August, said that illegal immigrants cost the federal government $10 billion more than they pay in taxes. The federal government pays about $2.2 billion in medical treatment for uninsured immigrants, according to the report. It pays $1.9 billion in food assistance programs, such as food stamps and school lunches, for low-income families. And it pays $1.4 billion in aid to schools that educate illegal immigrant children. Martin said states bear most of the cost of illegal immigration. "State costs are much higher on a per capita basis because of the fact that the largest expenses are medical care and education and those are borne at the local level, not the federal," Martin said. The federation's full report is at: www.fairus.org. Contact staff writer Edward Sifuentes at (760) 740-5426 or esifuentes@nctimes.com. SOURCE: http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2004/12/06/news/top_stories/19_56_5812_5_04.txt ERIN, Obvioulsy you didn't read the article or you missed this small fact that illegals like to forget about to, let me remind you here it is again... The report estimates the total cost at $10.5 billion each year, but that is offset by about $1.7 billion in taxes that illegal immigrants pay. WOW, I gained a" negative" $9BIllion. AND the difference between me and an illegal is guess what? I'M LEGAL!!!! WHY Zapata, because you "say so"? Where are your stats? Just because you "say NO" doesn't make it true. I hope you don't have any money because you would be dangerous seeing you did not provide any stats which indicates your the one without brains! Jose, I've seen it first hand! You speak the truth. Very Good point Craig! Truth! Rownawagner, maybe you should visit this website for a little more enlightenment and tell us what you think, I'd like to know... http://www.vdare.com/rubenstein/050324_nd.htm Iceman, I give to you words of wisdom borrowed from Lucky: Not all that wander are lost, not all that answer know, not all that know understand. Akita-Lo; I have a belief that anyone that has the balls to answer a question and lacks the courage to leave open the lines of communication via e-mail on this forum, is just a plain ignorant coward. All I have to say to you is REMEMBER THE ALAMO! I hope to God this message reaches you somehow someway somewhere!

Why does almost all innovation in the United States happen in ? liberal parts of the country? Are they just that much more intelligent. Just think, where is Silicon Valley? It's in California. Where did Steve Jobs and Bill Gates come from? Jobs came from CA and Gates came from Washington, another liberal state. Did you know Harvard, the same college that the president attended, produces more billionaires than any other institution? Harvard is near Boston, another liberal location. Second to Harvard is Stanford, and you guessed it, located in CA. Most conservatives live in the southern states where ignorance reigns supreme. Interesting topic. Explain some innovations that come from Virginia pencildeek. And please do tell what district Silicon Valley is in. Im sure you have no clue and are just spouting but this is fun.

Do any economists disagree that California's economy will benefit from a carbon cap and trade system? In 2006, California passed AB 32 which among other effects will soon lead to the creation of a carbon cap and trade system within the state. Some Texas oil companies have funded a proposition on this year's ballot to delay implementation of the cap and trade system until the state's unemployment rate remains below 5.5% for four consecutive quarters - a level rarely met even in strong economic conditions. 118 Ph.D. economists who live or work in California or who have expertise related to California issues or climate and energy issues have signed a letter in support of AB 32, against Proposition 23. "Delaying action now and waiting for the future before initiating accelerated action to reduce global warming gases will be more costly than initiating action now. Acting now is more likely to limit further environmental degradation, lower the cost of mitigation, and spur innovation in renewable energy and conservation technologies. Furthermore, policies that reduce global warming pollution are likely to provide immediate benefits to the health and welfare of residents by reducing local pollutants. For these reasons we urge continued support for policies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These policies can improve our energy security, create new business opportunities and more jobs, and provide incentives for innovation." http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/global_warming/2010-CA-Economists-LTR.pdf So I'm wondering, do you know of any economists who oppose California's proposed carbon cap and trade system? Since so many people seem to be misunderstanding the question, allow me to clarify. I'm not asking for your personal opinions, I'm asking if any economists disagree that a cap and trade system will be good for California's economy. Giving me your personal opinion, unless you're an economist, does not answer the question. Ottawa, almost every sentence in the quote I provided talks about 'costs' or something similar. I suggest you edit your response to actually attempt to answer the question. jim, yes! Economists and climate scientists are all stupid! That's got to be the answer - well done! deano - please name one economist who has said cap and trade will cost thousands of jobs and thousands of dollars in higher energy bills. Hint - Glenn Beck is not an economist.

So you know why is california better than texas? I sure DO! When it comes to big states, there can only be one king (sorry, New York). The real competition comes down to California vs. Texas -- a battle of red vs. blue, good vs. evil, surfboards vs. 10-gallon hats, avocados vs. Texas toast. The big-state debate has been revived this month thanks to Trends Magazine, which poses the question: Which state, California or Texas, is the blueprint for America's future? We'd love to read the full article and get Trends' insight, but its website costs $195 per year, so we'll just have to take matters into our own hands. Let's simplify the discussion for everyone who can't afford Trends' absurd subscription price. Texas sucks. California is king. Here are 10 reasons to prove it. No. 10 -- People Want to Come Here Would you rather see the Golden Gate Bridge or the Alamo? How about Hollywood or the George Bush Presidential Library and Museum? The San Diego Zoo or the Fort Worth Zoo? People don't really visit Texas. You can only go to Cowboys Stadium so many times. Come to California and see Yosemite, Fisherman's Wharf, Wine Country, Lake Tahoe, Disneyland, Joshua Tree, Alcatraz, the Gaslamp Quarter and Sequoia National Park. In the mood to see it all, hop in the car and take the Pacific Coast Highway in any direction. No. 9 -- Big States Don't Cry When political life gets tough, we call emergency legislative sessions. We make tough cuts. If things are going south, we hold a recall election. Make fun of budget woes if you must, but we'll get through it -- and we'll do it with dignity. When things get tough in Texas, Gov. Rick Perry throws a hissy fit and threatens to secede from the United States. Grow up, Texas. Plus, Perry's just crying wolf. No. 8 -- Our Waistlines Are Under Control Everything in Texas is bigger -- including Texans. When it comes to 2008 state obesity rates, Texas scored a 28.3. California scored 23.7. Dear Texas, call us when your pants fit. No. 7 -- Hit the Beach Texas has a few beaches, sure. (We know, we know, 600 miles of shoreline.) But there's a reason we're famous for ours and they're not famous for theirs. The California coastline is host to the most beautiful beaches in the country. Dare we say it -- the world. Plus, our best beaches are generally a short drive from where people actually live (think La Jolla, Malibu, Santa Barbara, Half Moon Bay). Texas' biggest claim to beach fame is probably South Padre Island, and while it is admittedly quite lovely, it's also a major spring break destination (yuck) and really difficult to get to. No. 6 -- World's Toughest Governor Despite Texas being the land of unadulterated machismo, our governor can beat up your governor. So, there. No. 5 -- We Have Options Californians have options. Getting bored of San Diego? Drive an hour and try Mexico. Got a case of the Sacramento blues, you're just moments away from Lake Tahoe. Los Angeles not doing it for you? Within an hour's drive, Angelenos can hit mountains, the Pacific, or perhaps the desert. Not in the mood for those options? Extend your driving time and make a break for Vegas. Oh, sweet Vegas. Seriously, Texas. Our neighbor is Las Vegas. Your neighbor: Oklahoma. No. 4 -- Plenty of Eye Candy Texans have gun racks. We've got guns. And racks. We're hot, we know it and just in case, there are enough plastic surgeons here for every Californian to look gorgeous. And if cosmetic surgery isn't your thing -- don't worry -- we have plenty of therapists too. No. 3 -- We Actually Invent Stuff Yes, Texas is enticing businesses away from California to its land of fewer tax headaches, but send us a telegram when Texas invents something. Sure, it makes financial sense to set up shop in Texas, but the Lone Star State will always live in our innovation shadow. Google can put its headquarters anywhere in the world -- they put it in California. Apple, HP, Twitter, Intel, YouTube, MySpace, the Gap, eBay -- companies that actually changed the way the world does business are in California. We may not cut the best tax deals, but we have a lock on creativity. We make movies, music, theatre and television. Hell, we invented blue jeans. No. 2 -- It's All About the Weather Texas wins! But only in the number of tornadoes, with an average of about 140 per year. Words like "Mediterranean" and "I can't believe it's January" are used to describe California weather. If you like cold, we have mountains for that, too. Arid, humid and "I miss California" are terms often used to describe Texas' weather. No. 1 -- California Isn't Home to George W. Bush We gave the world Ronald Reagan, and you gave us George W. Bush. Worst. Trade. Ever. (; Woah, I would never type all of this hahaha. Copy and paste dude. Hahaha Woah, I would never type all of this hahaha. Copy and paste dude. Hahaha

Would you consider Los Angeles and southern California a cosmopolitan capital or a slice of the third world? I cannot give my own informed opinion as I have neither visited nor lived in California. California is certainly a state that seemingly symbolizes globalization. On the one hand, the state has the reputation of being a centre of technological innovation, progressive liberal politics, and multiculturalism. However, there also exists the image that southern California has extensive pollution, high crime, a very unequal wealth distribution, ethnic tension, and massive illegal immigration. Some say that California is a picture of what the United States will become. If so, should the rest of the country be encouraged or gravely concerned?

Do you remember when California was the model for America and a step ahead of other states? California was always a step ahead of the nation. The best in education, the highest wages, the best innovation, the richest state, and really great wine! (Blackstone Pinot Noir, 2008....yummy!) Other states always lagged behind California. The Northeast usually followed, always NY first with NJ and Mass. not far behind. Now they are in a fiscal emergency. Now they are 49th in education. Their taxes are astronomical. Their state union demands are underfunded by billions. How did this happen? Will other states follow? The state of California has one of the worlds largest economy's. Like it or not, we are all going to be responsible for what happens in that state. We will all feel the consequences. What about the states that lag behind? Will they suffer the same fate? How are we going to get out of this? This means one of two things. The federal government is not going to cut spending anytime soon. What's the only other option? It's not just the federal government we should be worried about. We need to look at the individual states because we are going to be picking up the tab for them too. What a mess this country is in! Does this concern you? http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2822176520100728 July 28 (Reuters) - California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger declared a state of emergency over the state's finances on Wednesday, raising pressure on lawmakers to negotiate a state budget that is more than a month overdue and will need to close a $19 billion shortfall. Beulah, Point taken!

Is California stepping out of bounds in addressing GCC in this fashion? Thursday's L.A.Times, in an editorial titled "Hope for Hot Air Only," praised Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger but also berated him for overreaching in his quest to address GCC. "Indonesia will announce at the governors' summit that it wishes to join California's carbon trading program. That could mean polluters in California would be granted permission to emit greenhouse gases here in exchange for buying "offsets" in Indonesia that compensate for the damage -- for example, a California refinery might buy a chunk of rain forest in Indonesia to act as a carbon sink." The Times questioned the ability to verify whether these offsets would reduce carbon as much as the amounts claimed and that they might serve to stifle innovation. I encourage you to read the entire editorial before responding. http://articles.latimes.com/2008/11/13/editorial_pages/ed-climate13 Sorry, meant to include this link as well: http://site.governorsglobalclimatesummit.org/Home_Page.html

What are your thoughts on Obama's most recent energy and environment speech? A few excerpts: "America’s dependence on oil is one of the most serious threats that our nation has faced. It bankrolls dictators, pays for nuclear proliferation and funds both sides of our struggle against terrorism. It puts the American people at the mercy of shifting gas prices, stifles innovation, and sets back our ability to compete. These urgent dangers to our national and economic security are compounded by the long-term threat of climate change, which, if left unchecked, could result in violent conflict, terrible storms, shrinking coastlines, and irreversible catastrophe." "The days of Washington dragging its heels are over. My administration will not deny facts; we will be guided by them. We cannot afford to pass the buck or push the burden onto the states. And that’s why I’m directing the Environmental Protection Agency to immediately review the denial of the California waiver request and determine the best way forward." Full text here: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/26/AR2009012601147_pf.html What do you think about this speech? Jim - your (lack of) logic astounds me. 'A' happens in California, 'B' happens in California, so 'A' must cause 'B'. Why not just blame the delay on gay marriage in San Francisco and Britney Spears' baby and surfing? LOL! whoops I meant Tomcat. I'm just so used to Jim's logic I guess.

i need help Executive Summary: could gather my information the on bottom? Executive Summary: 1. Applicant/Company Information -Business Structure: Partnership - Banking Information: Bank: Wells Fargo Bank Contact: Erica Smith, Financial Services Manager Design Coffee Shop will begin operations in July 2009. Plans also include undertaking a small expansion with 6-8 months of beginning operations." Brief outline of your business concept: Design Coffee Shop is a company involved with providing quality item in an origiral setting. It provides graphic design and marketing communication services. it not provide big business . It isa small local business, not a major corpoaration. We target the students who need a nice quiet cozy place to think and do their work. Also, students who wanted to sit down and enjoy a cup of coffee and relax & while looking at murals or listening to music. It will disply the work of 4 graphic designesr and represent our arts. In the past, people would not spend more than 50 cents for a cup of coffee. For a few years, now they glad to pay $1 to $4 for their cappuccino, mocha latte or vanilla ice blended drink The specialty-coffee business is growing at a healthy pace. The competive, companies include Starbucks, The Coffee Bean, Pet’s, Dietrich’s and other major chains, who serve average quality drinks in establishments that have the same generic design appearance. Indeed, Starbucks and The Coffee Bean are often referred to as "fast food" coffeehouses due to their "cookie cutter" design. Now that Americans' coffee preferences have broadened and matured, many are asking for more from their coffee shop. Design Coffee Shop can fill this need for more sophisticated shop. Market Risks MARKET OPPORTUNITY Ownership The Design Coffee Shop is a general partnership between Lisa and Sandy Mason. Each partner is equally l involved in operation and management of the shop, each to her own abilities. Location and Facilities The Design Coffee Shop is located in the Old Town section of San Bernardino, California. We currently own the building we will occupy, though painting and renovation are sorely needed. Products and Services Description of Products and Services The Design coffee shop will offer high quality coffee, tea, hot cocoa, and cappuccino, at a very reasonable price. We will also buy cookies & snack from other vendor. Key Features of the Products and Services All drinks will be made with filtered water and the highest quality ingredients we can get. Frozen drinks will have caramel or chocolate syrup drizzled in the glass and over the drink. Cappuccino and hot cocoa will have whipped cream toppings as well as the option for candy sprinkles. Cookies will have the option of a chocolate or caramel dip and sprinkles. We will offer designer flavored cream and five kinds of sweetener, (i.e. sugar, honey, Equal, Splenda, and Sweet-n-Low). Cream and sweetener is at no extra charge. Production of Products and Services We will use only filtered water and will brew our coffee in commercial coffeepots that will be thoroughly cleaned between uses. Future Products and Services Within the next three to five years we expect to branch out into catering and offer homemade pies, whole or by the slice. Comparative Advantages in Production Our low overhead and cheaper pricing will be the key to our success. Industry Overview Market Research There are other businesses that serve only coffee in our town Size of the Industry Nationally, the coffee shop industry is quite large, but in somearea, there are more. Trends This industry is booming at the present time, and there is a trend toward small cozy places and away from the large generic chains. Industry Outlook The coffee business does not show signs of slowing down. With new innovations such as flavorings and additives, it should continue for a long time. Marketing Strategy Target Markets Our target market is a artist and writers who need a nice quiet cozy place to think and do their work. Description of Key Competitors Of the three coffee shops in the area, one is a large chain with a very expensive product, one is really a home-style restaurant, and the last one, our biggest competitor is an antique store with a "tea room". Analysis of Competitive Position Our pricing strategy and comfortable atmosphere will be the key to our success. None of the other shops in the area can offer this. Pricing Strategy We will offer three sizes of drinks, small $1.00, medium $1.50 and large $2.00. Our cookies and brownies will sell for $1.00 each and selling a booket of artwork for $10.00 Promotion Strategy We intend to advertise in the local newspapers and offer a "frequent drinkers club" discount to our best customers. We will also send out ads via direct mail, which will include cents off coupons. Management and Staffing Organizational Structure Our organizational structure will be a simple pyramid style with the owners putting in as much work as the employees. Pyrimid a tall hierarchical structure, in other words, then I would be the boss, with a general manager working as your employee, who has a team, that on its turn supervises the employees. I think I mean a Flat structure (with the owners being “one of the guys”) Management Team April and Arlene will share management and supervisory responsibilities equally. Arlene for the morning shift. April for the afternoon shift. Staffing We will hire two busboys and two waitresses; these will be recruited from the local high school. Labor Market Issues In this area there are many high school students looking for work, part time or full time, we want to fill that need. Market Risks The main risk is monetary. The area may not be ready for a place like ours and we may not do a great business. Implementation Plan Implementation Activities and Dates 1. A superior-tasting product backed by a unique quality store A relaxing, upscale interior design Prime site selection with an upscale affluent population, year-round tourist activity, heavy pedestrian traffic by the site, a dynamic student population and a concentration of local businesses A market that exposes Dark Roast Java to high-profile "trend-setters" and "key influencers" Ongoing, aggressive marketing Highly trained and friendly staff Multiple revenue streams including gift items, gift baskets and coffee gift/frequency cards in addition to coffee, pastry, chocolates, tea, juice, water and soft drink A dynamic website with online sales capability 2. Complete renovation 2/15/08 Purchase and set up equipment Interview staff Hire staff 3. Begin preliminary advertising 2/15/09 (Not yet) Operate for 1 week unannounced (to get the kinks out, people notice "new" businesses, word of mouth will get out there, be ready) Notify local newspaper your grand opening will be (no advertising cost, you'll be swamped!) 4. Purchase and setup equipment 2/15/09 (This is mentioned above.) 5. Open for business 7/1/09 Financial Plan Balance Sheet Current Assets: Building $150,000 5 computer $5,995 Furnishings $5,000 if I go for a good atmosphere, you’ll need more than that probably, unless you get money from the government (you are promoting culture in the end!) Equipment $1,000 Cash Arlene $5,000 April $4,500 Accounts Receivable None Inventory Coffee $1,000 Tea $500 Other Assets Cups $3,000 Total Current Assets $24,005 Liabilities: Accounts Payable (monthly) Water $200 Phone $150 Electric $500 Donut Vendor $1,000 Warehouse Club $1,000 Coffee Distributor $1,000 Wages $5,000 Advertising $1,000 Taxes Payable Property Taxes $500 Employee Taxes $2,000 Operating Loans Payable Startup Loan $500 Printer $ 97 Total Liabilities $12,947 on going per month Projected Income March 05 Coffee $6,000 Tea $2,000 Cookies $1,500 Donuts $2,500 Misc. $4,000 Total Income for March $16,000 Total Projected Net Profit (Cost/Benefit) $3,150 for March This would assume 20 pots of coffee sold a day, plus an assortment of other items. This also assumes the market will not increase or decrease due to weather or economics. This would be an average month.

Do I have a chance of getting into this school? I am currently applying to 8 universities in California. The CSU's I fully qualify for but I don't know if I will make it to any of the UC's. I am applying to Davis, San Diego, Irvine and Riverside. ( from most important to least) - I have taken numerous AP and Honors courses. - Weighted GPA of 3.92 - From a first generation family in America and first in the family to go to college - Top 10% in class - Editor-in-Chief of national award winning yearbook for three years - Internship in a Physical Therapy office - Three years in the Biomedical Program at school - Involvement in programs such as The Perry Initiative - Representative for California at the Innovation Summit to receive an award in Washington D.C. - SAT 1530 - SAT2 - History: 570 - Biology: 420 -ACT: About to take What is my chance of getting in to those four schools?

Is the "cap and trade" model the best way to reduce carbon emissions? Will Schwarzenegger's model work? The market based "cap and trade" method (just signed into law by the Republican governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger) is a method that rewards innovation and has been proven effective when used to reduce other pollutants (like sulfur dioxide). http://www.rff.org/Documents/RFF-DP-05-05.pdf#search='cap%20and%20trade%20effectiveness%20history%20pollution' Is there a better way to address the problem? Will the California method work without participation from other states? How should personal carbon production (cars) be addressed?

Black Iridium polarized or grey polarized sunglasses? Ok i'm getting the gascan but am not sure whether to get the black iridium polarized or grey polarized...The black polarized is for "intense sun" whereas the grey polarized is for "sunny" I live in southern california...sooo...intense sun or just sunnny....lol You can select polarized in option next to gradiant and see for yourself...and i live in southern california soo...idk lol http://oakley.com/innovation/optical_superiority/lens_tints

Who is the real Craig Wallerstein? Response to Ms. Chiara Fucarino's comments on Craig Wallerstein. I have known Mr. Craig Wallerstein since he began at the Illinois Department of Human Services. Throughout that time he has earned the respect and appreciation of his colleagues and clients alike. He has received numerous accolades from his clients thanking him for: giving me a life; self respect and independence; helping me to my dream, etc. He is known for his dedication, caring, compassion, determination, fairness, and innovation. My question for you, Ms. Fucarino, is this: If you have funds to travel and live in California & Canada, why are you applying to IDHS for financial aid? Thank you, Mr. Wallerstein, for saving my taxpayer's money from someone who apparently doesn't qualify for financial aid. Chiara, something you obtain on your own has much more value. From your message, it sounds like your real complaint is with your mother, not Mr. Wallerstein. You owe Craig Wallerstein an apology..

looking at career possibilities in art..graphic design and animation, how is it like? basically want to know how competitive the field is and what work life is like, based in california so i also wanted to know income and what field of graphic design would be best for the future and innovation

Know of a church for sale? in Southern California. Not just the building but one with an large active congregation. Must be profitable in an affluent area and have a mostly American WASP congregation. We have some new innovations to make a really profitable fun venture... TIA Omar

Please help me out I would appreciated, I work late last night and I have an exam tomorrow? Please help HW THX 1.In Mesoamerica, the shift to basic crops, including corn, beans, and squash, is referred to as the _______ revolution. A. Native American B. agricultural C. green D. planter 2. Which of the following was John Rolfe's chief contribution to Virginia's economy? A. His alliance with the Powhatan through his marriage to Pocahontas B. His innovations in cultivating tobacco C. His invention of a better way to grow short-staple cotton D. His innovations in rice cultivation 3. Among members of George Washington's cabinet, __________ had a pessimistic view of human nature and a dread of democratic excess. A. Jefferson B. Marshall C. Adams D. Hamilton 4. Which of the following best describes the Columbian Exchange that occurred during the Age of Discovery? A. It was an exchange of trade foods. B. It was a genetic shift due to population interbreeding. C. It was a religious transformation. D. It was a cultural transformation. 5. Before departing for what would become the Plymouth Colony, the Scrooby Separatists first lived for a time in A. Scotland. B. the Chesapeake. C. Belgium. D. the Netherlands. 6. Sir George Grenville, King George's Chancellor of the Exchequer, enacted the Revenue Act of 1764 to raise revenue for maintenance of the British Army in America. In the colonies, it was commonly known as the _______ Act. A. Quartering B. Sugar C. Stamp D. Tea 7. The Puritan _______ became the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. A. Arnold Hutchinson B. Roger Williams C. William Bradford D. John Winthrop 8. In Virginia, colonists who could pay their way across the Atlantic were granted 50 acres of land to lease for a modest rental fee. The term for such an arrangement was called A. indenturing. B. headright. C. land granting. D. land assurance. 9. In the southern campaign launched by the British, Cornwallis lost a battle with the Americans under Nathaniel Greene at A. Cowpens. B. Charles Town. C. Camden. D. Savannah. 10. Which of the following was the primary interest of the British government in approving James Oglethorpe's Georgia colony? A. Providing an asylum for British debtors B. Developing new lands for rice production C. Increasing immigration to the southern colonies D. Thwarting Spanish claims in the area south of Carolina 11. In which of the following colonial wars did the American colonists capture the fort at Louisbourg and begin to crave domination over the entire western region that included the Ohio Valley? A. King William's War B. King George's War C. Queen Anne's War D. War of Spanish Secession 12. With respect to the eighteenth century, the concept of the "middle ground" is helpful in A. explaining the attitudes and preferences of the Scots-Irish. B. explaining the relationship between German and Scots-Irish settlers in the backcountry. C. understanding the role of Catholic priests in California and the Spanish Southwest. D. understanding the attitudes of Indians living between the Appalachians and the Mississippi. 13. Jacques Cartier sailed to the New World in 1534 in search of A. a northwest passage to China. B. Montreal. C. the Gulf of St. Lawrence. D. Newfoundland. 14. Anti-Catholic sentiment erupted in Maryland when, in 1689, news arrived of the deposition of A. James I. B. Charles II. C. Charles I. D. James II. 15. For revolutionaries like Sam Adams, the term _______ embraced a way of life, a core ideology, and an uncompromising commitment to liberty and equality. A. republicanism B. Americanism C. federalism D. independency 16. In 1777, who commanded the American soldiers who captured 5,800 British soldiers under General Burgoyne at Saratoga? A. Horatio Gates B. Benedict Arnold C. George Washington D. William Howe 17. The first stirrings of the first Great Awakening took place in A. the backcountry. B. Virginia. C. New England. D. the Carolinas. 18. In 1700, which of the following colonies had the largest slave population relative to its overall population? A. Massachusetts B. South Carolina C. Pennsylvania D. Virginia 19. Which of the following statements is true of life in the New England colonies? A. Literacy wasn't considered important. B. Many New England women were prosperous entrepreneurs. C. Only married women could exercise control of their property. D. Those who aspired to the social elite had to be members of a Congregational church. 20. At the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Madison drafted the plan presented by Virginia Governor Randolph, and William Patterson of _______ presented a plan that was similar to the Articles of Confederation. A. Massachusetts B. South Carolina C. Pennsylvania D. New Jersey

Could this be an intersting back story for a...story? Its working title is Home or Something Like It, but that's subject to change. This isn't the plot, but simply an explanation of the world the story is set in. I would like suggestions/critic on it, thank you. Home or Something Like It takes place six or so hundred years into the future. After the collapse of society as we know it the world was left in shambles. Nearly two thirds of the population was wiped out, and those who remained were forced to survive in almost third world conditions. In what used to be North America they lived in small townships spread out across the continent, with the only form of communication being letter and travel. However it didn’t take long for the West, Middle and East (or The Holy, The Cold, and The Heaven) to distance themselves as they hit a sort of renascence era when countless inventions and innovations were being made, that far surpassed the technologies of today in form, function, and environmental health. However, the Heaven and the Holy became more and more violent with each other until eventually there was a great war. Between all the fighting, The Cold was nearly obliterated and in the end, The Heaven was forced from the north, fleeing to South America. The people of The Cold expanded their territory, trying to defend themselves from The Holy, but in their small numbers they were hardly a threat and were quickly diminished to small groups of resistance hiding across Central and Northern America. The Holy rose to a great empire in the area that was once California all the way down to La Pas and the Gulf of California with many technologically advanced cities and an intricately woven light rail system. And when ever they can, they take members of The Cold resistance. In hopes of one day riding North America of The Cold all together, The Holy has begun to create an elite infiltration team, code name, The Dark Angels. or too cheesy and cliche? Be politely honest, thank you.

MITX on the West Coast? I recently found a graphic design job through MITX (Massachusetts Innovation & Technology Exchange). My dream is to live in Southern California, so does anyone know of an equivalent to MITX on the West Coast? If not, what are some good design firms or listings I should check out?

US HISTORY PLEASE HELP!? I WANT TO MAKE SURE MY ANSWERS FOR MY STUDYGUIDE ARE RIGHT THANK YOU SO MUCH!!!!!!! 61. Following the Civil War, the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were passed. What large issues did they address? states' rights, slavery, and the Electoral College slavery, equal protection under the law, and voting rights voting rights, popular sovereignty, and declarations of war impeachment, equal protection, and war reparations 62. What was the effect of the Homestead Act on western settlement? It had little effect on western settlement, but a big impact in the South. It brought a great number of settlers to California. Homesteaders settled much of the Great Plains. It slowed the building of the railroads because the best land went to homesteaders. 63. How did western settlement affect Native Americans? It brought income, as settlers paid for their expertise. It didn't affect them, since they remained on their reservations. It created an opportunity for cooperation between Native Americans and settlers. It forced them from their lands. 64. Which men were responsible for the development of the steel and oil industries in the United States? J.P. Morgan and Nelson Rockefeller Dale Carnegie and James Duke Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller Gustav Swift and Robert Kraft 65. How did nineteenth-century railroads influence today's "corporate America"? Railroads stressed the benefit of competition and opposed monopolies. Railroads were the first business to raise funds by issuing stocks and bonds. Railroads created an awareness of the importance of transportation. Railroads brought the need for effective scheduling to the forefront. 66. What law was passed to eliminate trusts, monopolies, or any agreement that restrained trade? Vanderbilt Banking Regulation Rockefeller Monopoly Act Sherman Antitrust Act Chase Trade Restraint Agreement 67. Which organization of craft unions focused on improving wages and working conditions? Eugene Debs's American Railway Union Bill Haywood's Industrial Workers of the World Samuel Gompers's American Federation of Labor Terence V. Powderly's Knights of Labor 68. Where were nineteenth-century immigrants processed prior to entry into the United States? Angel and Ellis Islands Boston and New York San Francisco and Philadelphia Catalina and Manhattan Islands 69. Which group of presidents is in correct chronological order? Jefferson, Lincoln, Washington, Jackson Jackson, Washington, Lincoln, Jefferson Lincoln, Jackson, Jefferson, Washington Washington, Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln 70. Which group of innovations and inventions is in correct chronological order? reaper, telephone, box camera, cotton gin cotton gin, reaper, telephone, box camera telephone, cotton gin, reaper, box camera box camera, telephone, cotton gin, reaper 71. Which statement is true of relations between Native Americans and the colonies or the United States between 1607 and 1900? Native Americans opposed European colonization at first, but in the 1800s chose to assimilate into white American culture. The desire for land led colonists, and then the United States government and people, to push Indians off their land and destroy their way of life. Native Americans suffered hardships when Europeans first arrived in North America, but relations improved during the 1800s. Native Americans avoided contact and conflict with non-Indians in North America as much as possible.

Modern U.S History help!! PLEASE!? 1. Many Jewish immigrants settled in New York City, while most Chinese settled in California, and Scandinavians settled in the Midwest. What is one reason for these patterns of settlement? (Points: 3) Immigrants wanted to break new ground and establish new settlements. Immigrants wanted to be with others from their native country. Immigrants wanted to be in the closest location to their native country. Immigrants faced restrictions on which regions were open to them. 2. The first wave of immigrants to the United States was largely from northern and central Europe. Where did most of the second wave of immigrants come from? (Points: 3) Asia and Latin America southern Europe and South Asia southern and eastern Europe South America and eastern Europe 3. Which group of nineteenth-century immigrants received the most efficient processing? (Points: 3) Asians at Ellis Island Asians at Angel Island Europeans at Angel Island Europeans at Ellis Island 4. What was the nativist response to immigration? (Points: 3) high regard as a way to enlarge the workforce prejudice, legislation, and commissions questioning whether it should continue enthusiastic assimilation and encouragement for citizenship cautious optimism that immigrants would contribute quickly 5. Which is a true statement about cities in the period between the Civil War and 1920? (Points: 3) Cities grew rapidly as both immigrants and native-born citizens sought higher paying jobs. Cities grew slowly because people wanted to stay on their farms and make money. Cities grew rapidly because people were eager to enjoy the sophisticated entertainment they offered. Cities remained about the same at that time because people were reluctant to make changes. 6. Why did many immigrants choose to live in cities as they entered the United States in the late 1800s or early 1900s? (Points: 3) Jobs, family, and friends were there. Cities reminded them of home. Their visas required them to do so. They wanted to participate in city politics. 7. Which had the greatest effect on the growth of cities and the expansion of cities to suburbs? (Points: 3) political changes leadership from mayors action by the federal government transportation innovations 9. Which was not an element of urban social stratification in the cities of the late 1800s? (Points: 3) ethnicity race class gender 10. How did Louis Sullivan and William Jenney change the face of American cities in the late 1800s? (Points: 3) They invented the electrical connections that operated streetcars. They opened some of the first settlement houses. They designed and built some of the early skyscrapers. They built the Coney Island amusement parks that drew thousands. 11. What did the construction of Central Park add to New York City? (Points: 3) It gave residents a meeting place to discuss social issues. It offered immigrants a place to congregate while waiting for work. It offered a venue for leisure and recreation within the city. It eliminated the potential for urban pollution. 12. What was urban planner Daniel Burnham's greatest contribution to cities? (Points: 3) When the exposition was over, Chicago had many new buildings that others could copy. His building designs were more practical and popular than any others. His Plan of Chicago offered a blueprint for the orderly growth of the city. He developed the transportation system that brought visitors to the exposition. 13. What was Tammany Hall in New York City? (Points: 3) the home of the opera a municipal building a settlement house the Democratic political machine 14. Who is regarded as the leader of the settlement house movement? (Points: 3) Jane Addams Ellen Starr Mary Rozet Smith Florence Kelley 15. What American urban movement was established to assist the poor? (Points: 3) settlement houses Gilded Age city councils people's palaces 16. Which goal of the Populist Party led to its early popularity? (Points: 3) coinage of silver political power for the upper class laissez-faire government system of national banks 17. How do historians generally view populism? (Points: 3) as a driving force in the late nineteenth century as a failed movement that set the stage for some reforms as the movement that saved the farmers as the party that laid the groundwork for the ele

WSW 2/19/09 HeLp AsAp HeLp AsAp? CHICAGO — A landmark Energy Department project to bury carbon dioxide produced by humans has begun as workers sunk a huge drill bit into Illinois ground this week, signaling continued support for a climate change mitigation strategy that has fallen out of favor in many circles. The start of drilling marks the launch a geological sequestration project that will deposit a million metric tons of carbon dioxide into the ground by 2012. While that's nothing compared to the several billion tons of CO2 that humans emit yearly, it's the geology of the site that makes the development exciting. The CO2 will be piped into a geological formation that underlies parts of Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky that could eventually hold more than 100 billion tons of CO2. "This is going to be a large-scale injection of 1 million metric tons, one of the largest injections to date in the U.S." project manager Robert Finley said here at the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting Sunday. While the Department of Energy and private industry have been pushing to create cheaper renewable energy and investigating increased nuclear-power options to reduce carbon emissions, carbon capture and sequestration remains an attractive idea. It would allow regions of the country like the southeast, which don't have Texas or California-level wind or solar resources, to continue burning coal without contributing to climate change. To do that, many technological issues will need to be solved. Last year, the Bush administration canceled the DOE's most expensive carbon capture and sequestration project, FutureGen, and some utility executives have questioned whether storing CO2 will actually make sense. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimated that as much as 30 percent of the energy created by a coal plant would have to be spent on just pulling the CO2 out of its flue gas. But new materials for more selectively capturing CO2 from gas mixes continue to be created in labs like Omar Yaghi's at UCLA and at Georgia Tech under Chris Jones. Those innovations could make the capture part of "carbon capture and sequestration" easier than it currently is. Add in a carbon tax of some form and fossil-fuel power plant operators would have the incentive to start capturing a lot of carbon dioxide. Then, they'll just need somewhere to put it. The DOE thinks the United States has more than enough underground closet space. Mt_simon_slide "What we found in the U.S. with the research that we've done over the last 10 years is that there is a significant potential to store CO2 ... in these very large reservoirs that are underground," said John Litynski, who works in the fossil-fuel-centered National Energy Technology Laboratory's Sequestration Division. But most current sequestration projects use the carbon dioxide to squeeze more oil and gas out of depleted fields. Those fields probably won't cut it for much larger amounts of CO2. For that, we'll have to turn to huge reservoirs deeper underground. That's why the Illinois demonstration project is so important. It will test a formation called the Mt. Simon sandstone, allowing scientists to track in near real-time what happens when they start putting large amounts of compressed carbon dioxide 6,500 feet below the surface. "We have numbers for what we think the capacity is in the U.S., but the only way to prove that is to actually drill a well," said Litynski. Drilling a 6,500-foot well doesn't come cheap — the Illinois Basin project has an $84 million price tag. It's a collaboration between the DOE and industrial partners including Archer Daniels Midland, which is providing the land for the test site and will serve up CO2 from its ethanol fermenters. A group of scientists centered at the Illinois State Geological Survey known as the Midwest Geological Carbon Sequestration Consortium are leading the research. They'll collect enormous amounts of data about how the CO2 plume moves through the pores in the sandstone. The Mt. Simon formation is particularly attractive because of a series of fortuitous events that have placed three layers of impermeable rock — known as "cap rock" — between the sandstone and the surface. Finley thinks that makes the project a very good bet to succeed in keeping CO2 buried away for what amounts to forever in human timescales. But the audience at the AAAS meeting who watched the researchers present their sequestration evidence weren't wholly convinced. They gave the presenters a rougher time than one normally sees at this meeting, where most questions are softballs. One audience member noted that the Mt. Simon project was sequestering 10,000 times less CO2 than we'd have to put into the ground each year to offset human emissions. It's the expense and time needed to scale up the tech that leads renewable energy advocates to complain that money used to make coal cleaner should instead be spent scaling up wind power or installing

Leftists: Why not tax 100% of income and we all work for govt? Leftists/college students think that: a. raising taxes will help the economy, b. increasing govt spending will help the economy, c. jobs all come from govt, d. innovations all come from govt, e. govt debt doesn't matter, f. business is evil while govt is good, So then why stop here? Why not tax 100% of income, abolish all private business, we all just work for the govt, everyone will be happy... right? America will be like the happiest place on Earth: Cuba. Should California try this right away (they are already 5/8ths the way there)?

Need help brainstorming for History Class? (10 points, best answer)? I want to enter my school's "History Fair" competition...it's much like science fair, only it's history-related. There's a theme: "Debate and Diplomacy: Successes, Failures, and Consequences". I need a topic in the next few days, and I can't seem to come up with one...any suggestions will be a great help! Some of the things I'm interested in: -WWII era -California -Italy - American Pop culture And it's important to remember not to use the connotative definition of "history".-- in other words, these topics don't necessarily have to be the kinds of things we learn in a typical history class. Last year, the theme was "Innovations", and one kid did a project about the origins of Rock & Roll music. I want a creative topic; something that I can actually have fun with. And no, I'm not asking you to GIVE me a topic...just a few suggestions that may lead me to find one. Thank you! of course, "Debate & Diplomacy"(more political) isn't AS open-ended as "Innovations" is... hmm...

What do you think of Nintendo's speech at GDC? February 7, 2006 - Videogame giant Nintendo of America reiterated this morning that company president Satoru Iwata will deliver the anticipated keynote address at the 2006 Game Developers Conference, which begins March 20 in San Jose, California. GDC is a five-day show dedicated to game developers and software creation. The event will host more than 300 lectures focused on providing knowledge and tools for designers, programmers and artists working in the games industry. Although billed as an event strictly for studios, the conference has increasingly become a podium for big-name publishers to speak directly to developers. Microsoft used GDC to kick-off its Xbox platform several years ago and Mr. Iwata delivered the keynote in 2005, taking the opportunity to introduce software houses to Nintendo's handheld vision. Nintendo president Satoru Iwata Iwata's 2006 keynote is entitled "Disrupting Development" and will call upon developers to "take risks and mine the depths of their imaginations to create innovative games regardless of the size of teams or budgets." Nintendo's president will cite the company's own DS handheld, the "brain-training" titles and the emerging Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection as sources of cost-saving innovation. Of far greater interest to console fans, though, is that Iwata will also speak on the role Nintendo videogame systems will play in the future market. Unconfirmed reports have suggested that Nintendo may use Iwata's keynote address to reveal new information about the publisher's forthcoming console, codenamed Revolution. IGN's own sources have indicated that new details about the machine will be announced at the event, but that the Big N intends to hold most of the so-called major nuggets - price and release date structures included - for E3 2006, which begins this May in Los Angeles. "We are extremely honored to feature an experienced platform leader such as Satoru Iwata as a keynote speaker," said Jamil Moledina, director, Game Developers Conference. "As Nintendo reinvents the scope of what games can be, it is ever more crucial to share their creative and market-growing philosophies with the other leaders of the game creation industry."

National lottery of energy innovation? Who's for it? There should be a national lottery of energy innovation, to spur invention and refinement in key areas of national energy retooling. For example what mind is capable of the specialized research into how to make photovoltaic panels produce more electricity? Are the imaginations of amateur inventors working on it? Flying vehicles? Plug-in cars? Battery innovation? So many inventors lack the capital to deploy a great invention, so they don't even try. Some of the greatest inventions in history have come from the garages of ordinary people. (Hewlett Packard? Thomas Edison?) The US Government should offer tax-free cash prizes of significant amounts ($1 million, $5 million, etc) to individuals and teams achieving key pre-defined innovation. Imagine the possibilities. Or we could tar up the coast of California and Florida with oil drilling rigs . . . or pour cash into the pockets of families of Saudi Arabia . . . and melt our polar caps away, burning oil, your choice. I've failed to convey my idea miserably. Consider that Ted Kaczynski was one of the most brilliant mathematical minds this earth has ever known, and also happened to be a murder and the Unabomber. Corporations are pretty brain dead folks. General Motors has all the engineers and capital they need to pioneer electric cars or hydrogen fuel cell propulsion. They have little incentive to do so; the profit is still in gasoline vehicles for them. Business mitigates research with respect to risk. If the potential for a payoff is not obvious, they'll blow it off. If this country wants to harvest the top intellect of its residents, it isn't going to happen by hoping corporations get around to it. Without nationalizing research, our government can at least set intellectual goals for people outside of the corporate cube.

So is the U.S. losing its lock on technology? "The U.S. is now behind Europe in the number of scientists and engineers it graduates and no longer leads the world in innovation, which it must do to counter the exodus of manufacturing jobs to Asia. As David Baltimore, a Nobel laureate and president of the California Institute of Technology stated: 'We no longer have a lock on technology. Europe is increasingly competitive, and Asia has the potential to blow us out of the water.'' tyee And corporate America is buying firms from the outside to actually gain technology. Example: Canadian aerospace company for satellite technology. Exactly Jack and it was these Canadians from the 50s that fueled the US space race.,

Help with confidence intervals, please.? In an article in the Journal of Management, Morris, Avila and Allen studied innovation by surveying firms to find the number of new products introduced by the firms. A randon sample of 100 California firms are selected. Each firm is asked to report the number of new products introduced last year. The survey found that on average, these firms introduced 5.68 products with a standard deviation of 8.70. Compute a 98% confidence interval for the new products introduced last year.

For CA radio trivia-The tax check-off, included on the personal income tax form since 1993, has drawn? Full question... California Breast Cancer Research Program The mission of the California Breast Cancer Research Program is to eliminate breast cancer by leading innovation in research, communication, and collaboration in the California scientific and lay communities. For 2,500 points: The tax check-off, included on the personal income tax form since 1993, has drawn over how much money for breast cancer research? I have clicked on the link and it says approximately 5 million but I can't figure out how to get the question to accept the answer. Anyone get the points?

"Nobel Prize"? Nobel Prize winner Craig C. Mello smiling this morning at the UMass Medical School in Worcester. By Carolyn Johnson, Globe Staff A University of Massachusetts scientist won the Nobel Prize in Medicine today just eight years after he and a collaborator discovered a powerful new way to turn off genes. The discovery is revolutionizing medical research, allowing biotech researchers to rapidly zero in on possible genetic causes for HIV, Alzheimer's and dozens of other devastating diseases. Craig C. Mello, 45, is the first professor at the University of Massachusetts Medical School to received the prestigious award, which was announced this morning by the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden. Mello won for his work with Andrew Fire, then a scientist at the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Fire graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a Ph.D. in 1983. The pair discovered that a particular form of ribonucleic acid, which they dubbed RNA interference, acts almost like a biological light switch, turning "off" specific genes within human cells. The cell uses RNA interference to regulate its genetic climate, but Mello and Fire showed that it could be manipulated to study genes' behavior. RNA interference -- named one of the top 10 science breakthroughs by the journal Science in 2002 and 2003 -- has already helped produce a possible treatment for macular degeneration. "The interesting thing about this prize is so short a time it's taken from the discovery to the Nobel," said Phil Sharp, an institute professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who also has co-founded a biotech company called Alnylam that is working to develop RNAi therapies. "It's just been such a fundamental change in how we understand biological systems, and there's also more to come. Mello, who lives in Shrewsbury, told the Associated Press that the award came as a "big surprise." "I knew it was a possibility, but I didn't really expect it for perhaps a few more years," Mello said. "Both Andrew and I are fairly young, 40 or so, and it's only been about eight years since the discovery." UMass Medical School Chancellor and Dean Aaron Lazare said it was "an incredible day" for the school. "We are so very proud that Dr. Mello is the Medical School's first recipient of this illustrious prize," Lazare in a written statement. "His enthusiasm for scientific pursuits and innovation is an inspiration to his faculty colleagues, postdoctoral fellows, students and staff alike." Fire, 47, now at Stanford University, and Mello published their research in the journal Nature in 1998. Erna Moller, a member of the Nobel committee, said that their research helped shed new light on a complicated process that had confused researchers for years. The existence of RNA intereference helped them understand why genes that they added to cells sometimes did not seem to do anything. "It was like opening the blinds in the morning," Moller said. "Suddenly you can see everything clearly." Fire was awakened in his California home this morning by a call from the Nobel committee. "I thought I must be dreaming or maybe it was the wrong number," said Fire, who convinced himself of the good news by checking the Nobel website. "It makes me feel great. It makes me feel incredibly indebted at the same time," he said. "You realize how many other people have been major parts of our efforts." The Nobel Prize winners receive $1.4 million and will be honored in Stockholm on Dec. 10 at a banquet, which will include Scandinavian royalty. There are also Nobel prizes for physics, chemistry, literature, peace and economics. The namesake of the awards, Alfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in his will. The Associated Press contributed to this report. "Nobel Prize" from Boston Globe.

help w/us history? hopefully easy? Executive Log 2/2 2/3 2/4 2/8 11:00 AM: The President meets with senior advisors 11:35 AM: The President signs the New START Treaty 10:05 AM: The President departs the White House en route Andrews Air Force Base 12:00 AM: The President delivers remarks on innovation 2:10 PM: The President holds a bilateral meeting with Prime Minister Harper 3:10 PM: The President and Prime Minister Harper hold joint press availability 10:45 AM: The Vice President delivers remarks on the Administration’s plan to build a 21st century infrastructure - from roads and bridges to high-speed rail 12:30 PM: Briefing by Press Secretary Robert Gibbs 2/9 2/10 2/11 2/14 2:30 PM: The Vice President meets with Prime Minister Borut Pahor of Slovenia 3:45 PM: The President and the Vice President meet with Secretary of State Clinton 1:15 PM: The President views the Northern Michigan University’s WiMAX demonstration 1:30 PM: The President delivers remarks on the National Wireless Initiative 2:00 PM: The Vice President meets with police chiefs from around the country to discuss law enforcement issues 11:30 AM: The Vice President delivers remarks as part of the McConnell Center's spring lecture series 12:15 PM: Briefing by Press Secretary Robert Gibbs 10:10 AM: The President visits a science classroom 10:20 AM: The President delivers remarks on education and key budget priorities 2/15 2/16 2/17 2/18 1:30 PM: The President and the First Lady honor recipients of the 2010 Medal of Freedom in a ceremony 4:30 PM: The President and the Vice President meet with Secretary of Defense Gates 1:15 PM: The Vice President meets with Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski of Macedonia 2:20 PM: The President and the Vice President meet with the Senate Democratic Leadership 4:45 PM: The President delivers remarks on the America’s Great Outdoors initiative 8:00 PM: The Vice President holds a Recovery Act Cabinet Meeting 8:45 PM: The President arrives in San Francisco, California 9:45 PM: The President meets with business leaders in technology and innovation 1:45 PM: The President tours semiconductor manufacturing facility 2:25 PM: The President views student demonstrations by Intel 2/22 2/23 2/24 2/25 11:35 AM: The President delivers remarks at the opening session of the Winning the Future Forum on Small Business 12:05 PM: The President attends breakout sessions 12:30 PM: The Vice President hosts a lunch meeting with President of the Council on Foreign Relations Richard Haass 1:15 PM: The President visits the National Naval Medical Center 1:30 PM: The Vice President attends an event for Representative Carolyn Maloney 1:45 PM: The President holds a meeting with the President’s Council on Jobs and Competitiveness 3:00 PM: The President meets with Secretary of the Treasury Geithner 9:30 AM: The President and the Vice President receive the Presidential Daily Briefing 11:00 AM: The President and the Vice President meet with Democratic Governors 2/28 11:00 AM: The President and the Vice President meet with a bipartisan group of governors 2:10 PM: The President meets with UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon 12:30 PM: Briefing by Press Secretary Jay Carney 4:30 PM: The President and the Vice President meet with Secretary of Defense Gates 12:30 PM: Briefing by Press Secretary Jay Carney 1:45 PM: The President awards the 2010 National Medal of Arts and National Humanities Medal; the First Lady also attends 10:00 AM: The President and the Vice President meet with his national security team for his monthly meeting on Afghanistan and Pakistan 5:03 PM: The President calls the crews of the Space Shuttle Discovery and the International Space Station 3:05 PM: The President visits a classroom with former Governor Jeb Bush and Secretary Duncan 4:00 PM: The President delivers remarks on winning the future in education sorry a bit confusing...... so basically what part of the presidents powers are exercised for each situation? @Laughing Man yeah that's where I got it from, my teacher makes us. i just need to know how the pres' powers are exercised (based on article two in the constitution) but thx 4 answering

Is the Golden State turning into fools gold? California Begging Posted 12/24/2009 06:46 PM ET States: The once-great state of California has been reduced to begging from the federal government. But no matter how much help the feds give, the state's fiscal ills won't end until its lawmakers stop spending money. To say California is a mess is an understatement. In the current fiscal year, the state is expected to post a deficit of $21 billion as the budget continues to spiral out of control. Even after last year's epic budget battle, when Californians were hit with $12.5 billion in new taxes and $6 billion more in borrowing, the state still isn't close to bringing revenues and expenditures into balance. So Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger has an idea: He wants President Obama to give him $8 billion — or else, he says, he'll kill or slash most of the state's welfare programs, cut pay for 200,000 state workers and end two tax breaks for big corporations. How far the Golden State has fallen. Once the nation's unquestioned economic and innovation leader, it's now a laggard. With 13% of the country's population, it has nearly a third of its welfare recipients. Though it's still the world's seventh-largest economy, it's in danger of sliding backward as its fiscal and economic crises drive jobs and workers away. The White House should do California a favor and say no. The only thing that will help at this point is for the state's citizens to vote the Legislature out of office — or for the state to be forced into bankruptcy. The Legislature has been under almost exclusive Democratic control for decades. Time for change. Lawmakers in Sacramento are held in almost universal contempt by Californians, yet most are safe inside their carefully gerrymandered districts. They're the country's highest-paid state legislators, pulling down nearly $100,000, with $30,000 in tax-free money for their "expenses" and a state-provided car for their use. Yet look at the state's imploding economy and shrinking population, and it's clear they're guilty of negligence at best and malfeasance at worst. They've handed much of the control of the economy and education to the public employee unions that have systematically looted the public fisc. Businesses and high-income entrepreneurs are leaving the state in droves, fed up with the anti-business zealots who control Sacramento. By most objective measures, the economy is among the worst in the nation. Unemployment of over 12% is well above the national average of 10% — no surprise, considering the nonpartisan Tax Foundation recently ranked California 48th among the states on business-tax competitiveness. A Milken Institute study recently estimated that, from 2003 to 2007, California lost 79,000 manufacturing jobs due to regulations and high taxes. If manufacturing's share of the work force stayed where it was in 2000, the state would today have 1.6 million more jobs, $101 billion more output and $5 billion more in tax revenues. From 2000 to 2007, state spending surged more than 60%. But revenues over the same time have shrunk because businesses and entrepreneurs are being strangled by higher taxes and thousands of new regulations. The regulations alone cost $493 billion a year. In fiscal 2011, as budget gimmicks used to get the state through this year expire, spending will be nearly 15% higher. Such irresponsibility must stop. As long as the problem lies in Sacramento, the solution won't be found in Washington.

Are liberals who wish to be like Europe aware that Europe wouldn't be where it is today without the U.S.A.? I'm not just talking about WWII either-- When it comes to Europe watching America, he says, “It’s monkey see, monkey do.” Three data sets supply some evidence. Between 1980 and 2000, the United States consistently spent a larger share of its economy on nondefense research and development than France, Italy, Germany, or the U.K. The gap in overall research and development between the U.S. and European nations has stayed constant during the past 10 years. Patent rates are a second measure of innovation. Between 2002 and 2008, the annual number of patents granted in Germany was about 11,000. California alone produces twice as many. In 2008, the U.S. saw 92,000 patents granted, about the same number as the rest of the world. Benefits of Innovation This fruitfulness benefits the rest of the world in meaningful ways. Non-governmental organizations complain about the prices U.S. companies charge for HIV drugs. But the NGOs wouldn’t be able to dispense AIDs drugs at all if U.S. pharmaceutical companies hadn’t invented them. Third, there’s the quality of European and U.S. universities, which is harder to quantify. Anecdotally, we know the reality: nothing American -- not an East Side two-bedroom apartment, not a condo by the slope in Utah’s Deer Valley, not even U.S. citizenship -- is coveted more by Europe’s professional class than getting their children admitted into an Ivy League college. The Times of London gives four U.K. universities high spots in its ranking but the top of the field is dominated by U.S. schools. Read the whole article if you're interested--http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601039&sid=aJQaLYzHw3iE

Was the Collins project managed using a "project abandonment" strategy ? A phony incident may have been created. <<In a recent interview, Campbell Soup CEO Douglas Conant defined his mission in taking the helm eight years ago as “to take a ‘bad’ company and lift its performance to ‘extraordinary’ by 2011." In 2001, Campbell was indeed without clear direction and had no innovation strategy. Conant's strategy was simple enough: developing or keeping only products that ranked first or second in three major categories. It’s a strategy that immediately brings to mind the project abandonment strategy employed by former GE CEO Jack Welch. And it’s the project abandonment strategy Peter Drucker delivered to Welch and GE’s board of directors shortly after Welch took the reins of the then vastly diversified and bloated company. Leading Project Abandonment Practitioners Interestingly, but perhaps not surprisingly, Conant lists Drucker and Jim Collins as his favorite management thinkers. Most people familiar with the work of these two gentlemen know of their connection through the story of how Collins drove to Drucker’s home in Claremont, California, to seek some career advice. Collins, commenting on Conant’s selling the Godiva chocolate brand in 2008, said “That gets my attention, when someone has the discipline to let go of what doesn’t fit.” The Benefits of Effective Project Abandonment What all of these individuals share is the subtractive mindset and a belief in the power and discipline of a “stop-doing” project abandonment strategy. In the throes of his early post-Stanford Business School career at Hewlett-Packard, Collins’ favorite former professor reproached him for a lack of discipline. An expert in creativity and innovation, she told him his hard-wired energy level was riding over his mental clarity, enabling a busy yet unfocused life. Her words rang true; at the time, Collins was aggressively chasing his carefully-set stretch goals for the year, confident in his ability to accomplish them. Still, his life was crowded with the commotion of a fast-tracking career. Her comment made him pull up short and re-examine what he was doing. To help, she did what great teachers do, constructing a lesson in the form of an assignment she called “20-10”: Imagine that you’ve just inherited $20 million free and clear, but you only have 10 years to live. What would you do differently—and specifically, what would you stop doing? How would you practice project abandonment? Effective Project Abandonment Will Change a Process for the Better The exercise did precisely what it was intended to do—make Collins stop and think about what mattered most to him. It was a turning point. First, he realized he’d been racing down the wrong track, spending enormous energy on the wrong things. In fact, he woke up to the fact that he hated his job. He promptly began his project abandonment strategy by quitting and headed back to Stanford to launch a new career of research, teaching and writing. He would later visit Drucker seeking counsel on the ins and outs of this new direction. Effective Project Abandonment Means Choosing What is Important in the Big Picture The assignment became a constant reminder of just how important and precious his time is. He now starts each year by choosing what not to do; and each of his to-do lists always includes “stop-doing” items. Collins preaches his practice, impressing upon his audiences that they absolutely must have a “stop-doing” project abandonment list to accompany their to-do lists. As a practical matter, he advises developing a strong discipline around first giving careful thought to prioritizing goals and objectives, then eliminating the bottom 20 percent of the list and abandons those projects…forever. Project Abandonment Done Well Leads to Success The strategy helped Collins identify which factors led the companies he was studying to become “great” while others remained merely “good.” The great companies routinely eliminated activities and pursuits that did not significantly contribute to the following criteria: profit, passion and perfection. Profit meant engaging in only the activities that would result in value for both the company and the customer. Passion meant having a sense of noble purpose beyond just making money. And perfection meant focusing on flawlessly executing each task in such a way as to make the competition irrelevant. All three criteria had to be met in order for any activity to remain in these great companies’ repertoires. Jim Collins made the “stop doing” argument in an eloquent 2003 year-end essay appearing in USA Today: “A great piece of art is composed not just of what is in the final piece, but equally what is not. It is the discipline to discard what does not fit—to cut out what might have already cost days or even years of effort—that distinguishes the truly exceptional artist and marks the ideal piece of work, be it a symphony, a novel, a painting, a company, or most important of all, a life.” The subt

How about just giving Texas to China as payment in full for the Republican rape of the treasury? Besides, they are always complaining about how California is screwing up the union when in fact we have many times their state product, innovation, creativity, exports- you name it. Why do you suppose that we have to spend all of this money now to keep ourselves afloat? Our greatest failing is our Republican Governor and the illegals that Bush let into our state. Over generalizing, yes, wrong, not entirely. Please take the time to google which Presidents increased the deficit in the past- a Fox news, point of view does not pass for any form of wisdom. How many of you actually are from Texas, anyway? Actually I'm an old and angry fart that is witnessing the destruction of America through indifference and ignorance- a bad combination. Perhaps this is what is lacking. If most of you left my classroom it would be with a very red bottom. What a collection of right wing dorks! Good night!

Has anybody taken notice of what LIBERALISM has done to Kalifornia? Once upon a time, California was the 8th largest economy IN THE WORLD and led the way with productivity and innovation from aerospace to high technology. But take a look at what Gray Davis, Diane Feinstein, Barbara Boxer, Nancy Pelosi, Jerry Brown, have done to our state. Not even the Governator himself was powerful enough to stop it............ * $25 billion deficit * 12.4% unemployment rate * State taxes raised from 7.75% to 8.50% * Hundreds of thousands of state employees (most of any state in the union) * Retired state workers earning 125% of their original salaries * Estimated 7-12 million illegal aliens * Highest cost of gasoline in the country on average because of emissions laws * More people leaving the state than the number coming in * More businesses packing up and leaving because of the high tax rates Is THIS what liberals have planned for our country? Is Kalifornia an example of what liberals want to do to our nation on a national level?

Why did this version of the Health Care bill not pass? Why did this version of the health Care bill not pass? • Lowering health care premiums. This plan will lower health care premiums for American families and small businesses, addressing Americans’ number-one priority for health care reform. • Establishing Universal Access Programs to guarantee access to affordable health care for those with pre-existing conditions. This plan creates Universal Access Programs that expand and reform high-risk pools and reinsurance programs to guarantee that all Americans, regardless of pre-existing conditions or past illnesses, have access to affordable care – while lowering costs for all Americans. • Ending junk lawsuits. This plan would help end costly junk lawsuits and curb defensive medicine by enacting medical liability reforms modeled after the successful state laws of California and Texas. • Prevents insurers from unjustly canceling a policy. This plan prohibits an insurer from canceling a policy unless a person commits fraud or conceals material facts about a health condition. • Encouraging Small Business Health Plans. This plan gives small businesses the power to pool together and offer health care at lower prices, just as corporations and labor unions do. • Encouraging innovative state programs. This plan rewards innovation by providing incentive payments to states that reduce premiums and the number of uninsured. • Allowing Americans to buy insurance across state lines. This plan allows Americans to shop for • Cost: This plan only costs $375 billion instead of the over 1 Trillion of the one that passed. • This plan does NOT take over the Student loan industry, does NOT create numerous new government entities, does NOT cause existing doctors to quit. You can read the entire plan below. http://rules-republicans.house.gov/Media/PDF/RepublicanAlternative3962_9.pdf

Can anyone proof-read this article and see if you understand anything? To invisibility… and beyond! The mystic superpowers of superman, wonder-woman and the like have captured the imagination of generations of children across the world. Now, thanks to a team from the University of California in Berkeley, science is one step closer to making comic book fiction a reality: An invisibility shield to hide in broad daylight. That’s because scientists are becoming increasingly better at shaping the path of light like The Incredible Hulk could mold steel, a requirement for an invisibility shield. Indeed, an object is only visible because light rays hitting its surface are reflected and sent back into the eye. That’s why we need a flashlight to guide ourselves through a pitch-black campsite, and why crystal clear skyscraper windows are the bane of birds flying in New York City. No light rays reflected from the object? Nothing to see. But making an object invisible is not as simple as blocking light: A plant under an opaque cardboard box is merely hidden, not invisible. That means that an invisibility shield requires building a shield that doesn’t actually block light. Instead, it must force the light rays to bend around the object like the water in a river gently curves around a rock. Unfortunately, Mother Nature provides materials that bend light in one and one direction only: A spoon placed in a glass of water always appears to be bent upwards. And for an invisibility shield to really work, light must be deflected in many directions such that the shield could truly curve light rays around the object like rock in water. This was something that was considered impossible… until the team led by Dr Xiang Zhang presented their special material. By sandwiching thin sheets of conducting metal imprinted with holes one thousand times smaller than the width of a human hair, the team was able to build a metamaterial - from the Greek ‘meta’ or ‘beyond’. Sending a light field – like a laser beam – through the sheet causes the billion holes to act like tiny antennas emitting a unique magnetic field, one like no other found in nature. The field interacts with the light, and causes it to bend in a direction determined by the frequency, or color, of the light. To illustrate the flexibility and range of bending directions, the team fabricated a prism out of their funky material. While a normal prism produces a rainbow of colors in always the same order (redder colors on top, bluer ones on the bottom), the team’s prism behaved quite differently: The bluer colors went from being in the bottom part of the rainbow to being in its upper layer. Until now, the potential of 3-dimensional metamaterials had been shown to work at microwave frequencies only. Metamaterials for visible light had been demonstrated before, but they couldn’t work unless they were made from one single atom-thin layer of metal, too impractical for real devices. The innovation of Dr. Zhang’s team lies in implementing the theoretical concept of drilling tiny holes in 3-dimensions in a material, a scientific first. For now, an invisibility shield is still years away from being available at a corner store, or even in Dr. Zhang’s high-tech lab. Indeed, the metamaterial only works for a narrow range of colors, which means that an invisibility shield built for bluish light wouldn’t work for reddish light. Since broad daylight contains all colors, the shield in daylight would act more like a color filter than an invisibility cloak. Yet, this is one huge step towards designing super devices for monochromatic (one-color) applications. “Shaping light will allow scientists to create super lenses, improve communication networks, medical imaging devices, and more. This is really just the beginning for us.” Only time will tell if seeing is truly believing.

Isn't this one of the most IRONIC news stories in decades? UAW execs want UAW workers to take pay cuts? Now that the Unions & Govt own Obama-motors (majority shares, 61%) The NEW Owners...the UAW executives, want the UAW workers to take pay cuts...to which the UAW union workers said hell no and chased them out of the meeting. Remember when the UAW would demonize the GM management for wanting workers to take a SMALL cut in benefits? Remember when the workers all went on strike and would scream to the media how evil the management was? Why haven't we heard this on ANY of the Mainstream media? And best of all, the UAW execs are threatening to CLOSE the plant unless the UAW workers make the concessions... AND THIS IS BECAUSE THE UAW MANAGEMENT WANTS TO SELL THE PLANT!! You think maybe Obama should have let GM manage their own plants, as opposed to giving them to the unions? excerpt... As soon as three UAW International representatives took the podium, they were met with boos and shouts of opposition from many of the 631 workers currently employed at the plant. The officials, attempting to speak at the only informational meeting on the proposed contract changes, were forced out within minutes of taking the floor. The incident once again exposes the immense class divide between workers and union officials, who are working actively with the auto companies to drive down wages and eliminate benefits. A vote on the changes was originally scheduled for Monday, but was cancelled by the UAW after Sunday’s informational meeting made it clear that opposition was nearly unanimous. The new contract would, among other concessions, cut wages from an average of $29 an hour to $15.50. General Motors, the UAW, and the state government have been working to sell the plant to JD Norman Industries, which was demanding the nearly 50 percent wage cuts as a condition for the sale. GM and the UAW are now denouncing workers for opposing the destruction of their living standards. The UAW has worked closely with the Obama administration in pushing through a Wall Street-organized restructuring of the auto industry, premised on a drastic lowering in the wages of auto workers. (See “The “return of Detroit”: Wall Street celebrates the destruction of workers’ jobs and wages”.) Earlier this month, incoming UAW President Bob King declared that the UAW is “ready, willing and able to do what it takes” to ensure the success of the Big Three. He concluded, “The 21st-century UAW recognizes that flexibility, innovation, lean manufacturing and continuous cost improvement are paramount in the global marketplace.” In other words, the UAW will directly collaborate with the auto companies to impose poverty wages onto workers to boost the profits of the auto companies. The explosion at the UAW meeting in Indianapolis is the latest in a series of events exposing the anger that is building up among auto workers. In January, workers at the New United Motor Manufacturing (NUMMI) plant in Fremont, California clashed sharply with UAW executives after the UAW refused to do anything to prevent the plant from being shut down. http://www.wsws.org/articles/2010/aug2010/inds-a17.shtml Oh, and liberals, before you piss on the link, it's from the World Socialist Website..not exactly Fox News. Ranger: Wrong...the UAW asked it's UAW workers to make those concessions, and were thrown out of the meeting...remember?

Is America (Federal Government) socialist, capitalist, or a bit of both? The more I dig in on socialism (for my paper, by the way) the more I see the confusion people have over it. So its no wonder we call Obama socialist. We don't know what it means. For all we know he could go to lots of parties and talk a lot (social-ist). Can we have our socialist cake and eat it too? Socialism is an economic system where a single govt (like the Fed) controls and shares ownership of resources and the means of production. Lets take land. The young US gave/sold most of the land to the people (eastern US has Military bases and Natl Parks, little else. Since the Mexican session, the govt held on to a majority of the land 75% of nevada and 1/3 if california is federal land for example. It gave some away to build the railroads but that was rare. The US also owned a bank until Jackson disbanded it. The US owned the interstate system but now the states own the right of ways. I see socialism and capitalism flowing back and forth based on the will of the people and the leaders. Right now we are flowing left. For example, look at Bush and prescription drug program. It was 5 times the cost as private! But there are innovative ways to deregulate and privatize. More innovation, less government. But you wont get rid of socialism. Thats what I am putting in my paper.

Do you know who the green jobs czar is that Obama appointed? If not, he is a self proclaimed communist. A commy has been appointed by Obama to "create" green jobs. Now, it is official. If you still support Obama, then you have never liked this country and want to be like Russia 15 years ago. Do you STILL support Obama? Here are 2 links. One is a 20 minute video where the czar talks about wiping out coal mining jobs and the other is one of the many links you can find on google about him stating he is a communist. http://www.examiner.com/examiner/x-722-Conservative-Politics-Examiner~y2009m7d17-Van-Jones-Green-Jobs-Czar-a-selfdescribed-communist-arrested-during-Rodney-King-riots Van Jones, 'Green Jobs Czar', a self-described 'communist' arrested during Rodney King riots July 17, 9:58 AM 18 comments ShareThis RSS Email Print Van Jones (photo credit: collagepeople.org) . Van Jones is President Barack Obama's newly appointed "Green Jobs Czar." Jones' official title is Special Advisor on Green Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation for the White House Council on Environmental Quality. The 41-year-old Yale Law School graduate and civil rights lawyer is also the founder of California's Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, "a non-profit agency for justice, opportunities and peace." Sounds idyllic, but Jones' past isn't so pastoral. The Ella Baker Center was connected to STORM (Standing Together to Organize a Revolutionary Movement), a "multi-racial activist collective with Marxist influences" with which Jones was involved. In 1992, Van Jones founded another STORM project, Bay Area PoliceWatch, a "hotline and lawyer-referral service for victims and survivors of police abuse." This is fitting, perhaps, since Jones was himself arrested and detained briefly during a protest after the Rodney King verdict that same year. Jones told the East Bay Express in 2005: I was a rowdy nationalist on April 28th [1992], and then the verdicts came down on April 29th. By August, I was a communist. (...) I met all these young radical people of color – I mean really radical: communists and anarchists. And it was, like, 'This is what I need to be a part of.' I spent the next ten years of my life working with a lot of those people I met in jail, trying to be a revolutionary. Like a character out of The Big Chill, Van Jones seems to have evolved from radical activist to Establishment insider. Perhaps only a left-wing administration incapable of recognizing irony would put a self-described communist in charge of creating jobs. Luckily for Van Jones, and Obama's many other "Czars" with dubious credentials and troubling backgrounds, his new job was not dependent upon making it through Congressional hearings. For more info: Earlier this week, we looked at Obama's new "Science Czar" John P. Holdren, a longtime radical whose beliefs about ecology are tinged with misanthropy. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xlOv8RCkcXE

How good is my articles? I'm not native English speaker but i made an English website about cars and i'm writing on it myself and this is and example for my articles, so please rate my writing quality, is it good enough to attract the visitors or it's bad and if it's bad so please tell me why. _________________________________________________________________________________ Ferrari (Patio) - The new 458 Italia makes its debut on the Belgian scene on the Ferrari stand at the International Motor Show in Brussels alongside the range in full force ... Italia Ferrari 458 achieves a true generational leap to cut with a strong sports-oriented brand of Maranello, which is equipped with 8-cylinder engine centrally placed rear. The Italia 458 is a concentrate of innovation, a result also of the experience of the Prancing Horse in competition. By following the same methodologies as those used in the development of an F1 car, the work of technicians focused on the search for maximum efficiency in all aspects of the car. This work has, inter alia, to approve the 458 Italia with consumption in the combined cycle of 13.3 litres/100 km and a rate of CO2 emissions down to 307 g / km, the best on the market reference. In addition to reducing friction and weight limited, a fundamental contribution from the aerodynamic study, from which were obtained with innovative solutions such as aero-elastic wings located in front of the radiator to reduce driving resistance . The performances are exceptional, thanks to new 4499 cm3 engine developing 570 horsepower coupled with the F1 gearbox with double clutch, and a weight of 1380 pounds, the 458 Italia has a weight ratio extraordinary power of 2.42 kg / hp . This allows it to accelerate from 0 to 100 km / h in under 3.4 seconds and reach a top speed of over 325 km / h. It should be noted that the revolutionary interface Maranello's engineers, working in close collaboration with the Centro Stile Ferrari have completely rethought. The main controls of the car are now grouped on the steering wheel, while the secondary controls are located on two satellites that leave the panel. This provision, with the display screen directly in front of the driver can concentrate fully on driving in fulfilling its fundamental role of increased security. At the same time, they can achieve maximum levels of performance in all dynamic conditions. On the stand in the Patio, the range of Ferrari road is present in full force, with a 612 Scaglietti, flagship of the Prancing Horse GT and 599 GTB Fiorano. This is with GTE Handling Pack, which met with great success among clients and covered 70% of applications on new orders for the car. Among the 8-cylinder cars in more than 458 Italia, the Ferrari California is also exposed, but the engine is at the front on the coupe cabriolet. This has contributed to the success of the Maranello brand on the Belgian market: 89 cars in total, 14 more than in 2008 despite unfavorable economic circumstances.

Can you name a few famous people of the past who were Christians? Here are a few to start with: Next time you feel like you want to defend your Christianity against someone trying to belittle your(s) ! Drop these names !!!! are these Christians "educated" according to YOUR standards? Dr. David H. Rogstad Earned a Ph.D. in physics from Caltech before launching his career as a rocket scientist. During his 31 years at Caltech and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Worked on a number of high-profile projects, including the supercomputers used to simulate national defense scenarios dubbed "Star Wars." Also led the technical team credited with saving the Galileo Mission to Jupiter. In addition to publishing more than 20 papers on radio astronomy in scientific journals, was commissioned to co-author and edit Antenna Arraying Techniques in the Deep Space Network (Wiley, 2003). This book is part of the prestigious JPL series that lays a foundation for innovation in deep space navigation and communications. Still serves as a technical consultant to the Lab. Dr. Hugh Ross At age seventeen he was the youngest person yet to serve as director of observations for Vancouver's Royal Astronomical Society. With the help of a provincial scholarship and a National Research Council (NRC) of Canada fellowship, he completed his undergraduate degree in physics (University of British Columbia) and graduate degrees in astronomy (University of Toronto). The NRC also sent him to the United States for postdoctoral studies. At Caltech he researched quasars, some of the most distant and ancient objects in the universe. Dr. Jeffrey Zweerink From the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) where he still serves (part-time) on the physics and astronomy research faculty. Although science has been a major interest for most of his life, Jeff developed a fascination with gamma rays-messengers from vastly distant black holes and neutron stars-during his graduate studies at Iowa State University, where he earned his Ph.D. in 1997. Conducted research using the STACEE and VERITAS gamma-ray telescopes. Involved in research projects such as the Solar Two Project and the Whipple Collaboration. Has co-authored more than 30 journal articles and numerous conference proceedings. Gerald E. Aardsma (physicist and radiocarbon dating) Louis Agassiz (helped develop the study of glacial geology and of ichthyology) Alexander Arndt (analytical chemist, etc.) Steven A. Austin (geologist and coal formation expert) Charles Babbage (helped develop science of computers / developed actuarial tables and the calculating machine) Francis Bacon (developed the Scientific Method) Thomas G. Barnes (physicist) Robert Boyle (helped develop sciences of chemistry and gas dynamics) Wernher von Braun (pioneer of rocketry and space exploration) David Brewster (helped develop science of optical mineralogy) Arthur V. Chadwick (geologist) Melvin Alonzo Cook (physical chemist, Nobel Prize nominee) Georges Cuvier (helped develop sciences of comparative anatomy and vertebrate paleontology) Humphry Davy (helped develop science of thermokinetics) Donald B. DeYoung (physicist, specializing in solid-state, nuclear science and astronomy) Henri Fabre (helped develop science of insect entomology) Michael Faraday (helped develop science of electromagnetics / developed the Field Theory / invented the electric generator) Danny R. Faulkner (astronomer) Ambrose Fleming (helped develop science of electronics / invented thermionic valve) Robert V. Gentry (physicist and chemist) Duane T. Gish (biochemist) John Grebe (chemist) Joseph Henry (invented the electric motor and the galvanometer / discovered self-induction) William Herschel (helped develop science of galactic astronomy / discovered double stars / developed the Global Star Catalog) George F. Howe (botanist) D. Russell Humphreys (award-winning physicist) James P. Joule (developed reversible thermodynamics) Johann Kepler (helped develop science of physical astronomy / developed the Ephemeris Tables) John W. Klotz (geneticist and biologist) Leonid Korochkin (geneticist) Lane P. Lester (geneticist and biologist) Carolus Linnaeus (helped develop sciences of taxonomy and systematic biology / developed the Classification System) Joseph Lister (helped develop science of antiseptic surgery) Frank L. Marsh (biologist) Matthew Maury (helped develop science of oceanography/hydrography) James Clerk Maxwell (helped develop the science of electrodynamics) Gregor Mendel (founded the modern science of genetics) Samuel F. B. Morse (invented the telegraph) Isaac Newton (helped develop science of dynamics and the discipline of calculus / father of the Law of Gravity / invented the reflecting telescope) Gary E. Parker (biologist and paleontologist) Blaise Pascal (helped develop science of hydrostatics / invented the barometer) Louis Pasteur (helped develop science of bacteriology / discovered the Law of Biogenesis / invented Byelotsa noted: (Congratulations on monumental irrelevance! Anyone who claims that all Christians are stupid is himself pretty stupid anyway.) I was hoping that at least a few of the nons had an attention span, but this is evidence that some do not.

What is a service sector or infrastructure that California lacks? ...or needs serious improvement? How can we improve it to be more environmentally friendly, equitable, and at a low cost to the city/county or state? Or perhaps the innovation can generate revenue for the city/county/ state. Good suggestions, but this is for a Sustainability Planning class.. I need topics focused around improving California's physical environment/ services (small or large scale)...something "eco-friendly" and feasible. ---gomanyes- I completely agree, but my professor said "transportation" is too broad and complicated.

Is it good to drink milk? The text is too long but worthwhile read....? "MILK" Just the word itself sounds comforting! "How about a nice cup of hot milk?" The last time you heard that question it was from someone who cared for you--and you appreciated their effort. The entire matter of food and especially that of milk is surrounded with emotional and cultural importance. Milk was our very first food. If we were fortunate it was our mother's milk. A loving link, given and taken. It was the only path to survival. If not mother's milk it was cow's milk or soy milk "formula"--rarely it was goat, camel or water buffalo milk. Now, we are a nation of milk drinkers. Nearly all of us. Infants, the young, adolescents, adults and even the aged. We drink dozens or even several hundred gallons a year and add to that many pounds of "dairy products" such as cheese, butter, and yogurt. Can there be anything wrong with this? We see reassuring images of healthy, beautiful people on our television screens and hear messages that assure us that, "Milk is good for your body." Our dieticians insist that: "You've got to have milk, or where will you get your calcium?" School lunches always include milk and nearly every hospital meal will have milk added. And if that isn't enough, our nutritionists told us for years that dairy products make up an "essential food group." Industry spokesmen made sure that colourful charts proclaiming the necessity of milk and other essential nutrients were made available at no cost for schools. Cow's milk became "normal." You may be surprised to learn that most of the human beings that live on planet Earth today do not drink or use cow's milk. Further, most of them can't drink milk because it makes them ill. There are students of human nutrition who are not supportive of milk use for adults. Here is a quotation from the March/April 1991 Utne Reader: If you really want to play it safe, you may decide to join the growing number of Americans who are eliminating dairy products from their diets altogether. Although this sounds radical to those of us weaned on milk and the five basic food groups, it is eminently viable. Indeed, of all the mammals, only humans--and then only a minority, principally Caucasians--continue to drink milk beyond babyhood. Who is right? Why the confusion? Where best to get our answers? Can we trust milk industry spokesmen? Can you trust any industry spokesmen? Are nutritionists up to date or are they simply repeating what their professors learned years ago? What about the new voices urging caution? I believe that there are three reliable sources of information. The first, and probably the best, is a study of nature. The second is to study the history of our own species. Finally we need to look at the world's scientific literature on the subject of milk. Let's look at the scientific literature first. From 1988 to 1993 there were over 2,700 articles dealing with milk recorded in the 'Medicine' archives. Fifteen hundred of theses had milk as the main focus of the article. There is no lack of scientific information on this subject. I reviewed over 500 of the 1,500 articles, discarding articles that dealt exclusively with animals, esoteric research and inconclusive studies. How would I summarize the articles? They were only slightly less than horrifying. First of all, none of the authors spoke of cow's milk as an excellent food, free of side effects and the 'perfect food' as we have been led to believe by the industry. The main focus of the published reports seems to be on intestinal colic, intestinal irritation, intestinal bleeding, anemia, allergic reactions in infants and children as well as infections such as salmonella. More ominous is the fear of viral infection with bovine leukemia virus or an AIDS-like virus as well as concern for childhood diabetes. Contamination of milk by blood and white (pus) cells as well as a variety of chemicals and insecticides was also discussed. Among children the problems were allergy, ear and tonsillar infections, bedwetting, asthma, intestinal bleeding, colic and childhood diabetes. In adults the problems seemed centered more around heart disease and arthritis, allergy, sinusitis, and the more serious questions of leukemia, lymphoma and cancer. I think that an answer can also be found in a consideration of what occurs in nature & what happens with free living mammals and what happens with human groups living in close to a natural state as 'hunter-gatherers'. Our paleolithic ancestors are another crucial and interesting group to study. Here we are limited to speculation and indirect evidences, but the bony remains available for our study are remarkable. There is no doubt whatever that these skeletal remains reflect great strength, muscularity (the size of the muscular insertions show this), and total absence of advanced osteoporosis. And if you feel that these people are not important for us to study, consider that today our genes are programming our bodies in almost exactly the same way as our ancestors of 50,000 to 100,000 years ago. WHAT IS MILK? Milk is a maternal lactating secretion, a short term nutrient for new-borns. Nothing more, nothing less. Invariably, the mother of any mammal will provide her milk for a short period of time immediately after birth. When the time comes for 'weaning', the young offspring is introduced to the proper food for that species of mammal. A familiar example is that of a puppy. The mother nurses the pup for just a few weeks and then rejects the young animal and teaches it to eat solid food. Nursing is provided by nature only for the very youngest of mammals. Of course, it is not possible for animals living in a natural state to continue with the drinking of milk after weaning. IS ALL MILK THE SAME? Then there is the matter of where we get our milk. We have settled on the cow because of its docile nature, its size, and its abundant milk supply. Somehow this choice seems 'normal' and blessed by nature, our culture, and our customs. But is it natural? Is it wise to drink the milk of another species of mammal? Consider for a moment, if it was possible, to drink the milk of a mammal other than a cow, let's say a rat. Or perhaps the milk of a dog would be more to your liking. Possibly some horse milk or cat milk. Do you get the idea? Well, I'm not serious about this, except to suggest that human milk is for human infants, dogs' milk is for pups, cows' milk is for calves, cats' milk is for kittens, and so forth. Clearly, this is the way nature intends it. Just use your own good judgement on this one. Milk is not just milk. The milk of every species of mammal is unique and specifically tailored to the requirements of that animal. For example, cows' milk is very much richer in protein than human milk. Three to four times as much. It has five to seven times the mineral content. However, it is markedly deficient in essential fatty acids when compared to human mothers' milk. Mothers' milk has six to ten times as much of the essential fatty acids, especially linoleic acid. (Incidentally, skimmed cow's milk has no linoleic acid). It simply is not designed for humans. Food is not just food, and milk is not just milk. It is not only the proper amount of food but the proper qualitative composition that is critical for the very best in health and growth. Biochemists and physiologists -and rarely medical doctors - are gradually learning that foods contain the crucial elements that allow a particular species to develop its unique specializations. Clearly, our specialization is for advanced neurological development and delicate neuromuscular control. We do not have much need of massive skeletal growth or huge muscle groups as does a calf. Think of the difference between the demands make on the human hand and the demands on a cow's hoof. Human new-borns specifically need critical material for their brains, spinal cord and nerves. Can mother's milk increase intelligence? It seems that it can. In a remarkable study published in Lancet during 1992 (Vol. 339, p. 261-4), a group of British workers randomly placed premature infants into two groups. One group received a proper formula, the other group received human breast milk. Both fluids were given by stomach tube. These children were followed up for over 10 years. In intelligence testing, the human milk children averaged 10 IQ points higher! Well, why not? Why wouldn't the correct building blocks for the rapidly maturing and growing brain have a positive effect? In the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (1982) Ralph Holman described an infant who developed profound neurological disease while being nourished by intravenous fluids only. The fluids used contained only linoleic acid - just one of the essential fatty acids. When the other, alpha linoleic acid, was added to the intravenous fluids the neurological disorders cleared. In the same journal five years later Bjerve, Mostad and Thoresen, working in Norway found exactly the same problem in adult patients on long term gastric tube feeding. In 1930 Dr. G.O. Burr in Minnesota working with rats found that linoleic acid deficiencies created a deficiency syndrome. Why is this mentioned? In the early 1960s pediatricians found skin lesions in children fed formulas without the same linoleic acid. Remembering the research, the addition of the acid to the formula cured the problem. Essential fatty acids are just that and cows' milk is markedly deficient in these when compared to human milk. WELL, AT LEAST COW'S MILK IS PURE Or is it? Fifty years ago an average cow produced 2,000 pounds of milk per year. Today the top producers give 50,000 pounds! How was this accomplished? Drugs, antibiotics, hormones, forced feeding plans and specialized breeding; that's how. The latest high-tech onslaught on the poor cow is bovine growth hormone or BGH. This genetically engineered drug is supposed to stimulate milk production but, according to Monsanto, the hormone's manufacturer, does not affect the milk or meat. There are three other manufacturers: Upjohn, Eli Lilly, and American Cyanamid Company. Obviously, there have been no long-term studies on the hormone's effect on the humans drinking the milk. Other countries have banned BGH because of safety concerns. One of the problems with adding molecules to a milk cows' body is that the molecules usually come out in the milk. I don't know how you feel, but I don't want to experiment with the ingestion of a growth hormone. A related problem is that it causes a marked increase (50 to 70 per cent) in mastitis. This, then, requires antibiotic therapy, and the residues of the antibiotics appear in the milk. It seems that the public is uneasy about this product and in one survey 43 per cent felt that growth hormone treated milk represented a health risk. A vice president for public policy at Monsanto was opposed to labelling for that reason, and because the labelling would create an 'artificial distinction'. The country is awash with milk as it is, we produce more milk than we can consume. Let's not create storage costs and further taxpayer burdens, because the law requires the USDA to buy any surplus of butter, cheese, or non-fat dry milk at a support price set by Congress! In fiscal 1991, the USDA spent $757 million on surplus butter, and one billion dollars a year on average for price supports during the 1980s (Consumer Reports, May 1992: 330-32). Any lactating mammal excretes toxins through her milk. This includes antibiotics, pesticides, chemicals and hormones. Also, all cows' milk contains blood! The inspectors are simply asked to keep it under certain limits. You may be horrified to learn that the USDA allows milk to contain from one to one and a half million white blood cells per millilitre. (That's only 1/30 of an ounce). If you don't already know this, I'm sorry to tell you that another way to describe white cells where they don't belong would be to call them pus cells. To get to the point, is milk pure or is it a chemical, biological, and bacterial cocktail? Finally, will the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) protect you? The United States General Accounting Office (GAO) tells us that the FDA and the individual States are failing to protect the public from drug residues in milk. Authorities test for only 4 of the 82 drugs in dairy cows. As you can imagine, the Milk Industry Foundation's spokesman claims it's perfectly safe. Jerome Kozak says, "I still think that milk is the safest product we have." Other, perhaps less biased observers, have found the following: 38% of milk samples in 10 cities were contaminated with sulfa drugs or other antibiotics. (This from the Centre for Science in the Public Interest and The Wall Street Journal, Dec. 29, 1989).. A similar study in Washington, DC found a 20 percent contamination rate (Nutrition Action Healthletter, April 1990). What's going on here? When the FDA tested milk, they found few problems. However, they used very lax standards. When they used the same criteria, the FDA data showed 51 percent of the milk samples showed drug traces. Let's focus in on this because it’s critical to our understanding of the apparent discrepancies. The FDA uses a disk-assay method that can detect only 2 of the 30 or so drugs found in milk. Also, the test detects only at the relatively high level. A more powerful test called the 'Charm II test' can detect drugs down to 5 parts per billion. One nasty subject must be discussed. It seems that cows are forever getting infections around the udder that require ointments and antibiotics. An article from France tells us that when a cow receives penicillin, that penicillin appears in the milk for from 4 to 7 milkings. Another study from the University of Nevada, Reno tells of cells in 'mastic milk', milk from cows with infected udders. An elaborate analysis of the cell fragments, employing cell cultures, flow cytometric analysis , and a great deal of high tech stuff. Do you know what the conclusion was? If the cow has mastitis, there is pus in the milk. Sorry, it’s in the study, all concealed with language such as "macrophages containing many vacuoles and phagocytosed particles," etc. IT GETS WORSE Well, at least human mothers' milk is pure! Sorry. A huge study showed that human breast milk in over 14,000 women had contamination by pesticides! Further, it seems that the sources of the pesticides are meat and--you guessed it-- dairy products. Well, why not? These pesticides are concentrated in fat and that's what's in these products. (Of interest, a subgroup of lactating vegetarian mothers had only half the levels of contamination). A recent report showed an increased concentration of pesticides in the breast tissue of women with breast cancer when compared to the tissue of women with fibrocystic disease. Other articles in the standard medical literature describe problems. Just scan these titles: 1.Cow's Milk as a Cause of Infantile Colic Breast-Fed Infants. Lancet 2 (1978): 437 2.Dietary Protein-Induced Colitis in Breast- Fed Infants, J. Pediatr. I01 (1982): 906 3.The Question of the Elimination of Foreign Protein in Women's Milk, J. Immunology 19 (1930): 15 There are many others. There are dozens of studies describing the prompt appearance of cows' milk allergy in children being exclusively breast-fed! The cows' milk allergens simply appear in the mother's milk and are transmitted to the infant. A committee on nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics reported on the use of whole cows' milk in infancy (Pediatrics 1983: 72-253). They were unable to provide any cogent reason why bovine milk should be used before the first birthday yet continued to recommend its use! Doctor Frank Oski from the Upstate Medical Centre Department of Pediatrics, commenting on the recommendation, cited the problems of acute gastrointestinal blood loss in infants, the lack of iron, recurrent abdominal pain, milk- borne infections and contaminants, and said: Why give it at all - then or ever? In the face of uncertainty about many of the potential dangers of whole bovine milk, it would seem prudent to recommend that whole milk not be started until the answers are available. Isn't it time for these uncontrolled experiments on human nutrition to come to an end? In the same issue of Pediatrics he further commented: It is my thesis that whole milk should not be fed to the infant in the first year of life because of its association with iron deficiency anemia (milk is so deficient in iron that an infant would have to drink an impossible 31 quarts a day to get the RDA of 15 mg), acute gastrointiestinal bleeding, and various manifestations of food allergy. I suggest that unmodified whole bovine milk should not be consumed after infancy because of the problems of lactose intolerance, its contribution to the genesis of atherosclerosis, and its possible link to other diseases. In late 1992 Dr. Benjamin Spock, possibly the best known pediatrician in history, shocked the country when he articulated the same thoughts and specified avoidance for the first two years of life. Here is his quotation: I want to pass on the word to parents that cows' milk from the carton has definite faults for some babies. Human milk is the right one for babies. A study comparing the incidence of allergy and colic in the breast-fed infants of omnivorous and vegan mothers would be important. I haven't found such a study; it would be both important and inexpensive. And it will probably never be done. There is simply no academic or economic profit involved. OTHER PROBLEMS Let's just mention the problems of bacterial contamination. Salmonella, E. coli, and staphylococcal infections can be traced to milk. In the old days tuberculosis was a major problem and some folks want to go back to those times by insisting on raw milk on the basis that it's "natural." This is insanity! A study from UCLA showed that over a third of all cases of salmonella infection in California, 1980-1983 were traced to raw milk. That'll be a way to revive good old brucellosis again and I would fear leukemia, too. (More about that later). In England, and Wales where raw milk is still consumed there have been outbreaks of milk-borne diseases. The Journal of the American Medical Association (251: 483, 1984) reported a multi-state series of infections caused by Yersinia enterocolitica in pasteurised whole milk. This is despite safety precautions. All parents dread juvenile diabetes for their children. A Canadian study reported in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Mar. 1990, describes a "...significant positive correlation between consumption of unfermented milk protein and incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in data from various countries. Conversely a possible negative relationship is observed between breast-feeding at age 3 months and diabetes risk.". Another study from Finland found that diabetic children had higher levels of serum antibodies to cows’ milk (Diabetes Research 7(3): 137-140 March 1988). Here is a quotation from this study: We infer that either the pattern of cows' milk consumption is altered in children who will have insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or, their immunological reactivity to proteins in cows' milk is enhanced, or the permeability of their intestines to cows' milk protein is higher than normal. The April 18, 1992 British Medical Journal has a fascinating study contrasting the difference in incidence of juvenile insulin dependent diabetes in Pakistani children who have migrated to England. The incidence is roughly 10 times greater in the English group compared to children remaining in Pakistan! What caused this highly significant increase? The authors said that "the diet was unchanged in Great Britain." Do you believe that? Do you think that the availability of milk, sugar and fat is the same in Pakistan as it is in England? That a grocery store in England has the same products as food sources in Pakistan? I don't believe that for a minute. Remember, we're not talking here about adult onset, type II diabetes which all workers agree is strongly linked to diet as well as to a genetic predisposition. This study is a major blow to the "it's all in your genes" crowd. Type I diabetes was always considered to be genetic or possibly viral, but now this? So resistant are we to consider diet as causation that the authors of the last article concluded that the cooler climate in England altered viruses and caused the very real increase in diabetes! The first two authors had the same reluctance top admit the obvious. The milk just may have had something to do with the disease. The latest in this remarkable list of reports, a New England Journal of Medicine article (July 30, 1992), also reported in the Los Angeles Times. This study comes from the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto and from Finnish researchers. In Finland there is "...the world's highest rate of dairy product consumption and the world's highest rate of insulin dependent diabetes. The disease strikes about 40 children out of every 1,000 there contrasted with six to eight per 1,000 in the United States.... Antibodies produced against the milk protein during the first year of life, the researchers speculate, also attack and destroy the pancreas in a so-called auto-immune reaction, producing diabetes in people whose genetic makeup leaves them vulnerable." "...142 Finnish children with newly diagnosed diabetes. They found that every one had at least eight times as many antibodies against the milk protein as did healthy children, clear evidence that the children had a raging auto immune disorder." The team has now expanded the study to 400 children and is starting a trial where 3,000 children will receive no dairy products during the first nine months of life. "The study may take 10 years, but we'll get a definitive answer one way or the other," according to one of the researchers. I would caution them to be certain that the breast feeding mothers use on cows' milk in their diets or the results will be confounded by the transmission of the cows' milk protein in the mother's breast milk.... Now what was the reaction from the diabetes association? This is very interesting! Dr. F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, the president of the association says: "It does not mean that children should stop drinking milk or that parents of diabetics should withdraw dairy products. These are rich sources of good protein." (Emphasis added) My God, it's the "good protein" that causes the problem! Do you suspect that the dairy industry may have helped the American Diabetes Association in the past? LEUKEMIA? LYMPHOMA? THIS MAY BE THE WORST--BRACE YOURSELF! I hate to tell you this, but the bovine leukemia virus is found in more than three of five dairy cows in the United States! This involves about 80% of dairy herds. Unfortunately, when the milk is pooled, a very large percentage of all milk produced is contaminated (90 to 95 per cent). Of course the virus is killed in pasteurisation-- if the pasteurisation was done correctly. What if the milk is raw? In a study of randomly collected raw milk samples the bovine leukemia virus was recovered from two-thirds. I sincerely hope that the raw milk dairy herds are carefully monitored when compared to the regular herds. (Science 1981; 213:1014). This is a world-wide problem. One lengthy study from Germany deplored the problem and admitted the impossibility of keeping the virus from infected cows' milk from the rest of the milk. Several European countries, including Germany and Switzerland, have attempted to "cull" the infected cows from their herds. Certainly the United States must be the leader in the fight against leukemic dairy cows, right? Wrong! We are the worst in the world with the former exception of Venezuela according to Virgil Hulse MD, a milk specialist who also has a B.S. in Dairy Manufacturing as well as a Master's degree in Public Health. As mentioned, the leukemia virus is rendered inactive by pasteurisation. Of course. However, there can be Chernobyl like accidents. One of these occurred in the Chicago area in April, 1985. At a modern, large, milk processing plant an accidental "cross connection" between raw and pasteurized milk occurred. A violent salmonella outbreak followed, killing 4 and making an estimated 150,000 ill. Now the question I would pose to the dairy industry people is this: "How can you assure the people who drank this milk that they were not exposed to the ingestion of raw, unkilled, bully active bovine leukemia viruses?" Further, it would be fascinating to know if a "cluster" of leukemia cases blossoms in that area in 1 to 3 decades. There are reports of "leukemia clusters" elsewhere, one of them mentioned in the June 10, 1990 San Francisco Chronicle involving Northern California. What happens to other species of mammals when they are exposed to the bovine leukemia virus? It's a fair question and the answer is not reassuring. Virtually all animals exposed to the virus develop leukemia. This includes sheep, goats, and even primates such as rhesus monkeys and chimpanzees. The route of transmission includes ingestion (both intravenous and intramuscular) and cells present in milk. There are obviously no instances of transfer attempts to human beings, but we know that the virus can infect human cells in vitro. There is evidence of human antibody formation to the bovine leukemia virus; this is disturbing. How did the bovine leukemia virus particles gain access to humans and become antigens? Was it as small, denatured particles? If the bovine leukemia viruses causes human leukemia, we could expect the dairy states with known leukemic herds to have a higher incidence of human leukemia. Is this so? Unfortunately, it seems to be the case! Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota, Minnesota and Wisconsin have statistically higher incidence of leukemia than the national average. In Russia and in Sweden, areas with uncontrolled bovine leukemia virus have been linked with increases in human leukemia. I am also told that veterinarians have higher rates of leukemia than the general public. Dairy farmers have significantly elevated leukemia rates. Recent research shows lymphocytes from milk fed to neonatal mammals gains access to bodily tissues by passing directly through the intestinal wall. An optimistic note from the University of Illinois, Ubana from the Department of Animal Sciences shows the importance of one's perspective. Since they are concerned with the economics of milk and not primarily the health aspects, they noted that the production of milk was greater in the cows with the bovine leukemia virus. However when the leukemia produced a persistent and significant lymphocytosis (increased white blood cell count), the production fell off. They suggested "a need to re-evaluate the economic impact of bovine leukemia virus infection on the dairy industry". Does this mean that leukemia is good for profits only if we can keep it under control? You can get the details on this business concern from Proc. Nat. Acad. Sciences, U.S. Feb. 1989. I added emphasis and am insulted that a university department feels that this is an economic and not a human health issue. Do not expect help from the Department of Agriculture or the universities. The money stakes and the political pressures are too great. You're on you own. What does this all mean? We know that virus is capable of producing leukemia in other animals. Is it proven that it can contribute to human leukemia (or lymphoma, a related cancer)? Several articles tackle this one: 1.Epidemiologic Relationships of the Bovine Population and Human Leukemia in Iowa. Am Journal of Epidemiology 112 (1980):80 2.Milk of Dairy Cows Frequently Contains a Leukemogenic Virus. Science 213 (1981): 1014 3.Beware of the Cow. (Editorial) Lancet 2 (1974):30 4.Is Bovine Milk A Health Hazard?. Pediatrics; Suppl. Feeding the Normal Infant. 75:182-186; 1985 In Norway, 1422 individuals were followed for 11 and a half years. Those drinking 2 or more glasses of milk per day had 3.5 times the incidence of cancer of the lymphatic organs. British Med. Journal 61:456-9, March 1990. One of the more thoughtful articles on this subject is from Allan S. Cunningham of Cooperstown, New York. Writing in the Lancet, November 27, 1976 (page 1184), his article is entitled, "Lymphomas and Animal-Protein Consumption". Many people think of milk as “liquid meat” and Dr. Cunningham agrees with this. He tracked the beef and dairy consumption in terms of grams per day for a one year period, 1955-1956., in 15 countries . New Zealand, United States and Canada were highest in that order. The lowest was Japan followed by Yugoslavia and France. The difference between the highest and lowest was quite pronounced: 43.8 grams/day for New Zealanders versus 1.5 for Japan. Nearly a 30-fold difference! (Parenthetically, the last 36 years have seen a startling increase in the amount of beef and milk used in Japan and their disease patterns are reflecting this, confirming the lack of 'genetic protection' seen in migration studies. Formerly the increase in frequency of lymphomas in Japanese people was only in those who moved to the USA)! An interesting bit of trivia is to note the memorial built at the Gyokusenji Temple in Shimoda, Japan. This marked the spot where the first cow was killed in Japan for human consumption! The chains around this memorial were a gift from the US Navy. Where do you suppose the Japanese got the idea to eat beef? The year? 1930. Cunningham found a highly significant positive correlation between deaths from lymphomas and beef and dairy ingestion in the 15 countries analysed. A few quotations from his article follow: The average intake of protein in many countries is far in excess of the recommended requirements. Excessive consumption of animal protein may be one co-factor in the causation of lymphomas by acting in the following manner. Ingestion of certain proteins results in the adsorption of antigenic fragments through the gastrointestinal mucous membrane. This results in chronic stimulation of lymphoid tissue to which these fragments gain access "Chronic immunological stimulation causes lymphomas in laboratory animals and is believed to cause lymphoid cancers in men." The gastrointestinal mucous membrane is only a partial barrier to the absorption of food antigens, and circulating antibodies to food protein is commonplace especially potent lymphoid stimulants. Ingestion of cows' milk can produce generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and profound adenoid hypertrophy. It has been conservatively estimated that more than 100 distinct antigens are released by the normal digestion of cows' milk which evoke production of all antibody classes [This may explain why pasteurized, killed viruses are still antigenic and can still cause disease. Here's more. A large prospective study from Norway was reported in the British Journal of Cancer 61 (3):456-9, March 1990. (Almost 16,000 individuals were followed for 11 and a half years). For most cancers there was no association between the tumour and milk ingestion. However, in lymphoma, there was a strong positive association. If one drank two glasses or more daily (or the equivalent in dairy products), the odds were 3.4 times greater than in persons drinking less than one glass of developing a lymphoma. There are two other cow-related diseases that you should be aware of. At this time they are not known to be spread by the use of dairy products and are not known to involve man. The first is bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and the second is the bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). The first of these diseases, we hope, is confined to England and causes cavities in the animal's brain. Sheep have long been known to suffer from a disease called scrapie. It seems to have been started by the feeding of contaminated sheep parts, especially brains, to the British cows. Now, use your good sense. Do cows seem like carnivores? Should they eat meat? This profit-motivated practice backfired and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or Mad Cow Disease, swept Britain. The disease literally causes dementia in the unfortunate animal and is 100 per cent incurable. To date, over 100,000 cows have been incinerated in England in keeping with British law. Four hundred to 500 cows are reported as infected each month. The British public is concerned and has dropped its beef consumption by 25 per cent, while some 2,000 schools have stopped serving beef to children. Several farmers have developed a fatal disease syndrome that resembles both BSE and CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob- Disease). But the British Veterinary Association says that transmission of BSE to humans is "remote." The USDA agrees that the British epidemic was due to the feeding of cattle with bonemeal or animal protein produced at rendering plants from the carcasses of scrapie-infected sheep. The have prohibited the importation of live cattle and zoo ruminants from Great Britain and claim that the disease does not exist in the United States. However, there may be a problem. "Downer cows" are animals who arrive at auction yards or slaughter houses dead, trampled, lacerated, dehydrated, or too ill from viral or bacterial diseases to walk. Thus they are "down." If they cannot respond to electrical shocks by walking, they are dragged by chains to dumpsters and transported to rendering plants where, if they are not already dead, they are killed. Even a "humane" death is usually denied them. They are then turned into protein food for animals as well as other preparations. Minks that have been fed this protein have developed a fatal encephalopathy that has some resemblance to BSE. Entire colonies of minks have been lost in this manner, particularly in Wisconsin. It is feared that the infective agent is a prion or slow virus possible obtained from the ill "downer cows." The British Medical Journal in an editorial whimsically entitled "How Now Mad Cow?" (BMJ vol. 304, 11 Apr. 1992:929- 30) describes cases of BSE in species not previously known to be affected, such as cats. They admit that produce contaminated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy entered the human food chain in England between 1986 and 1989. They say. "The result of this experiment is awaited." As the incubation period can be up to three decades, wait we must. The immunodeficency virus is seen in cattle in the United States and is more worrisome. Its structure is closely related to that of the human AIDS virus. At this time we do not know if exposure to the raw BIV proteins can cause the sera of humans to become positive for HIV. The extent of the virus among American herds is said to be "widespread". (The USDA refuses to inspect the meat and milk to see if antibodies to this retrovirus is present). It also has no plans to quarantine the infected animals. As in the case of humans with AIDS, there is no cure for BIV in cows. Each day we consume beef and diary products from cows infected with these viruses and no scientific assurance exists that the products are safe. Eating raw beef (as in steak Tartare) strikes me as being very risky, especially after the Seattle E. coli deaths of 1993. A report in the Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, October 1992, Vol. 56 pp.353-359 and another from the Russian literature, tell of a horrifying development. They report the first detection in human serum of the antibody to a bovine immunodeficiency virus protein. In addition to this disturbing report, is another from Russia telling us of the presence of virus proteins related to the bovine leukemia virus in 5 of 89 women with breast disease (Acta Virologica Feb. 1990 34(1): 19-26). The implications of these developments are unknown at present. However, it is safe to assume that these animal viruses are unlikely to "stay" in the animal kingdom. OTHER CANCERS--DOES IT GET WORSE? Unfortunately it does. Ovarian cancer--a particularly nasty tumour--was associated with milk consumption by workers at Roswell Park Memorial Institute in Buffalo, New York. Drinking more than one glass of whole milk or equivalent daily gave a woman a 3.1 times risk over non-milk users. They felt that the reduced fat milk products helped reduce the risk. This association has been made repeatedly by numerous investigators. Another important study, this from the Harvard Medical School, analyzed data from 27 countries mainly from the 1970s. Again a significant positive correlation is revealed between ovarian cancer and per capita milk consumption. These investigators feel that the lactose component of milk is the responsible fraction, and the digestion of this is facilitated by the persistence of the ability to digest the lactose (lactose persistence) - a little different emphasis, but the same conclusion. This study was reported in the American Journal of Epidemiology 130 (5): 904-10 Nov. 1989. These articles come from two of the country's leading institutions, not the Rodale Press or Prevention Magazine. Even lung cancer has been associated with milk ingestion? The beverage habits of 569 lung cancer patients and 569 controls again at Roswell Park were studied in the International Journal of Cancer, April 15, 1989. Persons drinking whole milk 3 or more times daily had a 2-fold increase in lung cancer risk when compared to those never drinking whole milk. For many years we have been watching the lung cancer rates for Japanese men who smoke far more than American or European men but who develop fewer lung cancers. Workers in this research area feel that the total fat intake is the difference. There are not many reports studying an association between milk ingestion and prostate cancer. One such report though was of great interest. This is from the Roswell Park Memorial Institute and is found in Cancer 64 (3): 605-12, 1989. They analyzed the diets of 371 prostate cancer patients and comparable control subjects: Men who reported drinking three or more glasses of whole milk daily had a relative risk of 2.49 compared with men who reported never drinking whole milk the weight of the evidence appears to favour the hypothesis that animal fat is related to increased risk of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is now the most common cancer diagnosed in US men and is the second leading cause of cancer mortality. WELL, WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS? Is there any health reason at all for an adult human to drink cows' milk? It's hard for me to come up with even one good reason other than simple preference. But if you try hard, in my opinion, these would be the best two: milk is a source of calcium and it's a source of amino acids (proteins). Let's look at the calcium first. Why are we concerned at all about calcium? Obviously, we intend it to build strong bones and protect us against osteoporosis. And no doubt about it, milk is loaded with calcium. But is it a good calcium source for humans? I think not. These are the reasons. Excessive amounts of dairy products actually interfere with calcium absorption. Secondly, the excess of protein that the milk provides is a major cause of the osteoporosis problem. Dr. H egsted in England has been writing for years about the geographical distribution of osteoporosis. It seems that the countries with the highest intake of dairy products are invariably the countries with the most osteoporosis. He feels that milk is a cause of osteoporosis. Reasons to be given below. Numerous studies have shown that the level of calcium ingestion and especially calcium supplementation has no effect whatever on the development of osteoporosis. The most important such article appeared recently in the British Journal of Medicine where the long arm of our dairy industry can't reach. Another study in the United States actually showed a worsening in calcium balance in post-menopausal women given three 8-ounce glasses of cows' milk per day. (Am. Journal of Clin. Nutrition, 1985). The effects of hormone, gender, weight bearing on the axial bones, and in particular protein intake, are critically important. Another observation that may be helpful to our analysis is to note the absence of any recorded dietary deficiencies of calcium among people living on a natural diet without milk. For the key to the osteoporosis riddle, don’t look at calcium, look at protein. Consider these two contrasting groups. Eskimos have an exceptionally high protein intake estimated at 25 percent of total calories. They also have a high calcium intake at 2,500 mg/day. Their osteoporosis is among the worst in the world. The other instructive group are the Bantus of South Africa. They have a 12 percent protein diet, mostly p lant protein, and only 200 to 350 mg/day of calcium, about half our women's intake. The women have virtually no osteoporosis despite bearing six or more children and nursing them for prolonged periods! When African women immigrate to the United States, do they develop osteoporosis? The answer is yes, but not quite are much as Caucasian or Asian women. Thus, there is a genetic difference that is modified by diet. To answer the obvious question, "Well, where do you get your calcium?" The answer is: "From exactly the same place the cow gets the calcium, from green things that grow in the ground," mainly from leafy vegetables. After all, elephants and rhinos develop their huge bones (after being weaned) by eating green leafy plants, so do horses. Carnivorous animals also do quite nicely without leafy plants. It seems that all of earth's mammals do well if they live in harmony with their genetic programming and natural food. Only humans living an affluent life style have rampant osteoporosis. If animal references do not convince you, think of the several billion humans on this earth who have never seen cows' milk. Wouldn't you think osteoporosis would be prevalent in this huge group? The dairy people would suggest this but the truth is exactly the opposite. They have far less than that seen in the countries where dairy products are commonly consumed. It is the subject of another paper, but the truly significant determinants of osteoporosis are grossly excessive protein intakes and lack of weight bearing on long bones, both taking place over decades. Hormones play a secondary, but not trivial role in women. Milk is a deterrent to good bone health. THE PROTEIN MYTH Remember when you were a kid and the adults all told you to "make sure you get plenty of good protein". Protein was the nutritional "good guy”" when I was young. And of course milk is fitted right in. As regards protein, milk is indeed a rich source of protein- -"liquid meat," remember? However that isn't necessarily what we need. In actual fact it is a source of difficulty. Nearly all Americans eat too much protein. For this information we rely on the most authoritative source that I am aware of. This is the latest edition (1oth, 1989: 4th printing, Jan. 1992) of the Recommended Dietary Allowances produced by the National Research Council. Of interest, the current editor of this important work is Dr. Richard Havel of the University of California in San Francisco. First to be noted is that the recommended protein has been steadily revised downward in successive editions. The current recommendation is 0.75 g/kilo/day for adults 19 through 51 years. This, of course, is only 45 grams per day for the mythical 60 kilogram adult. You should also know that the WHO estimated the need for protein in adults to by .6g/kilo per day. (All RDA's are calculated with large safety allowances in case you're the type that wants to add some more to "be sure.") You can "get by" on 28 to 30 grams a day if necessary! Now 45 grams a day is a tiny amount of protein. That's an ounce and a half! Consider too, that the protein does not have to be animal protein. Vegetable protein is identical for all practical purposes and has no cholesterol and vastly less saturated fat. (Do not be misled by the antiquated belief that plant proteins must be carefully balanced to avoid deficiencies. This is not a realistic concern.) Therefore virtually all Americans, Canadians, British and European people are in a protein overloaded state. This has serious consequences when maintained over decades. The problems are the already mentioned osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and kidney damage. There is good evidence that certain malignancies, chiefly colon and rectal, are related to excessive meat intake. Barry Brenner, an eminent renal physiologist was the first to fully point out the dangers of excess protein for the kidney tubule. The dangers of the fat and cholesterol are known to all. Finally, you should know that the protein content of human milk is amount the lowest (0.9%) in mammals. IS THAT ALL OF THE TROUBLE? Sorry, there's more. Remember lactose? This is the principal carbohydrate of milk. It seems that nature provides new- borns with the enzymatic equipment to metabolize lactose, but this ability often extinguishes by age 4 or 5 years. What is the problem with lactose or milk sugar? It seems that it is a disaccharide which is too large to be absorbed into the blood stream without first being broken down into monosaccharides, namely galactose and glucose. This requires the presence of an enzyme, lactase plus additional enzymes to break down the galactose into glucose. Let's think about his for a moment. Nature gives us the ability to metabolize lactose for a few years and then shuts off the mechanism. Is Mother Nature trying to tell us something? Clearly all infants must drink milk. The fact that so many adults cannot seems to be related to the tendency for nature to abandon mechanisms that are not needed. At least half of the adult humans on this earth are lactose intolerant. It was not until the relatively recent introduction of dairy herding and the ability to "borrow" milk from another group of mammals that the survival advantage of preserving lactase (the enzyme that allows us to digest lactose) became evident. But why would it be advantageous to drink cows' milk? After all, most of the human beings in the history of the world did. And further, why was it just the white or light skinned humans who retained this knack while the pigmented people tended to lose it? Some students of evolution feel that white skin is a fairly recent innovation, perhaps not more than 20,000 or 30,000 years old. It clearly has to do with the Northward migration of early man to cold and relatively sunless areas when skins and clothing became available. Fair skin allows the production of Vitamin D from sunlight more readily than does dark skin. However, when only the face was exposed to sunlight that area of fair skin was insufficient to provide the vitamin D from sunlight. If dietary and sunlight sources were poorly available, the ability to use the abundant calcium in cows' milk would give a survival advantage to humans who could digest that milk. This seems to be the only logical explanation for fair skinned humans having a high degree of lactose tolerance when compared to dark skinned people. How does this break down? Certain racial groups, namely blacks are up to 90% lactose intolerant as adults. Caucasians are 20 to 40% lactose intolerant. Orientals are midway between the above two groups. Diarrhea, gas and abdominal cramps are the results of substantial milk intake in such persons. Most American Indians cannot tolerate milk. The milk industry admits that lactose intolerance plays intestinal havoc with as many as 50 million Americans. A lactose-intolerance industry has sprung up and had sales of $117 million in 1992 (Time May 17, 1993.) What if you are lactose-intolerant and lust after dairy products? Is all lost? Not at all. It seems that lactose is largely digested by bacteria and you will be able to enjoy your cheese despite lactose intolerance. Yogurt is similar in this respect. Finally, and I could never have dreamed this up, geneticists want to splice genes to alter the composition of milk (Am J Clin Nutr 1993 Suppl 302s). One could quibble and say that milk is totally devoid of fiber content and that its habitual use will predispose to constipation and bowel disorders. The association with anemia and occult intestinal bleeding in infants is known to all physicians. This is chiefly from its lack of iron and its irritating qualities for the intestinal mucosa. The pediatric literature abounds with articles describing irritated intestinal lining, bleeding, increased permeability as well as colic, diarrhea and vomiting in cows'milk-sensitive babies. The anemia gets a double push by loss of blood and iron as well as deficiency of iron in the cows' milk. Milk is also the leading cause of childhood allergy. LOW FAT One additional topic: the matter of "low fat" milk. A common and sincere question is: "Well, low fat milk is OK, isn't it?" The answer to this question is that low fat milk isn't low fat. The term "low fat" is a marketing term used to gull the public. Low fat milk contains from 24 to 33% fat as calories! The 2% figure is also misleading. This refers to weight. They don't tell you that, by weight, the milk is 87% water! "Well, then, kill-joy surely you must approve of non-fat milk!" I hear this quite a bit. (Another constant concern is: "What do you put on your cereal?") True, there is little or no fat, but now you have a relative overburden of protein and lactose. It there is something that we do not need more of it is another simple sugar-lactose, composed of galactose and glucose. Millions of Americans are lactose intolerant to boot, as noted. As for protein, as stated earlier, we live in a society that routinely ingests far more protein than we need. It is a burden for our bodies, especially the kidneys, and a prominent cause of osteoporosis. Concerning the dry cereal issue, I would suggest soy milk, rice milk or almond milk as a healthy substitute. If you're still concerned about calcium, "Westsoy" is formulated to have the same calcium concentration as milk. SUMMARY To my thinking, there is only one valid reason to drink milk or use milk products. That is just because we simply want to. Because we like it and because it has become a part of our culture. Because we have become accustomed to its taste and texture. Because we like the way it slides down our throat. Because our parents did the very best they could for us and provided milk in our earliest training and conditioning. They taught us to like it. And then probably the very best reason is ice cream! I've heard it described "to die for". I had one patient who did exactly that. He had no obvious vices. He didn't smoke or drink, he didn’t eat meat, his diet and lifestyle was nearly a perfectly health promoting one; but he had a passion. You guessed it, he loved rich ice cream. A pint of the richest would be a lean day's ration for him. On many occasions he would eat an entire quart - and yes there were some cookies and other pastries. Good ice cream deserves this after all. He seemed to be in good health despite some expected "middle age spread" when he had a devastating stroke which left him paralyzed, miserable and helpless, and he had additional strokes and d ied several years later never having left a hospital or rehabilitation unit. Was he old? I don't think so. He was in his 50s. So don't drink milk for health. I am convinced on the weight of the scientific evidence that it does not "do a body good." Inclusion of milk will only reduce your diet's nutritional value and safety. Most of the people on this planet live very healthfully without cows' milk. You can too. It will be difficult to change; we've been conditioned since childhood to think of milk as "nature's most perfect food." I'll guarantee you that it will be safe, improve your health and it won't cost anything. What can you lose? es esta pagina link http://notmilk.com/kradjian.html The most important information dissemination my. Not that, but I can make your text too long jajaja. If I write bad is that I am leading a translator jaja

hey i need help my business plan :: give your opinion or try to help me? Executive Summary: 1. Applicant/Company Information -Name: Design coffer shop -Address:132 Cedar Grove Rd, Ruckersville, CA 90324 -Phone: (909) 834-3434 Fax: 904.326.1039 -Contact Person: Evelyn Reyes -Business Structure: Sole Proprietorship - Banking Information: Bank: Wells Fargo Bank Address: 3035 Van Buren Blvd Riverside, CA 92503 Phone: (951) 351-3402 Contact: Erica Smith, Financial Services Manager -Anticipated Start Date: Design coffee shop it well began operations in November 2009, and we going to prepare the plans to undertake a small expansion. As soon as possible after the scoping plan approval. Brief outline of your business concept: Design coffee shop is company involved more greatest the originally coffee shop. It providing graphic design and marketing communication services. it not provide big business . It just likes a small business Every day, millions of Americans wanted to sit down and enjoy the smell cup of coffee and lay back & see the background artwork from graphic design artist. "A person had dreamed to spend more than 50 cents for a cup of coffee. A few years, now they glad to pay $1 to $4 for their cappuccino, mocha latte or vanilla ice blended drink." The specialty-coffee business is growing at a healthy pace. The completive the Starbucks, The Coffee Bean, Pet’s, Dietrich’s and other major chains serve average quality drinks in establishments that have the same generic design appearance. Indeed, Starbucks and The Coffee Bean are often referred to as "fast food" coffeehouses due to their "cookie cutter" design. Now that Americans' coffee preferences have broadened and matured, many are asking for more from their design coffee shop. We offer high-quality products in an upscale environment. Furthermore, our high-profile location in San Bernardino provides a mixed customer base that will maintain high levels of business in every season, at all times of the day, every day of the week. Vision and Mission Statement The design coffee shop will become the more like small museum. We will serve a perfect product at a very reasonable price. We will also be a meeting place for graphic design artists and a place for them to show off their work. We will create an atmosphere conducive to creative expression and promote the creative process. Our primary goals over the next year are: 1. Secure financing for start-up of at least $10,000 for space and equipment. 2. Renovate our space in Old Town. 3. Acquire equipment necessary for business, i.e. coffee pot, cappuccino machines, blenders, etc. 4. Make agreement with coffee distributors, and bakery vendors. 5. Create a cozy, artist friendly environment (i.e. choice of colors, choice of music, decor) 6. Open for business and become the foremost coffeehouse in the area. MARKET OPPORTUNITY Marketing will play a vital role in the success of small company is java net because they will put some our advertising, I not want exert gate too much our company. it something sample for customer to understand. It only one or two location be. The design coffee shop is our target market is mostly student. Because it when come student they wanted to sit back and relax. Design coffee shop going to be locate one of San Bernardino. Ownership The Design coffee shop is a general partnership between Lisa and Sandy Mason. Each partner is equally involved in operation and management of the shop, each to her own abilities. Location and Facilities The Design coffee shop is located in the Old Town section of San Bernardino, California. We currently own the building we will occupy, though painting and renovation are sorely needed. Products and Services Description of Products and Services The Design coffee shop will offer high quality coffee, tea, hot coca, and cappuccino, at a very reasonable price. We will also sell homemade cookies, brownies, and doughnuts, also reasonably priced. Key Features of the Products and Services All drinks will be made with filtered water and the highest quality ingredients we can get. Frozen drinks will have caramel or chocolate syrup drizzled in the glass and over the drink. Cappuccino and hot coca will have whipped cream toppings as well as the option for candy sprinkles. Cookies will have the option of a chocolate or caramel dip and sprinkles. We will offer designer flavored cream and five kinds of sweetener, i.e. sugar, honey, Equal, Splenda, and Sweet-n-Low. Cream and sweetener is at no extra charge. Production of Products and Services We will use only filtered water and will brew our coffee in commercial coffeepots that will be thoroughly cleaned between uses. We will bake cookies and brownies in our own on-site oven from proven recipes, daily. Future Products and Services Within the next three to five years we expect to branch out into catering and offer homemade pies, whole or by the slice. Comparative Advantages in Production Our low overhead and cheaper pricing will be the key to our success. Industry Overview Market Research There are other businesses that serve only coffee in our Old Town. Size of the Industry Nationally, the coffee shop industry is quite large, but in somewhere, there are more. Key Industry Trends This industry is booming at the present time, there is a trend toward small cozy places and away from the large generic chain. Industry Outlook The coffee business does not show signs of slowing down. With new innovations such as flavorings and additives, it should continue for some time. Marketing Strategy Target Markets Our target market is a artist and writers who need a nice quite cozy place to think and do their work. Description of Key Competitors Of the three coffee shops in the area, one is a large chain with a very expensive product, one is really a home-style restaurant, the last one, and our biggest competitor is an antique store with a "tea room". Analysis of Competitive Position Our pricing strategy and comfortable atmosphere will be the key to our success. None of the other shops in the area can offer this. Pricing Strategy We will offer three sizes of drinks, small $1.00, medium $1.50 and large $2.00. Our cookies and brownies will sell for $1.00 each. Promotion Strategy We intend to advertise in the local newspapers and offer a "frequent drinkers club" discount to our best customers. We will also send out ads via direct mail, which will include cents off coupons. Management and Staffing Organizational Structure Our organizational structure will be a simple pyramid style with the owners putting in as much work as the employees. Management Team April and Arlene will share management and supervisory responsibilities equally. Arlene for the morning shift. April for the afternoon shift. Staffing We will hire two busboys and two waitresses; these will be recruited from the local high school. Labor Market Issues In this area there are many high school students looking for work, part time or full time, we want to fill that need. Market Risks The main risk is monetary. The area may not be ready for a place like ours and we may not do a great business. Implementation Plan Implementation Activities and Dates 1. Begin building renovation 12/08 2. Complete renovation 2/15/09 3. Begin preliminary advertising 2/15/09 4. Purchase and setup equipment 2/15/09 5. Open for business 5/1/09 Financial Plan Balance Sheet Current Assets: Building $150,000 9 computer $10,800 Furnishings $5,000 Equipment $5,000 Cash Arlene $5,000 April $4,500 Accounts Receivable None Inventory Coffee $1,000 Tea $500 Other Assets Cups $3,000 Total Current Assets $182,800 Liabilities: Accounts Payable (monthly) Water $200 Phone $150 Electric $500 Donut Vendor $1,000 Warehouse Club $1,000 Coffee Distributor $1,000 Wages $5,000 Advertising $1,000 Taxes Payable Property Taxes $500 Employee Taxes $2,000 Operating Loans Payable Startup Loan $500 HP Design jet Z2100 Photo Printer series- models $ 97 Total Liabilities $12,947 on going per month Projected Income March 05 Coffee $6,000 Tea $2,000 Cookies $1,500 Donuts $2,500 Misc. $4,000 Total Income for March $16,000 Total Projected Net Profit (Cost/Benefit) $3,150 for March This would assume 20 pots of coffee sold a day, plus an assortment of other items. This also assumes the market will not increase or decrease due to weather or economics. This would be an average month. my major is graphic design i don't know how making business plan] i have the layout just email me evelynreyes12@yahoo.com you want see it this for my class project

Do you belong to the "new Church of Global Warming"? "Aliens Cause Global Warming" A lecture by Michael Crichton California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA January 17, 2003 My topic today sounds humorous but unfortunately I am serious. I am going to argue that extraterrestrials lie behind global warming. Or to speak more precisely, I will argue that a belief in extraterrestrials has paved the way, in a progression of steps, to a belief in global warming. Charting this progression of belief will be my task today. Let me say at once that I have no desire to discourage anyone from believing in either extraterrestrials or global warming. That would be quite impossible to do. Rather, I want to discuss the history of several widely-publicized beliefs and to point to what I consider an emerging crisis in the whole enterprise of science-namely the increasingly uneasy relationship between hard science and public policy. I have a special interest in this because of my own upbringing. I was born in the midst of World War II, and passed my formative years at the height of the Cold War. In school drills, I dutifully crawled under my desk in preparation for a nuclear attack. It was a time of widespread fear and uncertainty, but even as a child I believed that science represented the best and greatest hope for mankind. Even to a child, the contrast was clear between the world of politics-a world of hate and danger, of irrational beliefs and fears, of mass manipulation and disgraceful blots on human history. In contrast, science held different values-international in scope, forging friendships and working relationships across national boundaries and political systems, encouraging a dispassionate habit of thought, and ultimately leading to fresh knowledge and technology that would benefit all mankind. The world might not be avery good place, but science would make it better. And it did. In my lifetime, science has largely fulfilled its promise. Science has been the great intellectual adventure of our age, and a great hope for our troubled and restless world. But I did not expect science merely to extend lifespan, feed the hungry, cure disease, and shrink the world with jets and cell phones. I also expected science to banish the evils of human thought---prejudice and superstition, irrational beliefs and false fears. I expected science to be, in Carl Sagan's memorable phrase, "a candle in a demon haunted world." And here, I am not so pleased with the impact of science. Rather than serving as a cleansing force, science has in some instances been seduced by the more ancient lures of politics and publicity. Some of the demons that haunt our world in recent years are invented by scientists. The world has not benefited from permitting these demons to escape free. But let's look at how it came to pass. Cast your minds back to 1960. John F. Kennedy is president, commercial jet airplanes are just appearing, the biggest university mainframes have 12K of memory. And in Green Bank, West Virginia at the new National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a young astrophysicist named Frank Drake runs a two week project called Ozma, to search for extraterrestrial signals. A signal is received, to great excitement. It turns out to be false, but the excitement remains. In 1960, Drake organizes the first SETI conference, and came up with the now-famous Drake equation: N=N*fp ne fl fi fc fL Where N is the number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy; fp is the fraction with planets; ne is the number of planets per star capable of supporting life; fl is the fraction of planets where life evolves; fi is the fraction where intelligent life evolves; and fc is the fraction that communicates; and fL is the fraction of the planet's life during which the communicating civilizations live. This serious-looking equation gave SETI an serious footing as a legitimate intellectual inquiry. The problem, of course, is that none of the terms can be known, and most cannot even be estimated. The only way to work the equation is to fill in with guesses. And guesses-just so we're clear-are merely expressions of prejudice. Nor can there be "informed guesses." If you need to state how many planets with life choose to communicate, there is simply no way to make an informed guess. It's simply prejudice. As a result, the Drake equation can have any value from "billions and billions" to zero. An expression that can mean anything means nothing. Speaking precisely, the Drake equation is literally meaningless, and has nothing to do with science. I take the hard view that science involves the creation of testable hypotheses. The Drake equation cannot be tested and therefore SETI is not science. SETI is unquestionably a religion. Faith is defined as the firm belief in something for which there is no proof. The belief that the Koran is the word of God is a matter of faith. The belief that God created the universe in seven days is a matter of faith. The belief that there are other life forms in the universe is a matter of faith. There is not a single shred of evidence for any other life forms, and in forty years of searching, none has been discovered. There is absolutely no evidentiary reason to maintain this belief. SETI is a religion. One way to chart the cooling of enthusiasm is to review popular works on the subject. In 1964, at the height of SETI enthusiasm, Walter Sullivan of the NY Times wrote an exciting book about life in the universe entitled WE ARE NOT ALONE. By 1995, when Paul Davis wrote a book on the same subject, he titled it ARE WE ALONE? ( Since 1981, there have in fact been four books titled ARE WE ALONE.) More recently we have seen the rise of the so-called "Rare Earth" theory which suggests that we may, in fact, be all alone. Again, there is no evidence either way. Back in the sixties, SETI had its critics, although not among astrophysicists and astronomers. The biologists and paleontologists were harshest. George Gaylord Simpson of Harvard sneered that SETI was a "study without a subject," and it remains so to the present day. But scientists in general have been indulgent toward SETI, viewing it either with bemused tolerance, or with indifference. After all, what's the big deal? It's kind of fun. If people want to look, let them. Only a curmudgeon would speak harshly of SETI. It wasn't worth the bother. And of course it is true that untestable theories may have heuristic value. Of course extraterrestrials are a good way to teach science to kids. But that does not relieve us of the obligation to see the Drake equation clearly for what it is-pure speculation in quasi-scientific trappings. The fact that the Drake equation was not greeted with screams of outrage-similar to the screams of outrage that greet each Creationist new claim, for example-meant that now there was a crack in the door, a loosening of the definition of what constituted legitimate scientific procedure. And soon enough, pernicious garbage began to squeeze through the cracks. Now let's jump ahead a decade to the 1970s, and Nuclear Winter. In 1975, the National Academy of Sciences reported on "Long-Term Worldwide Effects of Multiple Nuclear Weapons Detonations" but the report estimated the effect of dust from nuclear blasts to be relatively minor. In 1979, the Office of Technology Assessment issued a report on "The Effects of Nuclear War" and stated that nuclear war could perhaps produce irreversible adverse consequences on the environment. However, because the scientific processes involved were poorly understood, the report stated it was not possible to estimate the probable magnitude of such damage. Three years later, in 1982, the Swedish Academy of Sciences commissioned a report entitled "The Atmosphere after a Nuclear War: Twilight at Noon," which attempted to quantify the effect of smoke from burning forests and cities. The authors speculated that there would be so much smoke that a large cloud over the northern hemisphere would reduce incoming sunlight below the level required for photosynthesis, and that this would last for weeks or even longer. The following year, five scientists including Richard Turco and Carl Sagan published a paper in Science called "Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions." This was the so-called TTAPS report, which attempted to quantify more rigorously the atmospheric effects, with the added credibility to be gained from an actual computer model of climate. At the heart of the TTAPS undertaking was another equation, never specifically expressed, but one that could be paraphrased as follows: Ds = Wn Ws Wh Tf Tb Pt Pr Pe… etc (The amount of tropospheric dust=# warheads x size warheads x warhead detonation height x flammability of targets x Target burn duration x Particles entering the Troposphere x Particle reflectivity x Particle endurance…and so on.) The similarity to the Drake equation is striking. As with the Drake equation, none of the variables can be determined. None at all. The TTAPS study addressed this problem in part by mapping out different wartime scenarios and assigning numbers to some of the variables, but even so, the remaining variables were-and are-simply unknowable. Nobody knows how much smoke will be generated when cities burn, creating particles of what kind, and for how long. No one knows the effect of local weather conditions on the amount of particles that will be injected into the troposphere. No one knows how long the particles will remain in the troposphere. And so on. And remember, this is only four years after the OTA study concluded that the underlying scientific processes were so poorly known that no estimates could be reliably made. Nevertheless, the TTAPS study not only made those estimates, but concluded they were catastrophic. According to Sagan and his coworkers, even a limited 5,000 megaton nuclear exchange would cause a global temperature drop of more than 35 degrees Centigrade, and this change would last for three months. The greatest volcanic eruptions that we know of changed world temperatures somewhere between .5 and 2 degrees Centigrade. Ice ages changed global temperatures by 10 degrees. Here we have an estimated change three times greater than any ice age. One might expect it to be the subject of some dispute. But Sagan and his coworkers were prepared, for nuclear winter was from the outset the subject of a well-orchestrated media campaign. The first announcement of nuclear winter appeared in an article by Sagan in the Sunday supplement, Parade. The very next day, a highly-publicized, high-profile conference on the long-term consequences of nuclear war was held in Washington, chaired by Carl Sagan and Paul Ehrlich, the most famous and media-savvy scientists of their generation. Sagan appeared on the Johnny Carson show 40 times. Ehrlich was on 25 times. Following the conference, there were press conferences, meetings with congressmen, and so on. The formal papers in Science came months later. This is not the way science is done, it is the way products are sold. The real nature of the conference is indicated by these artists' renderings of the the effect of nuclear winter. I cannot help but quote the caption for figure 5: "Shown here is a tranquil scene in the north woods. A beaver has just completed its dam, two black bears forage for food, a swallow-tailed butterfly flutters in the foreground, a loon swims quietly by, and a kingfisher searches for a tasty fish." Hard science if ever there was. At the conference in Washington, during the question period, Ehrlich was reminded that after Hiroshima and Nagasaki, scientists were quoted as saying nothing would grow there for 75 years, but in fact melons were growing the next year. So, he was asked, how accurate were these findings now? Ehrlich answered by saying "I think they are extremely robust. Scientists may have made statements like that, although I cannot imagine what their basis would have been, even with the state of science at that time, but scientists are always making absurd statements, individually, in various places. What we are doing here, however, is presenting a consensus of a very large group of scientists…" I want to pause here and talk about this notion of consensus, and the rise of what has been called consensus science. I regard consensus science as an extremely pernicious development that ought to be stopped cold in its tracks. Historically, the claim of consensus has been the first refuge of scoundrels; it is a way to avoid debate by claiming that the matter is already settled. Whenever you hear the consensus of scientists agrees on something or other, reach for your wallet, because you're being had. Let's be clear: the work of science has nothing whatever to do with consensus. Consensus is the business of politics. Science, on the contrary, requires only one investigator who happens to be right, which means that he or she has results that are verifiable by reference to the real world. In science consensus is irrelevant. What is relevant is reproducible results. The greatest scientists in history are great precisely because they broke with the consensus. There is no such thing as consensus science. If it's consensus, it isn't science. If it's science, it isn't consensus. Period. In addition, let me remind you that the track record of the consensus is nothing to be proud of. Let's review a few cases. In past centuries, the greatest killer of women was fever following childbirth . One woman in six died of this fever. In 1795, Alexander Gordon of Aberdeen suggested that the fevers were infectious processes, and he was able to cure them. The consensus said no. In 1843, Oliver Wendell Holmes claimed puerperal fever was contagious, and presented compellng evidence. The consensus said no. In 1849, Semmelweiss demonstrated that sanitary techniques virtually eliminated puerperal fever in hospitals under his management. The consensus said he was a Jew, ignored him, and dismissed him from his post. There was in fact no agreement on puerperal fever until the start of the twentieth century. Thus the consensus took one hundred and twenty five years to arrive at the right conclusion despite the efforts of the prominent "skeptics" around the world, skeptics who were demeaned and ignored. And despite the constant ongoing deaths of women. There is no shortage of other examples. In the 1920s in America, tens of thousands of people, mostly poor, were dying of a disease called pellagra. The consensus of scientists said it was infectious, and what was necessary was to find the "pellagra germ." The US government asked a brilliant young investigator, Dr. Joseph Goldberger, to find the cause. Goldberger concluded that diet was the crucial factor. The consensus remained wedded to the germ theory. Goldberger demonstrated that he could induce the disease through diet. He demonstrated that the disease was not infectious by injecting the blood of a pellagra patient into himself, and his assistant. They and other volunteers swabbed their noses with swabs from pellagra patients, and swallowed capsules containing scabs from pellagra rashes in what were called "Goldberger's filth parties." Nobody contracted pellagra. The consensus continued to disagree with him. There was, in addition, a social factor-southern States disliked the idea of poor diet as the cause, because it meant that social reform was required. They continued to deny it until the 1920s. Result-despite a twentieth century epidemic, the consensus took years to see the light. Probably every schoolchild notices that South America and Africa seem to fit together rather snugly, and Alfred Wegener proposed, in 1912, that the continents had in fact drifted apart. The consensus sneered at continental drift for fifty years. The theory was most vigorously denied by the great names of geology-until 1961, when it began to seem as if the sea floors were spreading. The result: it took the consensus fifty years to acknowledge what any schoolchild sees. And shall we go on? The examples can be multiplied endlessly. Jenner and smallpox, Pasteur and germ theory. Saccharine, margarine, repressed memory, fiber and colon cancer, hormone replacement therap6y…the list of consensus errors goes on and on. Finally, I would remind you to notice where the claim of consensus is invoked. Consensus is invoked only in situations where the science is not solid enough. Nobody says the consensus of scientists agrees that E=mc2. Nobody says the consensus is that the sun is 93 million miles away. It would never occur to anyone to speak that way. But back to our main subject. What I have been suggesting to you is that nuclear winter was a meaningless formula, tricked out with bad science, for policy ends. It was political from the beginning, promoted in a well-orchestrated media campaign that had to be planned weeks or months in advance. Further evidence of the political nature of the whole project can be found in the response to criticism. Although Richard Feynman was characteristically blunt, saying, "I really don't think these guys know what they're talking about," other prominent scientists were noticeably reticent. Freeman Dyson was quoted as saying "It's an absolutely atrocious piece of science but…who wants to be accused of being in favor of nuclear war?" And Victor Weisskopf said, "The science is terrible but---perhaps the psychology is good." The nuclear winter team followed up the publication of such comments with letters to the editors denying that these statements were ever made, though the scientists since then have subsequently confirmed their views. At the time, there was a concerted desire on the part of lots of people to avoid nuclear war. If nuclear winter looked awful, why investigate too closely? Who wanted to disagree? Only people like Edward Teller, the "father of the H bomb." Teller said, "While it is generally recognized that details are still uncertain and deserve much more study, Dr. Sagan nevertheless has taken the position that the whole scenario is so robust that there can be little doubt about its main conclusions." Yet for most people, the fact that nuclear winter was a scenario riddled with uncertainties did not seem to be relevant. I say it is hugely relevant. Once you abandon strict adherence to what science tells us, once you start arranging the truth in a press conference, then anything is possible. In one context, maybe you will get some mobilization against nuclear war. But in another context, you get Lysenkoism. In another, you get Nazi euthanasia. The danger is always there, if you subvert science to political ends. That is why it is so important for the future of science that the line between what science can say with certainty, and what it cannot, be drawn clearly-and defended. What happened to Nuclear Winter? As the media glare faded, its robust scenario appeared less persuasive; John Maddox, editor of Nature, repeatedly criticized its claims; within a year, Stephen Schneider, one of the leading figures in the climate model, began to speak of "nuclear autumn." It just didn't have the same ring. A final media embarrassment came in 1991, when Carl Sagan predicted on Nightline that Kuwaiti oil fires would produce a nuclear winter effect, causing a "year without a summer," and endangering crops around the world. Sagan stressed this outcome was so likely that "it should affect the war plans." None of it happened. What, then, can we say were the lessons of Nuclear Winter? I believe the lesson was that with a catchy name, a strong policy position and an aggressive media campaign, nobody will dare to criticize the science, and in short order, a terminally weak thesis will be established as fact. After that, any criticism becomes beside the point. The war is already over without a shot being fired. That was the lesson, and we had a textbook application soon afterward, with second hand smoke. In 1993, the EPA announced that second-hand smoke was "responsible for approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths each year in nonsmoking adults," and that it " impairs the respiratory health of hundreds of thousands of people." In a 1994 pamphlet the EPA said that the eleven studies it based its decision on were not by themselves conclusive, and that they collectively assigned second-hand smoke a risk factor of 1.19. (For reference, a risk factor below 3.0 is too small for action by the EPA. or for publication in the New England Journal of Medicine, for example.) Furthermore, since there was no statistical association at the 95% confidence limits, the EPA lowered the limit to 90%. They then classified second hand smoke as a Group A Carcinogen. This was openly fraudulent science, but it formed the basis for bans on smoking in restaurants, offices, and airports. California banned public smoking in 1995. Soon, no claim was too extreme. By 1998, the Christian Science Monitor was saying that "Second-hand smoke is the nation's third-leading preventable cause of death." The American Cancer Society announced that 53,000 people died each year of second-hand smoke. The evidence for this claim is nonexistent. In 1998, a Federal judge held that the EPA had acted improperly, had "committed to a conclusion before research had begun", and had "disregarded information and made findings on selective information." The reaction of Carol Browner, head of the EPA was: "We stand by our science….there's wide agreement. The American people certainly recognize that exposure to second hand smoke brings…a whole host of health problems." Again, note how the claim of consensus trumps science. In this case, it isn't even a consensus of scientists that Browner evokes! It's the consensus of the American people. Meanwhile, ever-larger studies failed to confirm any association. A large, seven-country WHO study in 1998 found no association. Nor have well-controlled subsequent studies, to my knowledge. Yet we now read, for example, that second hand smoke is a cause of breast cancer. At this point you can say pretty much anything you want about second-hand smoke. As with nuclear winter, bad science is used to promote what most people would consider good policy. I certainly think it is. I don't want people smoking around me. So who will speak out against banning second-hand smoke? Nobody, and if you do, you'll be branded a shill of RJ Reynolds. A big tobacco flunky. But the truth is that we now have a social policy supported by the grossest of superstitions. And we've given the EPA a bad lesson in how to behave in the future. We've told them that cheating is the way to succeed. As the twentieth century drew to a close, the connection between hard scientific fact and public policy became increasingly elastic. In part this was possible because of the complacency of the scientific profession; in part because of the lack of good science education among the public; in part, because of the rise of specialized advocacy groups which have been enormously effective in getting publicity and shaping policy; and in great part because of the decline of the media as an independent assessor of fact. The deterioration of the American media is dire loss for our country. When distinguished institutions like the New York Times can no longer differentiate between factual content and editorial opinion, but rather mix both freely on their front page, then who will hold anyone to a higher standard? And so, in this elastic anything-goes world where science-or non-science-is the hand maiden of questionable public policy, we arrive at last at global warming. It is not my purpose here to rehash the details of this most magnificent of the demons haunting the world. I would just remind you of the now-familiar pattern by which these things are established. Evidentiary uncertainties are glossed over in the unseemly rush for an overarching policy, and for grants to support the policy by delivering findings that are desired by the patron. Next, the isolation of those scientists who won't get with the program, and the characterization of those scientists as outsiders and "skeptics" in quotation marks-suspect individuals with suspect motives, industry flunkies, reactionaries, or simply anti-environmental nutcases. In short order, debate ends, even though prominent scientists are uncomfortable about how things are being done. When did "skeptic" become a dirty word in science? When did a skeptic require quotation marks around it? To an outsider, the most significant innovation in the global warming controversy is the overt reliance that is being placed on models. Back in the days of nuclear winter, computer models were invoked to add weight to a conclusion: "These results are derived with the help of a computer model." But now large-scale computer models are seen as generating data in themselves. No longer are models judged by how well they reproduce data from the real world-increasingly, models provide the data. As if they were themselves a reality. And indeed they are, when we are projecting forward. There can be no observational data about the year 2100. There are only model runs. This fascination with computer models is something I understand very well. Richard Feynmann called it a disease. I fear he is right. Because only if you spend a lot of time looking at a computer screen can you arrive at the complex point where the global warming debate now stands. Nobody believes a weather prediction twelve hours ahead. Now we're asked to believe a prediction that goes out 100 years into the future? And make financial investments based on that prediction? Has everybody lost their minds? Stepping back, I have to say the arrogance of the modelmakers is breathtaking. There have been, in every century, scientists who say they know it all. Since climate may be a chaotic system-no one is sure-these predictions are inherently doubtful, to be polite. But more to the point, even if the models get the science spot-on, they can never get the sociology. To predict anything about the world a hundred years from now is simply absurd. Look: If I was selling stock in a company that I told you would be profitable in 2100, would you buy it? Or would you think the idea was so crazy that it must be a scam? Let's think back to people in 1900 in, say, New York. If they worried about people in 2000, what would they worry about? Probably: Where would people get enough horses? And what would they do about all the horseshit? Horse pollution was bad in 1900, think how much worse it would be a century later, with so many more people riding horses? But of course, within a few years, nobody rode horses except for sport. And in 2000, France was getting 80% its power from an energy source that was unknown in 1900. Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and Japan were getting more than 30% from this source, unknown in 1900. Remember, people in 1900 didn't know what an atom was. They didn't know its structure. They also didn't know what a radio was, or an airport, or a movie, or a television, or a computer, or a cell phone, or a jet, an antibiotic, a rocket, a satellite, an MRI, ICU, IUD, IBM, IRA, ERA, EEG, EPA, IRS, DOD, PCP, HTML, internet. interferon, instant replay, remote sensing, remote control, speed dialing, gene therapy, gene splicing, genes, spot welding, heat-seeking, bipolar, prozac, leotards, lap dancing, email, tape recorder, CDs, airbags, plastic explosive, plastic, robots, cars, liposuction, transduction, superconduction, dish antennas, step aerobics, smoothies, twelve-step, ultrasound, nylon, rayon, teflon, fiber optics, carpal tunnel, laser surgery, laparoscopy, corneal transplant, kidney transplant, AIDS… None of this would have meant anything to a person in the year 1900. They wouldn't know what you are talking about. Now. You tell me you can predict the world of 2100. Tell me it's even worth thinking about. Our models just carry the present into the future. They're bound to be wrong. Everybody who gives a moment's thought knows it. I remind you that in the lifetime of most scientists now living, we have already had an example of dire predictions set aside by new technology. I refer to the green revolution. In 1960, Paul Ehrlich said, "The battle to feed humanity is over. In the 1970s the world will undergo famines-hundreds of millions of people are going to starve to death." Ten years later, he predicted four billion people would die during the 1980s, including 65 million Americans. The mass starvation that was predicted never occurred, and it now seems it isn't ever going to happen. Nor is the population explosion going to reach the numbers predicted even ten years ago. In 1990, climate modelers anticipated a world population of 11 billion by 2100. Today, some people think the correct number will be 7 billion and falling. But nobody knows for sure. But it is impossible to ignore how closely the history of global warming fits on the previous template for nuclear winter. Just as the earliest studies of nuclear winter stated that the uncertainties were so great that probabilites could never be known, so, too the first pronouncements on global warming argued strong limits on what could be determined with certainty about climate change. The 1995 IPCC draft report said, "Any claims of positive detection of significant climate change are likely to remain controversial until uncertainties in the total natural variability of the climate system are reduced." It also said, "No study to date has positively attributed all or part of observed climate changes to anthropogenic causes." Those statements were removed, and in their place appeared: "The balance of evidence suggests a discernable human influence on climate." What is clear, however, is that on this issue, science and policy have become inextricably mixed to the point where it will be difficult, if not impossible, to separate them out. It is possible for an outside observer to ask serious questions about the conduct of investigations into global warming, such as whether we are taking appropriate steps to improve the quality of our observational data records, whether we are systematically obtaining the information that will clarify existing uncertainties, whether we have any organized disinterested mechanism to direct research in this contentious area. The answer to all these questions is no. We don't. In trying to think about how these questions can be resolved, it occurs to me that in the progression from SETI to nuclear winter to second hand smoke to global warming, we have one clear message, and that is that we can expect more and more problems of public policy dealing with technical issues in the future-problems of ever greater seriousness, where people care passionately on all sides. And at the moment we have no mechanism to get good answers. So I will propose one. Just as we have established a tradition of double-blinded research to determine drug efficacy, we must institute double-blinded research in other policy areas as well. Certainly the increased use of computer models, such as GCMs, cries out for the separation of those who make the models from those who verify them. The fact is that the present structure of science is entrepeneurial, with individual investigative teams vying for funding from organizations which all too often have a clear stake in the outcome of the research-or appear to, which may be just as bad. This is not healthy for science. Sooner or later, we must form an independent research institute in this country. It must be funded by industry, by government, and by private philanthropy, both individuals and trusts. The money must be pooled, so that investigators do not know who is paying them. The institute must fund more than one team to do research in a particular area, and the verification of results will be a foregone requirement: teams will know their results will be checked by other groups. In many cases, those who decide how to gather the data will not gather it, and those who gather the data will not analyze it. If we were to address the land temperature records with such rigor, we would be well on our way to an understanding of exactly how much faith we can place in global warming, and therefore what seriousness we must address this. I believe that as we come to the end of this litany, some of you may be saying, well what is the big deal, really. So we made a few mistakes. So a few scientists have overstated their cases and have egg on their faces. So what. Well, I'll tell you. In recent years, much has been said about the post modernist claims about science to the effect that science is just another form of raw power, tricked out in special claims for truth-seeking and objectivity that really have no basis in fact. Science, we are told, is no better than any other undertaking. These ideas anger many scientists, and they anger me. But recent events have made me wonder if they are correct. We can take as an example the scientific reception accorded a Danish statistician, Bjorn Lomborg, who wrote a book called The Skeptical Environmentalist. The scientific community responded in a way that can only be described as disgraceful. In professional literature, it was complained he had no standing because he was not an earth scientist. His publisher, Cambridge University Press, was attacked with cries that the editor should be fired, and that all right-thinking scientists should shun the press. The past president of the AAAS wondered aloud how Cambridge could have ever "published a book that so clearly could never have passed peer review." )But of course the manuscript did pass peer review by three earth scientists on both sides of the Atlantic, and all recommended publication.) But what are scientists doing attacking a press? Is this the new McCarthyism-coming from scientists? Worst of all was the behavior of the Scientific American, which seemed intent on proving the post-modernist point that it was all about power, not facts. The Scientific American attacked Lomborg for eleven pages, yet only came up with nine factual errors despite their assertion that the book was "rife with careless mistakes." It was a poor display featuring vicious ad hominem attacks, including comparing him to a Holocust denier. The issue was captioned: "Science defends itself against the Skeptical Environmentalist." Really. Science has to defend itself? Is this what we have come to? When Lomborg asked for space to rebut his critics, he was given only a page and a half. When he said it wasn't enough, he put the critics' essays on his web page and answered them in detail. Scientific American threatened copyright infringement and made him take the pages down. Further attacks since have made it clear what is going on. Lomborg is charged with heresy. That's why none of his critics needs to substantiate their attacks in any detail. That's why the facts don't matter. That's why they can attack him in the most vicious personal terms. He's a heretic. Of course, any scientist can be charged as Galileo was charged. I just never thought I'd see the Scientific American in the role of mother church. Is this what science has become? I hope not. But it is what it will become, unless there is a concerted effort by leading scientists to aggressively separate science from policy. The late Philip Handler, former president of the National Academy of Sciences, said that "Scientists best serve public policy by living within the ethics of science, not those of politics. If the scientific community will not unfrock the charlatans, the public will not discern the difference-science and the nation will suffer." Personally, I don't worry about the nation. But I do worry about science. Thank you very much.

hey i need help my grammer? Design Coffee Shop will begin operations in July 2009. Plans also include undertaking a small expansion with 6-8 months of beginning operations." Brief outline of your business concept: Design coffee shop is company involved more greatest the originally coffee shop It providing graphic design and marketing communication services. it not provide big business . It just likes a small business Every day, millions of Americans wanted to sit down and enjoy the smell cup of coffee and lay back & see the background artwork from graphic design artist. "A person had dreamed to spend more than 50 cents for a cup of coffee. A few years, now they glad to pay $1 to $4 for their cappuccino, mocha latte or vanilla ice blended drink The specialty-coffee business is growing at a healthy pace. The completive the Starbucks, The Coffee Bean, Pet’s, Dietrich’s and other major chains serve average quality drinks in establishments that have the same generic design appearance. Indeed, Starbucks and The Coffee Bean are often referred to as "fast food" coffeehouses due to their "cookie cutter" design. Now that Americans' coffee preferences have broadened and matured, many are asking for more from their design coffee shop Vision and Mission Statement The design coffee shop will become the more like small museum. We will serve a perfect product at a very competitve price We will also be a meeting place for graphic design artists and a place for them to show off their work. We will create an atmosphere conducive to creative expression and promote the creative process. Our primary goals over the next year are: 1. Secure financing for start-up of at least $1,000 for space and equipment. 2. Renovate our space in San Berniorndio. 3. Acquire equipment necessary for business, i.e. coffee pot, cappuccino machines, blenders, etc. 4. Make agreement with coffee distributors, and bakery vendors. 5. Create a cozy, artist friendly environment (i.e. choice of colors, choice of music, decor) 6. Open for business and become the foremost coffeehouse in the area. MARKET OPPORTUNITY Ownership The Design coffee shop is a general partnership between Lisa and Sandy Mason. Each partner is equally financial involvement in operation and management of the shop, each to her own abilities. Location and Facilities The Design coffee shop is located in the Old Town section of San Bernardino, California. We currently own the building we will occupy, though painting and renovation are sorely needed. Products and Services Description of Products and Services The Design coffee shop will offer high quality coffee, tea, hot coca, and cappuccino, at a very reasonable price. we also buy cooking from other store. Key Features of the Products and Services All drinks will be made with filtered water and the highest quality ingredients we can get. Frozen drinks will have caramel or chocolate syrup drizzled in the glass and over the drink. Cappuccino and hot coca will have whipped cream toppings as well as the option for candy sprinkles. Cookies will have the option of a chocolate or caramel dip and sprinkles. We will offer designer flavored cream and five kinds of sweetener, i.e. sugar, honey, Equal, Splenda, and Sweet-n-Low. Cream and sweetener is at no extra charge. Production of Products and Services We will use only filtered water and will brew our coffee in commercial coffeepots that will be thoroughly cleaned between uses. Future Products and Services Within the next three to five years we expect to branch out into catering and offer homemade pies, whole or by the slice. Comparative Advantages in Production Our low overhead and cheaper pricing will be the key to our success. Industry Overview Market Research There are other businesses that serve only coffee in our Old Town. Size of the Industry Nationally, the coffee shop industry is quite large, but in somewhere, there are more. Key Industry Trends This industry is booming at the present time, there is a trend toward small cozy places and away from the large generic chain. Industry Outlook The coffee business does not show signs of slowing down. With new innovations such as flavorings and additives, it should continue for some time. Marketing Strategy Target Markets Our target market is a artist and writers who need a nice quite cozy place to think and do their work. Description of Key Competitors Of the three coffee shops in the area, one is a large chain with a very expensive product, one is really a home-style restaurant, the last one, and our biggest competitor is an antique store with a "tea room". Analysis of Competitive Position Our pricing strategy and comfortable atmosphere will be the key to our success. None of the other shops in the area can offer this. Pricing Strategy We will offer three sizes of drinks, small $1.00, medium $1.50 and large $2.00. Our cookies and brownies will sell for $1.00 each Promotion Strategy We intend to advertise in the local newspapers and offer a "frequent drinkers club" discount to our best customers. We will also send out ads via direct mail, which will include cents off coupons. Management and Staffing Organizational Structure Our organizational structure will be a simple pyramid style with the owners putting in as much work as the employees. Pyrimid a tall hierarchical structure, in other words, then I would be the boss, with a general manager working as your employee, who has a team, that on its turn supervises the employees. I think I mean a Flat structure (with the owners being “one of the guys”) Management Team April and Arlene will share management and supervisory responsibilities equally. Arlene for the morning shift. April for the afternoon shift. Staffing We will hire two busboys and two waitresses; these will be recruited from the local high school. Labor Market Issues In this area there are many high school students looking for work, part time or full time, we want to fill that need. Market Risks The main risk is monetary. The area may not be ready for a place like ours and we may not do a great business. Implementation Plan Implementation Activities and Dates . Complete renovation 2/15/09 Purchase and set up equipment Interview staff Hire staff 3. Begin preliminary advertising 2/15/09 (Not yet) Operate for 1 week unannounced (to get the kinks out, people notice "new" businesses, word of mouth will get out there, be ready) Notify local newspaper your grand opening will be (no advertising cost, you'll be swamped!) 4. Purchase and setup equipment 2/15/09 (This is mentioned above.) 5. Open for business 7/1/09 Financial Plan Balance Sheet Current Assets: Building $150,000 5 computer $ Furnishings $5,000 if I go for a good atmosphere, you’ll need more than that probably, unless you get money from the government (you are promoting culture in the end!) Equipment $1,000 Cash Arlene $5,000 April $4,500 Accounts Receivable None Inventory Coffee $1,000 Tea $500 Other Assets Cups $3,000 Total Current Assets $182,800 Liabilities: Accounts Payable (monthly) Water $200 Phone $150 Electric $500 Donut Vendor $1,000 Warehouse Club $1,000 Coffee Distributor $1,000 Wages $5,000 Advertising $1,000 Taxes Payable Property Taxes $500 Employee Taxes $2,000 Operating Loans Payable Startup Loan $500 Printer $ 97 Total Liabilities $12,947 on going per month Projected Income March 05 Coffee $6,000 Tea $2,000 Cookies $1,500 Donuts $2,500 Misc. $4,000 Total Income for March $16,000 Total Projected Net Profit (Cost/Benefit) $3,150 for March This would assume 20 pots of coffee sold a day, plus an assortment of other items. This also assumes the market will not increase or decrease due to weather or economics. This would be an average month.

RIP to Bill Walsh? SAN FRANCISCO (AP) -- Bill Walsh, the groundbreaking football coach who won three Super Bowls and perfected the ingenious schemes that became known as the West Coast offense during a Hall of Fame career with the San Francisco 49ers, has died. He was 75. Walsh died at his Woodside home Monday morning following a long battle with leukemia. "This is just a tremendous loss for all of us, especially to the Bay Area because of what he meant to the 49ers," said Hall of Fame quarterback Joe Montana, the player most closely linked to Walsh's tenure with the team. "For me personally, outside of my dad he was probably the most influential person in my life. I am going to miss him." Walsh didn't become an NFL head coach until 47, and he spent just 10 seasons on the San Francisco sideline. But he left an indelible mark on the United States' most popular sport, building the once-woebegone 49ers into the most successful team of the 1980s with his innovative offensive strategies and teaching techniques. The soft-spoken native Californian also produced a legion of coaching disciples that's still growing today. Many of his former assistants went on to lead their own teams, handing down Walsh's methods and schemes to dozens more coaches in a tree with innumerable branches. ADVERTISEMENT "The essence of Bill Walsh was that he was an extraordinary teacher," NFL commissioner Roger Goodell said in a statement. "If you gave him a blackboard and a piece of chalk, he would become a whirlwind of wisdom. He taught all of us not only about football but also about life and how it takes teamwork for any of us to succeed as individuals." Walsh went 102-63-1 with the 49ers, winning 10 of his 14 postseason games along with six division titles. He was named the NFL's coach of the year in 1981 and 1984. Few men did more to shape the look of football into the 21st century. His cerebral nature and often-brilliant stratagems earned him the nickname "The Genius" well before his election to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1993. Walsh twice served as the 49ers' general manager, and George Seifert led San Francisco to two more Super Bowl titles after Walsh left the sideline. Walsh also coached Stanford during two terms over five seasons. Even a short list of Walsh's adherents is stunning. Seifert, Mike Holmgren, Dennis Green, Sam Wyche, Ray Rhodes and Bruce Coslet all became NFL head coaches after serving on Walsh's San Francisco staffs, and Tony Dungy played for him. Most of his former assistants passed on Walsh's structures and strategies to a new generation of coaches, including Mike Shanahan, Jon Gruden, Brian Billick, Andy Reid, Pete Carroll, Gary Kubiak, Steve Mariucci and Jeff Fisher. Walsh created the Minority Coaching Fellowship program in 1987, helping minority coaches to get a foothold in a previously lily-white profession. Marvin Lewis and Tyrone Willingham are among the coaches who went through the program, later adopted as a league-wide initiative. Walsh was diagnosed with leukemia in 2004 and underwent months of treatment and blood transfusions. He publicly disclosed his illness in November 2006. Fellow Hall of Fame coach Marv Levy, who hired Walsh to his first college coaching job, last spoke to him about six weeks ago on the telephone. "I asked him how he was doing, and he said he had come off a certain type of a treatment and he felt much more energy," Levy said. "But he told me then, he said, 'Marv, I don't have long.' He said it honestly. He was vibrant. Understood it. And yet, I was sad to hear it." AP - Jul 30, 3:46 pm EDT More Photos Born William Ernest Walsh on Nov. 30, 1931 in Los Angeles, he was a self-described "average" end and a sometime boxer at San Jose State in 1952-53. Walsh, whose family moved to the Bay Area when he was a teenager, married his college sweetheart, Geri Nardini, in 1954 and started his coaching career at Washington High School in Fremont, leading the football and swim teams. Walsh was coaching in Fremont when he interviewed for an assistant coaching position with Levy, who had just been hired as the head coach at California. "I was very impressed, individually, by his knowledge, by his intelligence, by his personality and hired him," Levy said. After Cal, he did a stint at Stanford before beginning his pro coaching career as an assistant with the AFL's Oakland Raiders in 1966, forging a friendship with Al Davis that endured through decades of rivalry. Walsh joined the Cincinnati Bengals in 1968 to work for legendary coach Paul Brown, who gradually gave complete control of the Bengals' offense to his assistant. Walsh built a scheme based on the teachings of Davis, Brown and Sid Gillman -- and Walsh's own innovations, which included everything from short dropbacks and novel receiving routes to constant repetition of every play in practice. Though it originated in Cincinnati, it became known many years later as the West Coast offense -- a name Walsh never liked or repeated, but which eventually grew to encompass his offensive philosophy and the many tweaks added by Holmgren, Shanahan and other coaches. Much of the NFL eventually ran a version of the West Coast in the 1990s, with its fundamental belief that the passing game can set up an effective running attack, rather than the opposite conventional wisdom. Walsh also is widely credited with inventing or popularizing many of the modern basics of coaching, from the laminated sheets of plays held by coaches on almost every sideline, to the practice of scripting the first 15 offensive plays of a game. After a bitter falling-out with Brown in 1976, Walsh left for stints with the San Diego Chargers and Stanford before the 49ers chose him to rebuild the franchise in 1979. The long-suffering 49ers went 2-14 before Walsh's arrival. They repeated the record in his first season. Walsh doubted his abilities to turn around such a miserable situation -- but earlier in 1979, the 49ers drafted quarterback Joe Montana from Notre Dame. Walsh turned over the starting job to Montana in 1980, when the 49ers improved to 6-10 -- and improbably, San Francisco won its first championship in 1981, just two years after winning two games. Championships followed in the postseasons of 1984 and 1988 as Walsh built a consistent winner and became an icon with his inventive offense and thinking-man's approach to the game. He also showed considerable acumen in personnel, adding Ronnie Lott, Charles Haley, Roger Craig and Rice to his rosters after he was named the 49ers' general manager in 1982 and the president in 1985. Walsh left the 49ers with a profound case of burnout after his third Super Bowl victory in January 1989, though he later regretted not coaching longer. He spent three years as a broadcaster with NBC before returning to Stanford for three seasons. He then took charge of the 49ers' front office in 1999, helping to rebuild the roster over three seasons. But Walsh gradually cut ties with the 49ers after his hand-picked successor as GM, Terry Donahue, took over in 2001. He is survived by his wife, Geri, and two children, Craig and Elizabeth. Walsh's son, Steve, an ABC News reporter, died of leukemia at age 46 in 2002.

kamal karna roy, a newer vision of life in new and upcoming democratic rule ? My Yahoo!Mail Make Y! your home pageYahoo! SearchSearch:Welcome, nidhu1231 [Sign Out, My Account]Answers Home -Forum -Blog -Help Ask Answer Discover Search for questions: Advanced My Profile Home > Politics & Government > Politics > Open Question Nightwis... Member since: September 24, 2007 Total points: 0 (Level 1) Add to My Contacts Block User Open QuestionShow me another » Why are People complaining about China? Just wondering as 90% of what we buy is made in there, of course under brutal conditions & terrible pay, We are contributing to their rise, yet why are we being hypocrites? 16 minutes ago - 3 days left to answer. Report It 1 stars - mark this as Interesting! Who found this interesting? Tony B Email Save Add to private Watchlist Save to My Web Add to My Yahoo! Add to Del.icio.us RSS Answers (8) Show: All Answers Oldest to Newest Newest to Oldest Rated Highest to Lowest by Empress Member since: July 17, 2006 Total points: 4861 (Level 4) Add to My Contacts Block User Because China has an appalling human rights record and I care about people. I try not to buy anything - food or goods - that are imported from anywhere as much as possible. 13 minutes ago 3 Rating: Good Answer 0 Rating: Bad Answer Report It Sorry, you must be Level 2 to rate by Avondrow Member since: July 16, 2006 Total points: 29927 (Level 7) Add to My Contacts Block User Yes, an economic boycott would be more effective and more meaningful, but I can't see it happening. We like our cheap gadgets and cheap clothes! 13 minutes ago 3 Rating: Good Answer 0 Rating: Bad Answer Report It Sorry, you must be Level 2 to rate by bilious bill Member since: December 18, 2007 Total points: 2262 (Level 3) Add to My Contacts Block User It's a great pity there aren't far more products on sale "made in England". Whatever happened to our manufacturing industry? 11 minutes ago 0 Rating: Good Answer 0 Rating: Bad Answer Report It Sorry, you must be Level 2 to rate by NotEckyB... Member since: February 06, 2008 Total points: 1961 (Level 3) Add to My Contacts Block User Tell me about it, I just bought a plasma screen Telly made in China. 54 inch and it cost me over 1600 squid. If this bunch spoil my enjoyment of the olympics with their stupid "protests" I will not be a happy bunny. Surely it's none of our business what happens in Tibet? 8 minutes ago 0 Rating: Good Answer 0 Rating: Bad Answer Report It Sorry, you must be Level 2 to rate by Chibi.Ja... Member since: May 13, 2007 Total points: 1584 (Level 3) Add to My Contacts Block User i dunno but i get annoyed sometimes because im half-chinese and yes they are brutal at work and not enough pay but if you grew up there you would understand it isnt an easy life-i.e all schools strict (If anyone watched chinese school on tv lastnight on BBC you would know what im on bout) im just rambling on ==' 7 minutes ago 0 Rating: Good Answer 0 Rating: Bad Answer Report It Sorry, you must be Level 2 to rate by Alzheimer McCain Member since: April 09, 2008 Total points: 110 (Level 1) Add to My Contacts Block User China is a superpower and can bankrupt the U.S. by just recalling their debt. It is only a matter of time. 6 minutes ago 1 Rating: Good Answer 0 Rating: Bad Answer Report It Sorry, you must be Level 2 to rate by power_d_... Member since: December 21, 2006 Total points: 8265 (Level 5) Badge Image: Contributing In: Politics Add to My Contacts Block User The support the troops magnets and the made in China US Flags are fading 6 minutes ago 1 Rating: Good Answer 0 Rating: Bad Answer Report It Sorry, you must be Level 2 to rate by Nidhu G Member since: March 23, 2008 Total points: 8 (Level 1) REPUBLIC OF HINA IS AN WOULD BE SUPERPOWER NATION WITH CHEAP LABOUR FORCE IN HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS,SINCERE AND DEDICATED WORK FORCE AND PEACEFUL ENVIRONMENT BUT IDEOLOGICALLY WITH COMMUNIST RULE IS EYESORE OF MOST PEOPLE AND NATIONS , AT LARGE. PEOPLE ARE CURIOUS AND FEALFUL OF CHINA AN ITS PEOPLE. CONCEPTS HAVE TO CHANGE EVENTUALLY.PEOPLE AT LARGE, USA DO ALSO HAVE MIXED REACTION FOR U S AMERICANS AND REPUBLIC OF USA. THE NATION, USA IS EXTREMELY POWERFUL WITHTRAINED WORK FORCE, MONEY AND OTHER PURSUITS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN-ANIMALS. sO RESPECT FOR USA OR FEAR FROM USA ARE MIXED BLESSINGS FOR U S AMERICANS. --------------------------------------... Posted By: timrogers (March 27, 2008 at 7:03 PM) Hillary will not quit until the nominee is picked in Denver.Even if she loses she still will not quit. Her obsession to be President will outlive this election should Obama win the nomination. If he does win, he can expect not only zero support from the Clinton machine but probably active opposition. Hillary will begin her campaign to be the nominee in four years on day one after the convention. Her desire to see Obama fail will remind us all of the old saying 'the enemy of my enemy is my friend'. Report Abuse --------------------------------------... Show All Comments » Project GreenEnterpriseLeadershipBoomer FilesGiving GloballyCES CoverageEducation INNOVATION Honey, I Shrunk The Car Keith Naughton Gas costs are up. So is Third World consumer demand. The result: a new breed of cars that are cooler, cheaper and incredibly small. Goodbye, Hummer. Preview Article | Comments Sponsored by PeriscopeNewsPoliticsTech / BusinessCulture / IdeasHealthTip Sheet TIBET A Race Fight Roils China Melinda Liu Preview Article | Comments Sponsored by Give a Gift Change Your Address Pay Your Bill Renew Subscribe Now Only $20/year! First Name Last Name Email Address Make Newsweek Your Homepage Podcasts Newsweek Radio Get and Share Widgets RSS Newsletters Home Current Issue International Edition News Politics Tech and Business Culture Health Voices The CW Perspectives Cartoon My Turn Partners About Newsweek Advertising Information Subscriber Services Pressroom Education Program Contact Us User Agreement Privacy Policy Back Copies Rights and Reprint Sales Showcase Ads Online and Distance Learning Directory © 2008 Newsweek, Inc.Loading Menu Report Abuse --------------------------------------... Show All Comments » Project GreenEnterpriseLeadershipBoomer FilesGiving GloballyCES CoverageEducation STRATEGIES I Want My (Web) MTV Johnnie L. Roberts Digital impresario Mika Salmi is transforming Viacom's MTV Networks into a new-media powerhouse, saving it from a fate worse than death: middle age. Preview Article | Comments Sponsored by PeriscopeNewsPoliticsTech / BusinessCulture / IdeasHealthTip Sheet JUSTICE A Top Pentagon Lawyer Faces A Senate Grilling On Torture Michael Isikoff Preview Article | Comments Sponsored by 0!#8 - Mon Apr 7, 2008 6:23 AM EDTvishwa4.9. 2008 : the hon'ble reverend premansu r das reproduced the opinion of the rev dr kamal karna karuna roy aka joseph geronimo jr, a guam born is citizen by birth in u s a, & currently a u s republican hopeful for u s presidency scheduled on nov 4, 2008, dr roy incidentally filed 34= CIVIL ACTIONS PENDING IN U S DISTRICT COURTS THROUGH OUT SPREAD UP, GEOGRAPHICALLY REGIONS FROM HAWAII, HONOLULU THROUGH U S DISTRICT COURT FOR DISTRICT OF RHODE ISLAND AT PROVIDENCE. R I ALLEGING SKY— HIGH, HELL_DEEP CORRUPTIONS WHICH EXCEEDED SPEED OF INTERNET COMMUNICATION, CORRUPTION, TO TACTFULLY ELIMINATE MOST U S PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES WHO BELONGED TO WEAKER COMMUNITIES OF USA, OR WHO BELONGED TO HAVE_NOTS IN USA, OR WHO BELONGED TO ANY DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITY OF USA, VIZ THE REVEREND DR KAMAL ROY WHO HAPPENED TO BELONG TO MEMBER OF CLERGIES IN WELFARE TO PEOPLE, AND ON VOW OF POVERTY UNDER I R S RULE FOR ORDAINED CLERGIES IN USA. AS SUCH DR ROY WAS A U S AMERICAN POOR UNDER ANY POVERTY GUIDELINES OF U S A AND WORLD. HE ENTERED U S PRESIDENT'S ELECTORAL COMPETITION AS REGISTERED WITH FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION, WASHINGTON D C. hE RECEIVED JUST NEGLECT FROM ALL MAINSTREAM NEWS MEDIA, AS IF A PERSON WHO DID NOT PHYSICALLY BELONG AS A LIVING BEING EVEN WITH DOGMA OF MAJOR PARTY ENROLLED MEMBERSHIP OF GOP. DR ROY IS AN MBA FROM S U NY MARITIME COLLEGE,BRONX, NT CITY 1974, COLLEGE ID 578 80 4399 WITH DOCTORAL DEGREES (TWO) AND ONE IN LAW AS LL. B FROM ACCREDITED FOREIGN SCHOOL. HE WAS FORMER PROFESSOR IN MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND RELIGIONS OF PEOPLE. HE IS AUTHOR OF BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS WITH MOBILE BOOK AUTHOR OF ELECTRONIC AND HARD COPY VERSON OF PUBLICATION VIZ 'JUNGLE DEMOCRACIES, CAT AND MOUSE DOCTRINES OF OPPRESSIONS ON WEAKER PEOPLE ET AL BY MOST POWERFUL PEOPLE OR ENTITIES , POWERFUL NATIONS, POWERFUL ENTITIES, SUPPERPOWER ET EL Haunting Clinton The most striking critiques of Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign have come from her most loyal friends. - By E. J. Dionne Jr. Commentsrobin1231hotmailcom wrote: Search the Web: Welcome, vishwa_dh [Sign Out, My Account]Answers Home -Blog -Help Ask Answer Discover Search for questions: Advanced My Profile Home /> Politics & Government > Elections > Your Open Question vishwa d Member since: 17 November 2007 Total points: 0 (Level 1) Your Open QuestionShow me another » NEW SEGREGATION IN u s OF AMERICA: POWERFULS VS POWERELESS, WEAKER PEOPLE , DISADVANTAGED IN USA ET AL; ? REVEREND, KAMAL KARNA KARUNA ROY SID PUBLICLY ON SUPER TUESDAY OF PRIMAMARIES, AT A SRANAC LAKE, NEW YORK TO HIS VOLUNTTEE EXECUTIVE ASSISTANTS IN THE ELECT KAMAL ROY ELECTION COMMITTEE,ON 2.5. 2008, THAT NEWER SEGREGATION PATTERNS IN U S AMERICAN DEMOCRACY, THE SEGREGATION BETWEEN OLD BLACK AMERIC V WHITE USA IS REDUCING SOME RELEVANCE FOR WHITER BLAKS IN USA VIZ oBAMA, A CANDIDATE , BUT STAUCH SEGREGATION IN BETWEEN POORS IN U S AMERICA, HAVE_NOTS IN USA , THE DISADVANTAGED IN USA , SIMILAR GROUPS IN USA IN JEOPARDY OF DEMOCRATIC DEFICITS, SUCH TOTAL POPULATION OF SEGREGATEDU S AMERICAN WAS OVER 10 % OF TOTAL POPULATION OF APPROXIMATELY 300 MILLIONS, VS RICH, ELITES, POWERFULS, BILLIONAIRS ET AL, AS ANOTHER GROUP. ARE EXPANDING MANIFOLDS IN SEGREGATIONS. DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP RIGHTS WERE REDUCED TO ALMOST ZERO IN TRUEST STATISTICS. oBAMA AND HILLARY BELONGED TO SOME WHITER POWERFUL GROUPS . THE REV KAMAL KARNA SAID , NO OBAMA, NO HILLARY AS US PRESIDENT TO BE ELECTED AND A NEW FACE SHOUD BE DRAFTED AS MR/MS CLEAN TO BE CANDIDATES OR REPUBLICAN / DEMOCRATIC PARTIES TO BE ELECTED AT GENERAL ELECTION IN 2008 . IF AND WHEN ELECTIONS SHOULD BE HELD. DR ROY APPLIED IN U S FEDERAL COURTS AT VARIOUS COURT JURISDICTIONS TO POSTPONE THE GENERAL ELECTION OF NOV 2008 FOR ELECTION OF A US PRESIDEDENT IN USA FOR MULTIPLE VIOLATIONS IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS.SEE FOLLOWING :AMENDED COMMENT :THE REVEREND DR KAMAL KARNA ROY AS ON 2.2. 2008 FILED A CIVIL RIGHTS ALLEGATION IN u s DISTRICT COURT FOR NEW JERSEY DISTRICT AT TRENTON N J, AGAINST ABOUT 300+ DEFENDANTS WHO WERE ENGAGED IN CAUSING PAIN, HARMS AND DEMOCRATIC DAMAGES LIKE PRE DEATH PAINS TO A U S PATRIOT FOR DENIAL OF DEMOCRATIC BENEFITS TO THE REVEREND DR ROY AS HE WAS AN ORDAINED CLERGY ON VOW OR POVERTY, I R S RULE, AND AS SUCH , HE REMAINED POOR MOST OF HIS LIFE, AND HE WAS A U S AMERIAN POOR, AND HE WAS A MEMBER OF WEAKER COMMUNITIES IN USA AND WAS A MEMBER OF MILLIONS OF HAVE— NOT IN USA, ABOUT 10 % OF TOTAL U S POPULATION OR 300 MILLIONS IN U S.S , AS SUCH DR WAS VIRTUALLY LEFT OUT BY THE U S NEWS MEDIA AND NEWS MEDIA CONGLOMERATES , AS A CANDIDATE OF HIGH OFFICE AS U S PRESIDENT 2008 ELECTORAL COMPETITION & CAMPAIGN, FOR PURPOSE. hE THE RICH, POWERFUL,ELITES IN USA WERE COVERED IN NEWWS AND AGENTS /CANDIDATES OF HAVE_NOTS WERE LEFT OUT AS IF CANDIDATE VIZ DR KAMAL ROY WAS NOT A CONTESTANT. U S GOVT, FEC, WASHINGTON DC DID NOT LET THE NAMES OF CANDIDATES IN THE FIELD ADEOUATELY; tHE STATS IN USA DID NOT GIVE AID LIKE PUBLIC ASSISTANCE TO WEAKER CANDIDATES , SO SUH CANDIDATES FAILED TO GET FOCUSSED AS IF THEY BELONG AS CONTESTANTS. sTATE BOARD FAILED TO NOTIIFY DATES OF PRIMARY ELECTIONS PRPOSED BY THEM , AS LAWS REQUIRED. sIMILARLYHILLARY , OBAMA GOT FREE PUBLICITY VIZ HILLARY'S DAUGHTER CHELSEA CLINTON, HER HUSBAND BILL CLINTON RECEIVED PUBLICITY FREE OF COST TO PROJECT HILLARY WHO WAS TRYING TO GRAB LEADERSHIP AS A FIRST TIME WOMAN TO GET ELETED AS U S PRESIDENT 2008 BUT THE MEDIA FELL SHY TO PROJECT A MEMBER OF THE HAVE_NOTS. aS SUCH ELECTION WAS IN PROGRESS IN INEQUITABLE SITUATION. DR ROY AS SUCH FILED ANOTHER PETITION FOR VIOLATIONS WERE DETECTED IN THE JURISDICTION TO A RELIEF TO POSTPONE U S PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 2009. aN ACTION SIMILAR, WAS EARLER FILED WITH USD COURT, N D OF CALIFORNIA , SAN FRNCISCO DIVN AS VIOLATIONS WERE FOUND IN THE JURISDICTION. AS DR ROY IS A CANDIDATE IN THE JURISDICTION AND USA GOVT WAS COMMON PARTY AS A DEFENDANT, PRORATA CLAIM WAS PERMISSIBLE UNDER CURRENT LAS FOR SOME WHAT VARIOUS DEGEE OF VIOLATIONS IN DIVERSE JURISDICTION, DR ROY IS MBA (M S DEGREE FROM SUNY MARITIME OLLEGE,NEW YORK CITY ,1974,COLLEGE ID 578804399, HE HAD PH, D IN MANAGEMENT, DOCTORATE IN RELIGIONS:HAS LL. B (LAWS) FROM ACCREDITED FOREIGN SCHOOL. hE HAD ADVANCED DIPLOMA IN PUBLIC ADMN , FROM U S D A GRADUATA=E SCHOOL, WASHINGTON DC , 1972; BUT HE WASBEING FOOLED IN DEMOCRATIC ELECTION, THE SAID ELECTION WAS LIKE A DOG_FIGHT ,KAMAL WROTE IN COURT ACTION, WHEREIN SELECTED DOGS OF POWERFUL OWNERS OF THE ANIMALS WERE ALLOWED TO THE FIGHT WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF DEMOCRATIC PROIVILEGES. sO DR ROY PRAYED TO POSTPONE NOV 2008 ELCTION, UNTIL COUT DECIDED COURT ACTION AGAINT DEFENDANTS FOR DAMAGES AND KAMAL'S RIGHT TO 0 seconds ago - Edit - Delete Source(s): THE REV DR KAMAL K ROY 0 Rating: Good Answer 0 Rating: Bad Answer Report

American History short answer questions please?!? i have a big exam in a few days, and i cant seem to find short answers for these following items: (if you know anything about these questions, it would be greatly appreciated): A.)how did Jackson change the makeup of the Cabinet? B.) What was Jackson's policy in government? C.) what/who favored American economic growth? D.)why did American manufacturing favor technological innovation? E.) how did railroads affect the environment and economy? F.) "Free Labor" idea affected education in what way? G.) How did Westward movement affect Plains Indians? H.) Anglo Settlers in California I.) Why did politicians and editorialists oppose women's suffrage? J.) How did Slavery unify South?